Recent Progress in Oxygen Reduction Reaction Toward Hydrogen Peroxide Electrosynthesis and Cooperative Coupling of Anodic Reactions.

Electrosynthesis of hydrogen peroxide (HO) via two-electron oxygen reduction reaction (2e ORR) is a promising alternative to the anthraquinone oxidation process. To improve the overall energy efficiency and economic viability of this catalytic process, one pathway is to develop advanced catalysts to decrease the overpotential at the cathode, and the other is to couple 2e ORR with certain anodic reactions to decrease the full cell voltage while producing valuable chemicals on both electrodes. The catalytic performance of a 2e ORR catalyst depends not only on the material itself but also on the environmental factors.

Gradient Sodium Deficiency Optimization in O3-Type Cathode Materials for Superior Performance and Air Stability.

O3-type layered oxides are promising cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries due to their easy synthesis and high sodium content. However, complex phase transitions and poor air stability limit their practical applications. Introducing sodium deficiency suppresses reactions with air and improves phase stability, but often at the cost of significantly compromising the sodium storage capacity.

Evaluation of the reliability and validity of the health literacy scale for HPV vaccination among parents of girls aged 9-14.

To evaluate the reliability and validity of the Health Literacy Scale for HPV Vaccination among parents of girls aged 9-14. A total of 830 parents of girls in grades 3-8 were sampled using convenience sampling in March-April 2024 in a school in a district of Shanghai, China, and item analysis was conducted using the critical ratio method, the correlation coefficient method, and Cronbach's alpha coefficients; Cronbach's alpha coefficients, Spearman-Brown split-half coefficients, and re-test reliability correlation coefficients were used for reliability evaluation, and content validity and validity factor analysis for validity testing. The scale was analyzed by item analysis to remove one indicator: "Whether a doctor's advice affects vaccination," and the final version of the scale consisted of 34 items divided into three dimensions: medical services (11 items), disease prevention (15 items) and health promotion (8 items).

Recent advances in polysaccharide-dominated extracellular polymeric substances from microalgae: A review.

Microalgae are an environmentally friendly and sustainable alternative resource for future food and pharmaceutical production. Microalgal extracellular polymeric substances (EPMS) are polymers consisting of polysaccharides, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids secreted by microalgal cells. This review systematically summarizes the research progress of microalgal EPMS, including its composition, structure, formation, biological activity and application.

High-throughput Design of Single-atom Catalysts with Nonplanar and Triple Pyrrole-N Coordination for Highly Efficient HO Electrosynthesis.

Single-atom catalysts (SACs) with nonplanar configurations possess unique capabilities for tailoring the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalytic performance compared with the ones with planar configurations, owing to the additional orbital rearrangement arising from the asymmetric coordination atoms. However, the systematic investigation of these nonplanar SACs has long been hindered by the difficulty in screening feasible nonplanar configurations and precisely controlling the coordination structures. Herein, we demonstrate a combined high-throughput screening and experimental verification of nonplanar SACs (ppy-MN) with metal atoms triple-coordinated by pyrrole-N, for highly active and selective 2e ORR electrocatalysis.

[Quality analysis of Xueshuan Xinmaining Tablets and Capsules based on UPLC-Q/TOF-MS and UPLC-QQQ-MS/MS].

Xueshuan Xinmaining Tablets and Capsules are two Chinese patent medicines with the same prescription, different preparation methods but the same function of replenishing Qi, activating blood, opening orifices, and relieving pain. Xueshuan Xinmaining Capsules were qualitatively analyzed by UPLC-Q/TOF-MS for the first time, and 61 compounds were identified, including 9 phenolic acids, 10 bufadienolides, 15 saponins, 5 bile acids, and 22 other compounds. The chemical composition was slightly different between Xueshuan Xinmaining Tablets and Capsules.

Clinical outcomes of Omicron infection and vaccine acceptance among pediatric liver transplant recipients: insights from a cross-sectional survey.

Objectives: Our study aims to explore the clinical characteristics of Omicron infection in pediatric liver transplant recipients (PLTRs), after the national COVID-19 outbreak. Additionally, we will investigate changes in vaccine coverage and parental attitudes towards vaccinating their children after this current outbreak.

Methods: We conducted a web-based questionnaire survey to gather information on Omicron infection, vaccination status, and guardian attitude among PLTRs.

Interface engineering enabling thin lithium metal electrodes down to 0.78 μm for garnet-type solid-state batteries.

Controllable engineering of thin lithium (Li) metal is essential for increasing the energy density of solid-state batteries and clarifying the interfacial evolution mechanisms of a lithium metal negative electrode. However, fabricating a thin lithium electrode faces significant challenges due to the fragility and high viscosity of Li metal. Herein, through facile treatment of Ta-doped LiLaZrO (LLZTO) with trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, its surface LiCO species is converted into a lithiophilic layer with LiCFSO and LiF components.

Medicaid Expansion and Overall Survival of Lower Gastrointestinal Cancer Patients After Cytoreductive Surgery and Heated Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy.

Background: In the United States, often only tertiary centers offer cytoreductive surgery and heated intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CRS+HIPEC) for peritoneal metastases in advanced lower gastrointestinal malignancies. Growing evidence shows that Medicaid expansion under the Affordable Care Act (ACA) of 2010 enhanced healthcare access and outcomes.

Objective: We sought to determine whether Medicaid expansion was associated with decreased all-cause mortality of lower gastrointestinal cancer patients following CRS+HIPEC.

Exploring Porphyridium purpureum and Porphyridium aerugineum as alternative resources for phycobiliprotein production.

Microalgae not only fix carbon dioxide, but also represent a promising alternative resource for the production of proteins, lipids, and polysaccharides. This study employed two Porphyridium strains to compare their responses under different light qualities. P.

The next challenge in emissions control for heavy-duty diesel vehicles: From NO to NO.

Vehicle emissions are a major source of greenhouse gases globally. Dual selective catalytic reduction (SCR), an advanced version of single SCR, is crucial under stricter nitrogen oxide (NO) emission standards for heavy-duty diesel vehicles (HDDVs). However, the emission characteristics of nitrous oxide (NO), a byproduct of SCR and a potent greenhouse gas, remain unclear.

Carnitine is a friend in HFpEF and foe in HFrEF.

Heart failure (HF) is a global concern, particularly HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), lacking effective treatments. Understanding the differences of metabolic profiles between HFpEF and HFrEF (heart failure with reduced ejection fraction) patients is crucial for therapeutic advancements. In this study, pseudotargeted metabolomics was employed to analyze for disparities of plasma metabolic profiles between HFpEF and HFrEF in two cohorts: discovery ( = 514) and validation ( = 3368).

Dual Active Sites with Charge-asymmetry in Organic Semiconductors Promoting C-C Coupling for Highly Efficient CO Photoreduction to Ethanol.

Selective CO photoreduction into high-energy-density and high-value-added C products is an ideal strategy to achieve carbon neutrality and energy shortage, but it is still highly challenging due to the large energy barrier of the C-C coupling step and severe exciton annihilation in photocatalysts. Herein, strong and localized charge polarization is successfully induced on the surface of melon-based organic semiconductors by creating dual active sites with a large charge asymmetry. Confirmed by multiscale characterization and theoretical simulations, such asymmetric charge distribution, originated from the oxygen dopants and nitrogen vacancies over melon-based organic semiconductors, reduces exciton binding energy and boosts exciton dissociation.

Long-term PS micro/nano-plastic exposure: Particle size effects on hepatopancreas injury in Parasesarma pictum.

With the widespread use of plastic products, microplastics and nanoplastics have emerged as prevalent pollutants in coastal aquatic ecosystems. Parasesarma pictum, a common estuarine crab species, was selected as a model organism. P.

Identification of early predictive biomarkers for severe cytokine release syndrome in pediatric patients with chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy.

CAR-T cell therapy is a revolutionary new treatment for hematological malignancies, but it can also result in significant adverse effects, with cytokine release syndrome (CRS) being the most common and potentially life-threatening. The identification of biomarkers to predict the severity of CRS is crucial to ensure the safety and efficacy of CAR-T therapy. To achieve this goal, we characterized the expression profiles of seven cytokines, four conventional biochemical markers, and five hematological markers prior to and following CAR-T cell infusion.

Integrin A5B1-mediated endocytosis of polystyrene nanoplastics: Implications for human lung disease and therapeutic targets.

The extensive use of plastic products has exacerbated micro/nanoplastic (MPs/NPs) pollution in the atmosphere, increasing the incidence of respiratory diseases and lung cancer. This study investigates the uptake and cytotoxicity mechanisms of polystyrene (PS) NPs in human lung epithelial cells. Transcriptional analysis revealed significant changes in cell adhesion pathways following PS-NPs exposure.

Low-temperature de-alloying and unique self-filling interface optimization mechanism of layered silicon for enhanced lithium storage.

Layered silicon (L-Si) anodes are celebrated for their high theoretical capacity but face significant challenges regarding safety and material purity during preparation. This study addresses these challenges by employing NHCl-CaSi as the raw material in a gas-solid de-alloying process, which enhances both safety and purity compared to traditional methods. The L-Si anodes produced demonstrate outstanding electrochemical performance, delivering a high reversible lithium storage capacity of 1497.

A Computation-Guided Design of Highly Defined and Dense Bimetallic Active Sites on a Two-Dimensional Conductive Metal-Organic Framework for Efficient HO Electrosynthesis.

Electrochemical synthesis of hydrogen peroxide (HO) via the two-electron oxygen reduction reaction (2e-ORR) provides an alternative method to the energy-intensive anthraquinone method. Metal macrocycles with precise coordination are widely used for 2e-ORR electrocatalysis, but they have to be commonly loaded on conductive substrates, thus exposing a large number of 2e-ORR-inactive sites that result in poor HO production rate and efficiency. Herein, guided by first-principle predictions, a substrate-free and two-dimensional conductive metal-organic framework (Ni-TCPP(Co)), composed of CoN sites in porphine(Co) centers and NiO nodes, is designed as a multi-site catalyst for HO electrosynthesis.

Fragmentation of care in breast cancer: greater than the sum of its parts.

Introduction: Fragmentation of care (FC, the receipt of care at > 1 institution) has been shown to negatively impact cancer outcomes. Given the multimodal nature of breast cancer treatment, we sought to identify factors associated with FC and its effects on survival of breast cancer patients.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed of surgically treated, stage I-III breast cancer patients in the 2004-2020 National Cancer Database, excluding neoadjuvant therapy recipients.