Updates on medical and surgical managements of diabetic retinopathy and maculopathy.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) and diabetic macular edema (DME) are leading causes of vision loss globally. This is a comprehensive review focused on both medical and surgical management strategies for DR and DME. This review highlights the epidemiology of DR and DME, with a particular emphasis on the Asia-Pacific region, urban-rural disparities, ethnic variations, and grading methodologies.

Eco-corona formation on aminated nanoplastics interacted with extracellular polymeric substances from bloom-forming cyanobacteria: Insightful mechanisms with DFT study.

Nanoplastics (NPs) with amino functional groups have wide distribution and high toxicity; however, their environmental behaviors remain inadequately understood. This study investigated the mechanisms of eco-corona formation on pristine polystyrene NPs (PSNPs) and aminated PSNPs (PSNPs-NH) by extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) from a bloom-forming cyanobacterium, Microcystis aeruginosa. Our results revealed that at the two tested concentrations of EPS (5.

The causal relationship between hallux valgus and endogenous pathogenic factors: A 2-sample Mendelian randomization.

Notably, several factors are associated with hallux valgus (HV); however, their causal relationship remains unclear. In this study, a 2-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was performed to investigate the casual relationship between 9 endogenous risk factors and HV, aiming to provide a foundation for the clinical management of HV. Exposure factors such as body mass index (BMI), BMI (male), BMI (female), acquired flatfoot, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, knee osteoarthritis, hip osteoarthritis, and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome were considered, with HV as the outcome.

Molecular and physiological characterizations of razor clam (Sinonovacula constricta) aquaporin genes AQP4 and AQP10 in response to low-salinity tolerance.

Aquaporins (AQPs) are a family of membrane proteins responsible for the selective transport of water molecules and other neutral metabolic substances across cell membranes. These proteins play a crucial role in osmoregulation, enabling marine bivalves to accommodate salinity fluctuations. However, the regulatory mechanism of AQPs in the razor clam (Sinonovacula constricta) under salinity stress remain unclear.

Photobiomodulation therapy for congenital color vision deficiency: results of a preliminary randomized clinical trial.

Purpose: This study presents a novel randomized controlled trial investigating photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy as an intervention method for color vision deficiency (CVD).

Methods: A total of 74 participants with CVD were assigned to either the PBM group or the control group. In the PBM group, participants wore virtual reality (VR) goggles twice daily, with a 12-h interval, over a four-week period.

Comparison of intravitreal anti-VEGF agents and oral carbonic anhydrase inhibitors in the treatment of cystoid macular edema secondary to retinitis pigmentosa.

Purpose: To compare the efficacy of intravitreal antivascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) agents with oral carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAIs) in treating cystoid macular edema (CME) secondary to retinitis pigmentosa (RP).

Methods: This retrospective study analyzed 98 patients (98 eyes) with RP-CME: 47 (48.0%) received intravitreal anti-VEGF agents (Ranibizumab or Bevacizumab) and 51 (52.

Cognitive risk and behaviour related to the effects of mobile phone use on sleep quality: an analysis of data from Chinese college students.

This study assessed the relationships among cognitive risk, phone use behaviors, and sleep quality. We used a questionnaire, which included the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), mobile phone use behaviours, and questionnaires on mobile phone use cognitive risk to gather information from 1204 college students. T-test, chi-square test, and Wilcoxon signed rank test were applied to test differences in measurement data.

Correction to: Triamcinolone Acetonide Protects Against Light-Induced Retinal Degeneration by Activating Anti-Inflammatory STAT6/Arg1 Signaling in Microglia.

Microglia are highly specialized resident macrophages in the central nervous system that play a pivotal role in modulating neuroinflammation. Microglial plasticity is essential for their function, allowing them to polarize into proinflammatory M1-like or anti-inflammatory M2-like phenotypes. However, the mechanisms driving M1 and M2 microglial induction during retinal degeneration remain largely unexplored.

Valleytronics: Fundamental Challenges and Materials Beyond Transition Metal Chalcogenides.

Valleytronics, harnessing the valley degree of freedom in the momentum space, is a potential energy-efficient approach for information encoding, manipulation, and storage. Valley degree of freedom exists in a few conventional semiconductors, but recently the emerging 2D materials, such as monolayer transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), are considered more ideal for valleytronics, due to the additional protection from spin-valley locking enabled by their inversion symmetry breaking and large spin-orbit coupling. However, current limitations in the valley lifetime, operation temperature, and light-valley conversion efficiency in existing materials encumber the practical applications of valleytronics.

In Situ Synthesis of CoMoO Microsphere@rGO as a Matrix for High-Performance Li-S Batteries at Room and Low Temperatures.

Lithium-sulfur batteries (Li-S batteries) have attracted wide attention due to their high theoretical energy density and the low cost of sulfur cathode material. However, the poor conductivity of the sulfur cathode, the polysulfide shuttle effect, and the slow redox kinetics severely affect their cycling performance and Coulombic efficiencies, especially under low-temperature conditions, where these effects are more exacerbated. To address these issues, this study designs and synthesizes a microspherical cobalt molybdate@reduced graphene oxide (CoMoO@rGO) composite material as the cathode material for Li-S batteries.

Causal Effects of Gastroesophageal Reflux on Chronic Rhinosinusitis: A Bidirectional Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study.

Introduction: Observational studies have shown a bidirectional association between gastroesophageal reflux (GER) and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) or chronic rhinitis (CR), but it is not clear whether this association is causal.

Objectives: This study was to investigate the causality between GER and CRS or CR using bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.

Methods: Using pooled data from large genome-wide association studies (GWAS), genetic loci independently associated with GER, CRS and CR in populations of European and American ancestry were selected as instrumental variables (IVs).

Metal chalcogenide electron extraction layers for nip-type tin-based perovskite solar cells.

Tin-based perovskite solar cells have garnered attention for their biocompatibility, narrow bandgap, and long thermal carrier lifetime. However, nip-type tin-based perovskite solar cells have underperformed largely due to the indiscriminate use of metal oxide electron transport layers originally designed for nip-type lead-based perovskite solar cells. Here, we reveal that this underperformance is caused by oxygen vacancies and deeper energy levels in metal oxide.

Research on therapeutic clinical trials including immunotherapy in triple-negative breast cancer: a bibliometric analysis.

Background: Breast cancer, particularly triple-negative (TNBC), is a leading malignancy with aggressive traits and high metastasis rates. Clinical trial is an important tool for optimizing therapeutic strategies in the evaluation of the safety and efficacy for TNBC. Our bibliometric study of TNBC clinical trials aims to assess therapeutic strategies, identify trends, and explore advancements in treatment.

Integrated network pharmacology and transcriptomics to reveal the mechanism of Passiflora against depressive disorder: An observational study.

Relevant studies have pointed out that Passiflora could relieve depressive disorder (DD) related symptoms, such as anxiety and insomnia, but its mechanism in DD has not been reported. In this study, DD-related transcriptome data was extracted from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Subsequently, 50 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened by "limma," and the enrichment analysis of these DEGs revealed that they were associated with neuro-inflammatory-related signaling pathways, including IL-17, TNF, NF-kappa B, etc signaling pathways.

Efficient removal of nanoplastics by iron-modified biochar: Understanding the removal mechanisms.

Tiny plastic particles, particularly nanoplastics, are becoming major threats to aquatic and biotic life owing to their unique physico-chemical characteristics. Thus, in the present work, biochar (BC) was fabricated using "Ulva prolifera green tide" as a biowaste raw material by slow pyrolysis technique to examine its potential in removing nanoplastics from the environment. The findings depicted that nanoplastics removal efficiency by BC was V-shaped with initial pH increased from 2 to 11, and the main removal mechanism changed from adsorption to heterogeneous aggregation between nanoplastics, biochar colloids, and leached substances from BC.

Biomimetic copper-containing nanogels for imaging-guided tumor chemo-chemodynamic-immunotherapy.

Developing multifunctional nanoplatforms to comprehensively modulate the tumor microenvironment and enhance diagnostic and therapeutic outcomes still remains a great challenge. Here, we report the facile construction of a multivariate nanoplatform based on cancer cell membrane (CM)-encapsulated redox-responsive poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) (PVCL) nanogels (NGs) co-loaded with Cu(II) and chemotherapeutic drug toyocamycin (Toy) for magnetic resonance (MR) imaging-guided combination tumor chemodynamic therapy/chemoimmunotherapy. We show that redox-responsive PVCL NGs formed through precipitation polymerization can be aminated, conjugated with 3,4-dihydroxyhydrocinnamic acid for Cu(II) complexation, physically loaded with Toy, and finally camouflaged with CMs.

Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-1 involves in CD8T cell exhaustion in glioblastoma via regulating tryptophan levels.

Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-1 (IDO-1) is an enzyme that catalyzes the metabolism of tryptophan (Trp). It is expressed in limited amounts in normal tissues but significantly upregulated during inflammation and infection. Various inflammatory factors, especially IFN-γ, can induce the expression of IDO-1.

β-1,4-Galactosyltransferase 1 protects against cerebral ischemia injury in mice by suppressing ferroptosis via the TAZ/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.

Background: Ischemic stroke leads a primary cause of mortality in human diseases, with a high disability rate worldwide. This study aims to investigate the function of β-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1 (B4galt1) in mouse brain ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury.

Methods: Recombinant human B4galt1 (rh-B4galt1) was intranasally administered to the mice model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)/reperfusion.

Glioblastoma-derived exosomes promote lipid accumulation and induce ferroptosis in dendritic cells via the NRF2/GPX4 pathway.

Glioblastoma-derived exosomes (GDEs), containing nucleic acids, proteins, fatty acids and other substances, perform multiple important functions in glioblastoma microenvironment. Tumor-derived exosomes serve as carriers of fatty acids and induce a shift in metabolism towards oxidative phosphorylation, thus driving immune dysfunction of dendritic cells (DCs). Lipid peroxidation is an important characteristic of ferroptosis.