One-shot neuroanatomy segmentation through online data augmentation and confidence aware pseudo label.

Recently, deep learning-based brain segmentation methods have achieved great success. However, most approaches focus on supervised segmentation, which requires many high-quality labeled images. In this paper, we pay attention to one-shot segmentation, aiming to learn from one labeled image and a few unlabeled images.

Secretion of IFN-γ by specific T cells in HCMV infection.

One major risk for recipients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplants (allo-HSCTs) is infection with the human cytomegalovirus (HCMV). For HCMV treatment, it is especially crucial to be able to differentiate between recipients who are at high risk of reactivation and those who are not. In this study, HCMV-DNA was collected from 60 HLA-A*02 allo-HSCT recipients before and after transplantation.

Quantile difference estimation with censoring indicators missing at random.

In this paper, we define estimators of distribution functions when the data are right-censored and the censoring indicators are missing at random, and establish their strong representations and asymptotic normality. Besides, based on empirical likelihood method, we define maximum empirical likelihood estimators and smoothed log-empirical likelihood ratios of two-sample quantile difference in the presence and absence of auxiliary information, respectively, and prove their asymptotic distributions. Simulation study and real data analysis are conducted to investigate the finite sample behavior of the proposed methods.

Prospects of Cytomegalovirus-Specific T-Cell Receptors in Clinical Diagnosis and Therapy.

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is responsible for widespread infections worldwide. In immunocompetent individuals it is typically latent, while infection or reactivation in immunocompromised individuals can result in severe clinical symptoms or even death. Although there has been significant progress in the treatment and diagnosis of HCMV infection in recent years, numerous shortcomings and developmental limitations persist.

Autonomous Robotic Ultrasound Vascular Imaging System With Decoupled Control Strategy for External-Vision-Free Environments.

Objective: Ultrasound (US) probes scan over the surface of the human body to acquire US images in clinical vascular US diagnosis. However, due to the deformation and specificity of different human surfaces, the relationship between the scan trajectory of the skin and the internal tissues is not fully correlated, which poses a challenge for autonomous robotic US imaging in a dynamic and external-vision-free environment. Here, we propose a decoupled control strategy for autonomous robotic vascular US imaging in an environment without external vision.

Reactivation of occult hepatitis B virus infection in a renal transplant recipient.

We report a case of hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation in a renal transplant recipient. Reactivation manifested as an occult infection with detectable HBV-DNA and negativity for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). The anti-HBs antibody titre was above the protective threshold and continued to rise, to 951.

Augmented reality navigation with ultrasound-assisted point cloud registration for percutaneous ablation of liver tumors.

Purpose: We present a novel augmented reality (AR) surgical navigation method with ultrasound-assisted point cloud registration for percutaneous ablation of liver tumors. A preliminary study is carried out to verify its feasibility.

Methods: Two three-dimensional (3D) point clouds of the liver surface are derived from the preoperative images and intraoperative tracked US images, respectively.

Spatiotemporal reconstruction method of carotid artery ultrasound from freehand sonography.

Purpose: 4D reconstruction based on radiation-free ultrasound can provide valuable information about the anatomy. Current 4D US technologies are either faced with limited field-of-view (FoV), technical complications, or cumbersome setups. This paper proposes a spatiotemporal US reconstruction framework to enhance its ability to provide dynamic structure information.

An accurate 3D augmented reality navigation system with enhanced autostereoscopic display for oral and maxillofacial surgery.

Background: Oral and maxillofacial surgery demands high precision navigation to achieve optimal surgical outcomes. Augmented reality (AR) has been a promising solution for intuitive and accurate guidance, whereas existing systems have room for improvement.

Methods: We propose a high quality and accurate in situ AR navigation system.

Seroprevalence of AIH-related autoantibodies in patients with acute hepatitis E viral infection: a prospective case-control study in China.

The seroprevalenc of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH)-related antibodies in patients, particularly Asians, with acute hepatitis E (AHE) is unclear. In this study, we investigated whether acute hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is associated with the seroprevalence of AIH-related autoantibodies and assessed their impact on the disease characteristics. AIH-related autoantibodies were detected by indirect immunofluorescence in 198 AHE patients and 50 type 1 AIH patients.

Risk Factors Analysis for Human Cytomegalovirus Viremia in Donor+/Recipient+ Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation.

Objective: To assess the rate of, and risk factors for, human cytomegalovirus viremia (HCMV) in donor+/recipient+ (HCMV serostatus matched) hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT) recipients.

Methods: HCMV DNA from 144 donor+/recipient+ HSCT recipients was examined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR).

Results: The cumulative incidence of HCMV viremia was 69.

Relationship between T-cell receptor beta chain sequences and human cytomegalovirus infection in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.

In the present study, clonal amplifications of T-cell receptor β variable (TCR BV) linked to human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection were detected in recipients of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplants (HSCT), and certain relationships between them were identified. Furthermore, the relationship between TCR BV sequences and HCMV infections was investigated. The results indicated that the 3 recipients of HSCT had monoclonal expansion of specific TCR BV clones following HSCT.

[T cell receptor β-chain CDR3 spectratyping and cytomegalovirus activation in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients].

To explore the association between T-cell receptor beta variable (TCR BV) complementarity determining region 3 (CDR3) spectratyping and CMV activation in the recipients of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Fluorescence quantitative PCR melting curve analysis was used to sequence 24 TCR BV families in 7 HSCT recipients and 3 healthy controls. CMV-pp65 antigenemia was measured by immunohistochemical staining.

Herpesvirus infections in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients seropositive for human cytomegalovirus before transplantation.

Background: Viral infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). The effect of herpesvirus infections in human cytomegalovirus (HCMV)-seropositive (IgG-positive/IgM-negative) HSCT recipients remains poorly understood. The risk factors associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), HCMV, and human herpes virus type 6 (HHV-6) infections after HSCT, both alone and in combination, were investigated in this study.

Preliminary exploration of HLA-A 1101-restricted human cytomegalovirus glycoprotein B-specific CD8⁺ T cells in allogeneic stem-cell transplant recipients.

T-cell responses directed against human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) glycoprotein B (gB) contribute to protective immunity against HCMV infection in both animal models and humans. However, the gB-specific human CD8(+) T cell responses remain poorly understood. gB antigen-specific CD8(+) T cells were stained with seven major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-peptide pentamers in 16 human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A 1101-positive, HCMV-seropositive patients following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).

Evaluation of human cytomegalovirus-specific CD8+ T-cells in allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients using pentamer and interferon-γ-enzyme-linked immunospot assays.

Background: Reactivation of latent human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a frequent complication following allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Evaluation of the quantity and function of HCMV-specific CD8+ T-cell responses after HSCT may play a crucial role in the prevention of HCMV reactivation.

Objectives: To investigate the mechanism of HCMV-specific T-cell immune responses after HSCT in HCMV-specific CD8+ T cells.