The human claustrum tracks slow waves during sleep.

Slow waves are a distinguishing feature of non-rapid-eye-movement (NREM) sleep, an evolutionarily conserved process critical for brain function. Non-human studies suggest that the claustrum, a small subcortical nucleus, coordinates slow waves. We show that, in contrast to neurons from other brain regions, claustrum neurons in the human brain increase their spiking activity and track slow waves during NREM sleep, suggesting that the claustrum plays a role in coordinating human sleep architecture.

Nonadiabatic Charge Transfer within Photoexcited Nickel Porphyrins.

Metalloporphyrins with open d-shell ions can drive biochemical energy cycles. However, their utilization in photoconversion is hampered by rapid deactivation. Mapping the relaxation pathways is essential for elaborating strategies that can favorably alter the charge dynamics through chemical design and photoexcitation conditions.

Noncentrosymmetric Triangular Magnet CaMnTeO: Strong Quantum Fluctuations and Role of s versus s Electronic States in Competing Exchange Interactions.

Noncentrosymmetric triangular magnets offer a unique platform for realizing strong quantum fluctuations. However, designing these quantum materials remains an open challenge attributable to a knowledge gap in the tunability of competing exchange interactions at the atomic level. Here, a new noncentrosymmetric triangular S = 3/2 magnet CaMnTeO is created based on careful chemical and physical considerations.

The human claustrum tracks slow waves during sleep.

Slow waves are a distinguishing feature of non-rapid-eye-movement (NREM) sleep, an evolutionarily conserved process critical for brain function. Non-human studies posit that the claustrum, a small subcortical nucleus, coordinates slow waves. We recorded claustrum neurons in humans during sleep.

Synthesis, Optical, Dielectric, SHG, Magnetic and Visible Light Driven Catalytic Studies on Compounds Belonging to the Swedenborgite Structure.

A new compound, InBaZnGaO, with swedenborgite structure along with transition metal (TM) substituted variants have also been prepared. The structure contains layers of tetrahedral ions (Zn/Ga) connected by octahedrally coordinated In ion forming the three-dimensional structure with voids where the Ba ions occupy. The TM substituted compounds form with new colors.

Decompressive Bone Flap Replacement (Decompressive Cranioplasty): A Novel Technique for Intracranial Hypertension-Initial Experience and Outcome.

Background:  Intracranial hypertension is a life-threatening condition that can be treated by decompressive craniectomy (DC), which involves removing a part of the skull and intracranial lesions. However, DC has many complications and requires a second surgery to repair the skull. Decompressive bone flap replacement (DBFR) or decompressive cranioplasty is a novel technique that replaces the bone flap with a titanium mesh, providing both decompression and skull integrity.

Frontal-midline theta and posterior alpha oscillations index early processing of spatial representations during active navigation.

Previous research has demonstrated that humans combine multiple sources of spatial information such as self-motion and landmark cues while navigating through an environment. However, it is unclear whether this involves comparing multiple representations obtained from different sources during navigation (parallel hypothesis) or building a representation first based on self-motion cues and then combining with landmarks later (serial hypothesis). We tested these two hypotheses (parallel vs serial) in an active navigation task using wireless mobile scalp EEG recordings.

Crystal Structures and Property Measurements of Rare Earth Magnesium Thiosilicates Synthesized via Flux Crystal Growth Utilizing the Boron Chalcogen Mixture (BCM) Method.

Nine new rare earth magnesium-containing thiosilicates of the formula REMgSiS (Ln = Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er) were synthesized in an alkali halide flux using the boron chalcogen mixture (BCM) method. Crystals of high quality were produced, and their structures were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The compounds crystallize in the hexagonal crystal system in the 6 space group.

Frontal-midline theta and posterior alpha oscillations index early processing of spatial representations during active navigation.

Previous research has demonstrated that humans combine multiple sources of spatial information such as self-motion and landmark cues, while navigating through an environment. However, it is unclear whether this involves comparing multiple representations obtained from different sources during navigation (parallel hypothesis) or building a representation first based on self-motion cues and then combining with landmarks later (serial hypothesis). We tested these two hypotheses (parallel vs.

Polarizable Anionic Sublattices Can Screen Molecular Dipoles in Noncentrosymmetric Inorganic-Organic Hybrids.

We report the growth and photophysical characterization of two polar hybrid lead halide phases, methylenedianiline lead iodide and bromide, (MDA)PbI and (MDA)PbBr, respectively. The phases crystallize in noncentrosymmetric space group 2, which produces a highly oriented molecular dipole moment that gives rise to second harmonic generation (SHG) upon excitation at 1064 nm. While both compositions are isostructural, the size dependence of the SHG signal suggests that the bromide exhibits a stronger phase-matching response whereas the iodide exhibits a significantly weaker non-phase-matching signal.

Noncentrosymmetric γCsIO Obtained from IO Polyhedral Rearrangements in the Centrosymmetric βPhase.

We report the synthesis and optical properties of noncentrosymmetric (NCS) γCsIO that was obtained through IO polyhedral rearrangements from centrosymmetric (CS) β-CsIO. Trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) acts as a structure-directing agent and plays a key role in the synthesis. It is suggested that the function of TFA is to promote rearrangement reactions found in the organic synthesis of stereoisomers.

Ln (SeO ) (SO )(H O) (Ln=Sm, Dy, Yb): A Mixed-Ligand Pathway to New Lanthanide(III) Multifunctional Materials Featuring Nonlinear Optical and Magnetic Anisotropy Properties.

Bottom-up assembly of optically nonlinear and magnetically anisotropic lanthanide materials involving precisely placed spin carriers and optimized metal-ligand coordination offers a potential route to developing electronic architectures for coherent radiation generation and spin-based technologies, but the chemical design historically has been extremely hard to achieve. To address this, we developed a worthwhile avenue for creating new noncentrosymmetric chiral Ln materials Ln (SeO ) (SO )(H O) (Ln=Sm, Dy, Yb) by mixed-ligand design. The materials exhibit phase-matching nonlinear optical responses, elucidating the feasibility of the heteroanionic strategy.

Classification of EEG signals: An interpretable approach using functional data analysis.

Electroencephalography (EEG) is a noninvasive method to record electrical activity of the brain. The EEG data is continuous flow of voltages, in this paper, we consider them as functional data, and propose a three-stage algorithm based on functional data analysis, with the advantage of interpretability. Specifically, the time and frequency information are extracted by wavelet transform in the first stage.

Optimizing the quasi-equilibrium state of hot carriers in all-inorganic lead halide perovskite nanocrystals through Mn doping: fundamental dynamics and device perspectives.

Hot carrier (HC) cooling accounts for the significant energy loss in lead halide perovskite (LHP) solar cells. Here, we study HC relaxation dynamics in Mn-doped LHP CsPbI nanocrystals (NCs), combining transient absorption spectroscopy and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. We demonstrate that Mn doping (1) enlarges the longitudinal optical (LO)-acoustic phonon bandgap, (2) enhances the electron-LO phonon coupling strength, and (3) adds HC relaxation pathways Mn orbitals within the bands.

Enhanced clot lysis by a single point mutation in a reteplase variant.

Recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rtPA) is the clot lysis drug approved for clinical use, and is characterised by a short half-life and substantial inactivation by plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). We previously discovered that a tPA mutation (A419Y) at the protease domain led to enhanced fibrinolysis activity. In the present study, we studied the mechanism of such mutation in enhancing the proteolytic activity, and whether such enhancement persists in reteplase, an United States Food and Drug Administration-approved tPA truncated variant.

Implementing an intermittent spin-coating strategy to enable bottom-up crystallization in layered halide perovskites.

Two-dimensional halide perovskites (2D PVSKs) have drawn tremendous attentions owing to their outstanding ambient stability. However, the random orientation of layered crystals severely impedes the out-of-plane carrier transport and limits the solar cell performance. An in-depth understanding coupled with an effective control of the crystallization in 2D PVSKs is the crux for highly efficient and durable devices.

Pericytes of Indirect Contact Coculture Decrease Integrity of Inner Blood-Retina Barrier Model by Upgrading MMP-2/9 Activity.

Inner blood-retina barrier (iBRB) is primarily formed of retinal microvascular endothelial cells (ECs) with tight junctions, which are surrounded and supported by retinal microvascular pericytes (RMPs) and basement membrane. Pericytes are believed to be critically involved in the physiology and pathology of iBRB. However, the underlying mechanism remains to be fully elucidated.

Time-Frequency Analysis of Scalp EEG With Hilbert-Huang Transform and Deep Learning.

Electroencephalography (EEG) is a brain imaging approach that has been widely used in neuroscience and clinical settings. The conventional EEG analyses usually require pre-defined frequency bands when characterizing neural oscillations and extracting features for classifying EEG signals. However, neural responses are naturally heterogeneous by showing variations in frequency bands of brainwaves and peak frequencies of oscillatory modes across individuals.

Common and Distinct Roles of Frontal Midline Theta and Occipital Alpha Oscillations in Coding Temporal Intervals and Spatial Distances.

Judging how far away something is and how long it takes to get there is critical to memory and navigation. Yet, the neural codes for spatial and temporal information remain unclear, particularly the involvement of neural oscillations in maintaining such codes. To address these issues, we designed an immersive virtual reality environment containing teleporters that displace participants to a different location after entry.

Free Carriers versus Self-Trapped Excitons at Different Facets of Ruddlesden-Popper Two-Dimensional Lead Halide Perovskite Single Crystals.

The physical origin of sub-band gap photoluminescence in Ruddlesden-Poppers two-dimensional (2D) lead halide perovskites (LHPs) is still under debate. In this paper, we studied the photoluminescence features from two different facets of 2D LHP single crystals: the in-plane facet (IF) containing the 2D inorganic layers and the facet perpendicular to the 2D layers (PF). At the IF, the free carriers (FCs) dominate due to the weak electron-phonon coupling in a symmetric lattice.

Exploring the light-induced dynamics in solvated metallogrid complexes with femtosecond pulses across the electromagnetic spectrum.

Oligonuclear complexes of d-d transition metal ion centers that undergo spin-switching have long been developed for their practical role in molecular electronics. Recently, they also have appeared as promising photochemical reactants demonstrating improved stability. However, the lack of knowledge about their photophysical properties in the solution phase compared to mononuclear complexes is currently hampering their inclusion into advanced light-driven reactions.

Modulating Charge-Carrier Dynamics in Mn-Doped All-Inorganic Halide Perovskite Quantum Dots through the Doping-Induced Deep Trap States.

Transition-metal ion doping has been demonstrated to be effective for tuning the photoluminescence properties of perovskite quantum dots (QDs). However, it would inevitably introduce defects in the lattice. As the Mn concentration increases, the Mn dopant photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) first increases and then decreases.

Antihyperuricemic and nephroprotective effects of extracts from Orthosiphon stamineus in hyperuricemic mice.

Objectives: To investigate the antihyperuricemia and nephroprotective effects of Orthosiphon stamineus extracts on hyperuricemia (HUA) mice and explore the potential mechanisms.

Methods: Orthosiphon stamineus extracts were extracted using 50% ethanol and enriched using ethyl acetate, and characterised utilising UPLC/ESI-MS. A potassium oxonate (PO) induced hyperuricemic mouse model was used to evaluate antihyperuricemia and nephroprotective effects of O.

Photodetector Based on Spontaneously Grown Strongly Coupled MAPbBr/N-rGO Hybrids Showing Enhanced Performance.

Recently, metal-halide perovskites have emerged as a candidate for optoelectronic applications such as photodetectors. However, the poor device performance and instability have limited their future commercialization. Herein, we report the spontaneous growth of perovskite/N-rGO hybrid structures using a facile solution method and their applications for photodetectors.