[Neural mechanisms of fear responses to emotional stimuli: a preliminary study combining early posterior negativity and electroencephalogram source network analysis].

Fear emotion is a typical negative emotion that is commonly present in daily life and significantly influences human behavior. A deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying negative emotions contributes to the improvement of diagnosing and treating disorders related to negative emotions. However, the neural mechanisms of the brain when faced with fearful emotional stimuli remain unclear.

Aggressiveness classification of clear cell renal cell carcinoma using registration-independent radiology-pathology correlation learning.

Background: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a common cancer that varies in clinical behavior. Clear cell RCC (ccRCC) is the most common RCC subtype, with both aggressive and indolent manifestations. Indolent ccRCC is often low-grade without necrosis and can be monitored without treatment.

Reproducibility and repeatability of quantitative T2 and T2* mapping of osteosarcomas in a mouse model.

Background: New immunotherapies activate tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in the osteosarcoma microenvironment. Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) are phagocytosed by TAMs and, therefore, enable TAM detection on T2*- and T2-weighted magnetic resonance images. We assessed the repeatability and reproducibility of T2*- and T2-mapping of osteosarcomas in a mouse model.

SCOUT® Localization Using MRI Guidance: Initial Experience.

Objective: The Food and Drug Administration approved the MRI-compatible wireless SCOUT localization system in April 2022. The purpose of this study was to evaluate feasibility of SCOUT localization under MRI guidance. We present our initial experience adopting MRI-guided SCOUT localization and compare it to MRI-guided wire localization.

SCOUT® Radar Localization at Time of Breast Biopsy.

Objective: Evaluate surgical utilization of SCOUT reflectors placed at breast biopsy.

Methods: Consent was waived for this retrospective IRB-approved, HIPAA-compliant study. Breast biopsy examinations that reported the term "SCOUT" between January 2021 and June 2022 were identified using an institutional search engine.

Prospective Comparison of Ga-NeoB and Ga-PSMA-R2 PET/MRI in Patients with Biochemically Recurrent Prostate Cancer.

Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) and gastrin-releasing peptide receptors are both overexpressed in prostate cancer (PC) but may provide complementary information.Ga-PSMA-R2 and Ga-NeoB (DOTA--aminomethylaniline-diglycolic acid-DPhe-Gln-Trp-Ala-Val-Gly-His-NH-CH[CH-CH(CH)]) are novel PET radiopharmaceuticals that were developed for theranostic use. In this phase II imaging study, we assessed the feasibility, safety, and diagnostic performance of Ga-NeoB and Ga-PSMA-R2 PET/MRI for detection of biochemically recurrent PC.

Ga-RM2 PET-MRI versus MRI alone for evaluation of patients with biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer: a single-centre, single-arm, phase 2/3 imaging trial.

Background: National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines include prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeted PET for detection of biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer. However, targeting a single tumour characteristic might not be sufficient to reflect the full extent of disease. Gastrin releasing peptide receptors (GRPR) have been shown to be overexpressed in prostate cancer.

World Health Organization 2022 Classification Update: Radiologic and Pathologic Features of Papillary Renal Cell Carcinomas.

Rationale And Objectives: To describe imaging and pathology features of newly defined papillary renal cell carcinoma (pRCC) based on the WHO 2022 update.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study included 87 patients with 93 pathologically proven papillary renal cell carcinomas who underwent pre-treatment renal mass protocol CT or MRI. Baseline and post-treatment follow-up imaging was evaluated by two radiologists systematically based on established lexicon.

[Analysis of muscle synergy and muscle functional network at different walking speeds based on surface electromyographic signal].

An in-depth understanding of the mechanism of lower extremity muscle coordination during walking is the key to improving the efficacy of gait rehabilitation in patients with neuromuscular dysfunction. This paper investigates the effect of changes in walking speed on lower extremity muscle synergy patterns and muscle functional networks. Eight healthy subjects were recruited to perform walking tasks on a treadmill at three different speeds, and the surface electromyographic signals (sEMG) of eight muscles of the right lower limb were collected synchronously.

Tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy in pediatric sarcoma: Prognostic implications of pulmonary metastatic cavitation.

Purposes: This study aims to ascertain the prevalence of cavitations in pulmonary metastases among pediatric and young adult patients with sarcoma undergoing tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy, and assess whether cavitation can predict clinical response and survival outcomes.

Methods: In a single-center retrospective analysis, we examined chest computed tomography (CT) scans of 17 patients (median age 16 years; age range: 4-25 years) with histopathologically confirmed bone (n = 10) or soft tissue (n = 7) sarcoma who underwent TKI treatment for lung metastases. The interval between TKI initiation and the onset of lung nodule cavitation and tumor regrowth were assessed.

Modified PROMISE criteria for standardized interpretation of gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR)-targeted PET.

Purpose: There are image interpretation criteria to standardize reporting prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeted positron emission tomography (PET). As up to 10% of prostate cancer (PC) do not express PSMA, other targets such as gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) are evaluated. Research on GRPR-targeted imaging has been slowly increasing in usage at staging and biochemical recurrence (BCR) of PC.

EEG-CDILNet: a lightweight and accurate CNN network using circular dilated convolution for motor imagery classification.

The combination of the motor imagery (MI) electroencephalography (EEG) signals and deep learning-based methods is an effective way to improve MI classification accuracy. However, deep learning-based methods often need too many trainable parameters. As a result, the trade-off between the network decoding performance and computational cost has always been an important challenge in the MI classification research.

Comparison of diffusion-weighted MRI and [F]FDG PET/MRI for treatment monitoring in pediatric Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

Objective: To compare tumor therapy response assessments with whole-body diffusion-weighted imaging (WB-DWI) and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose ([F]FDG) PET/MRI in pediatric patients with Hodgkin lymphoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

Materials And Methods: In a retrospective, non-randomized single-center study, we reviewed serial simultaneous WB-DWI and [F]FDG PET/MRI scans of 45 children and young adults (27 males; mean age, 13 years ± 5 [standard deviation]; age range, 1-21 years) with Hodgkin lymphoma (n = 20) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (n = 25) between February 2018 and October 2022. We measured minimum tumor apparent diffusion coefficient (ADCmin) and maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of up to six target lesions and assessed therapy response according to Lugano criteria and modified criteria for WB-DWI.

Gesture recognition of continuous wavelet transform and deep convolution attention network.

To solve the problem of missing data features using a deep convolutional neural network (DCNN), this paper proposes an improved gesture recognition method. The method first extracts the time-frequency spectrogram of surface electromyography (sEMG) using the continuous wavelet transform. Then, the Spatial Attention Module (SAM) is introduced to construct the DCNN-SAM model.

Risk of malignancy in T1-hyperintense Bosniak version 2019 class II and IIF cystic renal masses.

Background: Bosniak classification version 2019 includes cystic masses in class II and IIF based partly on their hyperintense appearance at T1-weighted MRI. The prevalence of malignancy in non-enhancing heterogeneously T1-hyperintense masses is unknown, nor whether the pattern of T1 hyperintensity affects malignancy likelihood.

Purpose: To determine the malignancy proportion among six patterns of T1 hyperintensity within non-enhancing cystic renal masses.

External Validation of a Five-Tiered CT Algorithm for the Diagnosis of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Retrospective Five-Reader Study.

In 2022, a five-tiered CT algorithm was proposed for predicting whether a small (cT1a) solid renal mass represents clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). The purpose of this external validation study was to evaluate the proposed CT algorithm for diagnosis of ccRCC among small solid renal masses. This retrospective study included 93 patients (median age, 62 years; 42 women, 51 men) with 97 small solid renal masses that were seen on corticomedullary phase contrast-enhanced CT performed between January 2012 and July 2022 and subsequently underwent surgical resection.

A double-channel multiscale depthwise separable convolutional neural network for abnormal gait recognition.

Abnormal gait recognition is important for detecting body part weakness and diagnosing diseases. The abnormal gait hides a considerable amount of information. In order to extract the fine, spatial feature information in the abnormal gait and reduce the computational cost arising from excessive network parameters, this paper proposes a double-channel multiscale depthwise separable convolutional neural network (DCMSDSCNN) for abnormal gait recognition.

Surface electromyography-based analysis of the lower limb muscle network and muscle synergies at various gait speeds.

Gait movement is an important activity in daily human life. The coordination of gait movement is directly affected by the cooperation and functional connectivity between muscles. However, the mechanisms of muscle operation at different gait speeds remain unclear.

Diagnostic performance of the "drooping" sign in CT diagnosis of exophytic renal angiomyolipoma.

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of angular interface and the "drooping" sign in exophytic renal angiomyolipomas (AMLs) and the diagnostic performance in differentiating exophytic lipid-poor AMLs from other solid renal masses.

Methods: This IRB-approved, two-center study included 185 patients with 188 exophytic solid renal masses < 4 cm with histopathology and pre-operative CT within 30 days of surgical resection or biopsy. Images were reviewed for the presence of angular interface and the "drooping" sign qualitatively by three readers blinded to the final diagnosis, with majority rules applied.

SE-TCN network for continuous estimation of upper limb joint angles.

The maturity of human-computer interaction technology has made it possible to use surface electromyographic signals (sEMG) to control exoskeleton robots and intelligent prostheses. However, the available upper limb rehabilitation robots controlled by sEMG have the shortcoming of inflexible joints. This paper proposes a method based on a temporal convolutional network (TCN) to predict upper limb joint angles by sEMG.

Multimodal In Vivo Tracking of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells in Preclinical Glioblastoma Models.

Objectives: Iron oxide nanoparticles have been used to track the accumulation of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However, the only nanoparticle available for clinical applications to date, ferumoxytol, has caused rare but severe anaphylactic reactions. MegaPro nanoparticles (MegaPro-NPs) provide an improved safety profile.

[Follow control of upper limb rehabilitation training based on Kinect and NAO robot].

Gesture imitation is a common rehabilitation strategy in limb rehabilitation training. In traditional rehabilitation training, patients need to complete training actions under the guidance of rehabilitation physicians. However, due to the limited resources of the hospital, it cannot meet the training and guidance needs of all patients.

Diagnostic performance of hypoechoic perinephric fat as a predictor of prediabetes and diabetes.

Purpose: To evaluate prevalence and predictive value of hypoechoic perinephric fat (HPF) in patients with prediabetes and diabetes compared to non-diabetics.

Methods: Of 240 patients with renal ultrasound and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) measurements, 114 patients had either prediabetes (HbA1c 5.7-6.

Positive predictive value of LI-RADS US-3 observations: multivariable analysis of clinical and imaging features.

Purpose: To determine how clinical and imaging features affect the positive predictive values (PPV) of US-3 observations.

Methods: In this retrospective study, 10,546 adult patients who were high risk for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) from 2017 to 2021 underwent ultrasound screening/surveillance. Of these, 225 adult patients (100 women, 125 men)  with an US-3 observation underwent diagnostic characterization with multiphasic CT (93; 41%), MRI (130; 58%), or contrast-enhanced ultrasound (2; 1%).