Decoupling of global signal and cerebrospinal fluid inflow is associated with cognitive decline in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea.

Objectives: The role of cortical glymphatic dysfunction in the cognitive impairment of the obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) requires further study. To compare the coupling between the resting-state blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signals and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) signals (BOLD-CSF coupling), a proxy for the cortical glymphatic function, across patients with differing severities of OSA and relate them with disease characteristics and treatment.

Methods: A total of 153 participants (89 OSA patients and 64 matched controls) were prospectively included.

Aerobic Exercise Training, Biological Age, and Mortality in Chronic Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction.

Background: Among individuals with chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), the predictive value for mortality by biomarker-based biological age (BA) and whether aerobic exercise training (AET) modifies the association are understudied.

Objectives: The authors aimed to investigate the association between BA and mortality among individuals with HFrEF and assess whether AET modifies the association.

Methods: Including participants in HF-ACTION (Heart Failure: A Controlled Trial Investigating Outcomes of Exercise Training), BA acceleration was constructed by the Klemera-Doubal method, using the residual of a linear model of BA and chronological age.

A glycogen synthase kinase-3 gene enhances grain yield heterosis in semi-dwarf rapeseed.

Optimizing plant height is a key breeding objective in Brassica napus to enhance lodging resistance and increase yield potential. In the present study, we identified a semi-dwarf gene in rapeseed, BnDWARF5 (BnDF5), which encodes a glycogen synthase kinase 3, BRASSINOSTEROID-INSENSITIVE 2 (BnaC03.BIN2), primarily controlling the elongation of basal internodes by inhibiting the elongation of internode cells.

Thrombospondin-1 binds to integrin β3 to inhibit vascular calcification through suppression of NF-κB pathway.

Vascular calcification is an important risk factor related to all-cause mortality of cardiovascular events in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Vascular extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins have been demonstrated to regulate vascular calcification. ECM protein thrombospondin 1 (THBS1/TSP-1) plays a critical role in the regulation of vascular diseases.

Homochiral carbon nanotube van der Waals crystals.

For applications of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) in integrated circuits, it is crucial to have high-tube density arrays of SWNTs that are well aligned and purely semiconducting. In this work, we report on the direct growth of close-packed SWNT arrays on hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) substrates, demonstrating high alignment and uniform chirality within each array. Molecular dynamics simulations suggest that a self-assembly growth mechanism resulted from the intertube van der Waals attraction and the ultralow sliding friction of SWNTs on the atomically flat hBN substrate.

Evaluation of Effect of Dietary Supplementation with Microencapsulated Hydrolyzed Tannins on Growth, Slaughter Performance, Meat Quality, and Lipid Metabolism of Zhongshan Shelducks.

This study investigated the effects of microenapsulated hydrolyzed tannins (MHTs) on the growth performance and meat quality of Zhongshan shelducks. A total of 288 healthy Zhongshan shelducks with an average initial weight of 1790.27 ± 0.

Association of dietary quality indicators with gallstones in the US: NHANES 2017-2020.

Background: While dietary factors are known to influence gallstone development, the specific relationships between comprehensive dietary quality indicators and gallstone risk remain poorly understood. This study aimed to explore the association between dietary quality indicators and gallstones using data from the 2017 to 2020 US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).

Methods: A total of 6,623 US adults were extracted from the 2017-2020 NHANES, of which 734 participants self-reported having gallstones.

Blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome: A case report and literature review.

Blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome (BRBNS) is a rare congenital clinical syndrome characterized by venous malformations in multiple organs, including the skin, gastrointestinal tract, liver, and lungs. In June 2022, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University admitted a rare case of BRBNS. The patient was hospitalized due to abdominal distension and a history of recurrent hematochezia.

Analysis of factors influencing contact in the 686 Program for patients with a first-time diagnosis of severe mental disorders in Hainan Province from 2018 to 2022.

Background: The 686 Program in China primarily aims to provide certain health and policy services to individuals with severe mental disorders within the community. As of 2020, a total of 6.43 million patients were registered nationwide under this program.

Artificial Intelligence Technology Assists Enzyme Prediction and Rational Design.

Since the structure of enzymes determines their function, elucidating the structure of enzymes lays a solid foundation for deciphering their catalytic mechanism and enabling rational design. The development of artificial intelligence (AI) has sparked a technological revolution, infusing new vitality into theoretical studies of enzymology and the advancement of enzyme engineering techniques. This Review outlines the development process and main methods of AI applied in the structural elucidation and functional prediction of enzymes.

SIRT3 mitigates dry eye disease through the activation of autophagy by deacetylation of FOXO1.

Dry eye disease (DED) is a complex ocular condition characterized by oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. An increasing number of studies suggest that Sirtuin3 (SIRT3), a mitochondrial deacetylase, may offer protection against related pathologies. Despite these indications, the precise function and underlying mechanisms of SIRT3 in the context of DED have not been fully elucidated.

Anisotropic Resonant Tunneling in Twist-Stacked van der Waals Heterostructure.

Resonant tunneling, with energy and momentum conservation, has been extensively studied in two-dimensional van der Waals heterostructures and has potential applications in band structure probing, multivalued logic, and oscillators. Lattice alignment is crucial in resonant tunneling transistors (RTTs) for achieving negative differential resistance (NDR) with a high peak-to-valley ratio (PVR) because twist-angle-induced momentum mismatch can break the resonant tunneling condition. Here, we report anisotropic resonant tunneling in twist-stacked ReSe/-BN/ReSe RTTs, where the PVR exhibits a strong dependence on the twist angle between the two ReSe layers, reaching a maximum at the twist angle of 102°.

Long-term benefit of afatinib combined with bevacizumab in a lung adenocarcinoma patient with a novel rare EGFR Q787L mutation.

Background: The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is among the most frequently mutated genes in lung adenocarcinomas (LUAC). The combination of afatinib and bevacizumab has primarily been reported in LUAC cases exhibiting resistance to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKI), particularly in classical variants such as EGFR exon 19 deletions and the L858R mutation in exon 21. However, the clinical efficacy of afatinib combined with bevacizumab in treating rare EGFR mutations remains underexplored.

Carbene-supported triphosphorus anion.

The stabilization of reactive anionic main group species utilizing carbenes constitutes a burgeoning and scarcely explored field. Herein, we report the synthesis of an anionic triphosphorus [P]- unit, supported by two cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbenes (CAACs) in the form of potassium salts. This anion features a planar W-shaped conjugated C-P-P-P-C framework, characterized by 5-center-6-electron π delocalization and an additional σ lone pair located on each of the three phosphorus atoms.

Electrochemical oscillation during copper recovery from waste printed circuit boards by slurry electrolysis: Generation mechanism and process characteristics.

Slurry electrolysis can be used to recover copper from waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs), but electrochemical oscillations during recovery increase the power consumption. Therefore, copper(II) chloride was selected as a simulated electrolyte to study electrochemical oscillations during the recovery of copper from WPCBs by slurry electrolysis. The results showed that a cuprous chloride passivation film formed on the cathode and induced decaying, bottom-up electrochemical oscillations whose amplitude and frequency were affected by several factors.

Weakness-complementing Z-scheme black phosphorus/TiO heterojunction with efficient charge separation and photocatalytic overall water splitting activity.

The photocatalytic efficiency of Black P is limited by its rapid carrier recombination and poor oxidation ability. In contrast, the photocatalytic efficiency of TiO is limited by its rapid carrier recombination and poor visible light absorption capability. Given this, coupling Black P with TiO to construct a heterojunction achieves complementary weaknesses.

Efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant SHR-A1811 with or without pyrotinib in women with locally advanced or early HER2-positive breast cancer: a randomized, open-label, phase 2 trial.

Background: Standard neoadjuvant regimens for HER2-positive breast cancer include trastuzumab and pertuzumab combined with chemotherapy, and the efficacy and safety of third-generation HER2-direted antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) remain to be elucidated.

Patients And Methods: This open-label, randomized, phase 2 study enrolled patients aged 18 years or older with stage II-III Her2-positive breast cancer. Patients were randomly assigned (1:1:1) to receive neoadjuvant treatment either with SHR-A1811 monotherapy, SHR-A1811 with pyrotinib, or nab-paclitaxel combined with carboplatin, trastuzumab, and pertuzumab (PCbHP) for 24 weeks.

OM-VST: A video action recognition model based on optimized downsampling module combined with multi-scale feature fusion.

Video classification, as an essential task in computer vision, aims to identify and label video content using computer technology automatically. However, the current mainstream video classification models face two significant challenges in practical applications: first, the classification accuracy is not high, which is mainly attributed to the complexity and diversity of video data, including factors such as subtle differences between different categories, background interference, and illumination variations; and second, the number of model training parameters is too high resulting in longer training time and increased energy consumption. To solve these problems, we propose the OM-Video Swin Transformer (OM-VST) model.

New mouse models for exploring renal tumor extension into the inferior vena cava.

Renal tumors with inferior vena cava tumor thrombus (IVCTT) remain a challenge in urology. However, in vivo models remain unavailable, which hampers the elucidation of its pathogenesis, identification of therapeutic targets, and screening for effective drugs. In this study, we initially develop two IVCTT models in BALB/c and BALB/c-nu/nu mice using the mouse Renca cell line.

Enhanced tetracycline degradation through electron transfer activated by Bacillus cereus synthesized bio-FeS nanoparticles.

The synthesis of bio-FeS nanoparticles (NPs) was generally using Gram-negative bacteria and mostly in anaerobic systems, thus limiting their application in the degradation of toxic wastewater. In this study, we successfully synthesized bio-FeS NPs for the first time using the resilient Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus cereus, with the objective of investigating the mechanism of promoting electron transfer in the aerobic/anaerobic degradation of tetracycline (TC). The degradation efficiency of TC was increased by 2.

Expanding super-resolution imaging versatility in organisms with multi-confocal image scanning microscopy.

Resolving complex three-dimensional (3D) subcellular dynamics noninvasively in live tissues demands imaging tools that balance spatiotemporal resolution, field-of-view and phototoxicity. Image scanning microscopy (ISM), as an advancement of confocal laser scanning microscopy, provides a 2-fold 3D resolution enhancement. Nevertheless, the relatively low imaging speed has been the major obstacle for ISM to be further employed in imaging of biological tissues.

Roles of Gut Microbiota Metabolites and Circadian Genes in the Improvement of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in KKAy Mice by Theabrownin.

Theabrownin (TB), a prominent pigment in fermented dark tea, exhibits beneficial effects on adiposity reduction. Our study revealed that TB derived from Fu brick tea significantly lowered fasting blood glucose levels and insulin resistance in obese/diabetic KKAy mice. Furthermore, TB demonstrated potent anti-inflammatory effects in the liver, adipose tissue, and intestines, as well as enhancing intestinal integrity.

Amide-Based Cathode Interfacial Layer with Dual-Modification Mechanisms Enables Stable Organic Solar Cells with High Efficiency Achieving 20.

The cathode interfacial layers (CILs) play a critical role in the performance and long-term stability of the organic solar cells (OSCs). While amine-based CILs have been successful in reducing the work function of metal electrodes, they can also promote the decomposition of acceptor materials, compromising the stability of OSCs. To address this challenge and further improve device performance, we have innovatively designed and synthesized amide-functionalized perylene diimide (PDI)-Leu-am as a dopant-free CIL molecule.

A novel role of PvUCP4 in Penaeus vannamei in response to Vibrio alginolyticus challenge.

Mitochondria are the energy production and metabolic centers of cells. About 90 % of reactive oxygen species come from mitochondria. Uncoupling proteins (UCPs) have a protective effect against oxidative stress in mitochondria.