Deformation-induced grain boundary segregation in a powder-metallurgy ultrafine-grained MoNbTaTiV refractory high-entropy alloy.

A powder-metallurgy MoNbTaTiV refractory high-entropy alloy synthesized by mechanical alloying (MA) and spark plasma sintering was subjected to hot deformations at different temperatures and strain rates. The microstructural morphologies were characterized, and component element segregation was elucidated. With grain refinement and lattice strain increase, the large inhomogeneous milled powder became refined and homogeneous after the MA.

Nintedanib Mitigates Radiation-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis by Suppressing Epithelial Cell Inflammatory Response and Inhibiting Fibroblast-to-Myofibroblast Transition.

Radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis (RIPF) represents a serious complication observed in individuals undergoing thoracic radiation therapy. Currently, effective interventions for RIPF are unavailable. Prior research has demonstrated that nintedanib, a Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved anti-fibrotic agent for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, exerts therapeutic effects on chronic fibrosing interstitial lung disease.

Advancements in osteosarcoma management: integrating immune microenvironment insights with immunotherapeutic strategies.

Osteosarcoma, a malignant bone tumor predominantly affecting children and adolescents, presents significant therapeutic challenges, particularly in metastatic or recurrent cases. Conventional surgical and chemotherapeutic approaches have achieved partial therapeutic efficacy; however, the prognosis for long-term survival remains bleak. Recent studies have highlighted the imperative for a comprehensive exploration of the osteosarcoma immune microenvironment, focusing on the integration of diverse immunotherapeutic strategies-including immune checkpoint inhibitors, tumor microenvironment modulators, cytokine therapies, tumor antigen-specific interventions, cancer vaccines, cellular therapies, and antibody-based treatments-that are directly pertinent to modulating this intricate microenvironment.

New Constraints on Exotic Spin-Spin-Velocity-Dependent Interactions with Solid-State Quantum Sensors.

We report new experimental results on exotic spin-spin-velocity-dependent interactions between electron spins. We designed an elaborate setup that is equipped with two nitrogen-vacancy (NV) ensembles in diamonds. One of the NV ensembles serves as the spin source, while the other functions as the spin sensor.

AQP8 Modulates Mitochondrial HO Transport to Influence Glioma Proliferation.

Background: Aquaporin-8 (AQP8) is involved in impacting glioma proliferation and can effect tumour growth by regulating Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) signalling levels. In addition to transporting HO, AQP8 has been shown to affect ROS signaling, but evidence is lacking in gliomas. In this study, we aimed to investigate how AQP8 affects ROS signaling in gliomas.

Improved Limits on an Exotic Spin- and Velocity-Dependent Interaction at the Micrometer Scale with an Ensemble-NV-Diamond Magnetometer.

Searching for exotic interactions provides a path for exploring new particles beyond the standard model. Here, we used an ensemble-NV-diamond magnetometer to search for an exotic spin- and velocity-dependent interaction between polarized electron spins and unpolarized nucleons at the micrometer scale. A thin layer of nitrogen-vacancy electronic spin ensemble in diamond is utilized as both the solid-state spin quantum sensor and the polarized electron source, and a vibrating lead sphere serves as the moving unpolarized nucleon source.

Upregulation of FAM50A promotes cancer development.

FAM50A encodes a nuclear protein involved in mRNA processing; however, its role in cancer development remains unclear. Herein, we conducted an integrative pan-cancer analysis using The Cancer Genome Atlas, Genotype-Tissue Expression, and the Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium databases. Based on the gene expression data from TCGA and GTEx databases, we compared FAM50A mRNA levels in 33 types of human cancer tissues to those in corresponding normal tissues and found that FAM50A mRNA level was upregulated in 20 of the 33 types of common cancer tissues.

The application and research progress of anti-angiogenesis therapy in tumor immunotherapy.

Tumor immunotherapy, as the focus of scientific research and clinical tumor treatment in recent years, has received extensive attention. Due to its remarkable curative effect and fewer side effects than traditional treatments, it has significant clinical benefits for the treatment of various advanced cancers and can improve cancer patient survival in the long term. Currently, most patients cannot benefit from immunotherapy, and some patients may experience tumor recurrence and drug resistance even if they achieve remission overcome.

New constraints on exotic spin-dependent interactions with an ensemble-NV-diamond magnetometer.

Laboratory search of exotic interactions is crucial for exploring physics beyond the standard model. We report new experimental constraints on two exotic spin-dependent interactions at the micrometer scale based on ensembles of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond. A thin layer of NV electronic spin ensembles is synthesized as the solid-state spin quantum sensor, and a lead sphere is taken as the interacting nucleon source.

AQP8 may affect glioma proliferation and growth by regulating GSK-3β phosphorylation and nuclear transport of β-catenin.

Purpose: The purpose of this work is to examine the impact of AQP8 on the proliferation and development of human glioma cell lines A172 and U251 and to determine if aquaporin 8 (AQP8) is associated with GSK-3β phosphorylation and nuclear transport of β-catenin in the Wnt signaling pathway.

Methods: AQP8 knockdown cell lines were constructed using a CRISPR/Cas9 double vector lentivirus infection. SAM/dCas9 was used to construct AQP8 overexpression cell lines and the CV084 lentivirus vector was used to construct AQP8 rescue cell lines.

The association between financial support of adult children to their parents and informal care provision in China and its differences in household registration, residence arrangement and community-based care services: 2008 ~ 2018.

Background: The changes in demographic and family structures have weakened the traditional norms of filial piety and intergenerational relationships dramatically. This study aims to examine the dynamic association between financial support of adult children to their parents and informal care provision in China and its differences in household registration, residence arrangement and community-based care services.

Methods: Data was derived from the 2008-2018 Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS), which is a longitudinal survey of a nationally representative sample of individuals aged 60 and over.

Upregulation of TUBG1 expression promotes hepatocellular carcinoma development.

Tubulin γ-1 (TUBG1) is a highly conserved component of the centrosome and its deregulation is involved in the development of several types of cancer. However, the role of TUBG1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear. In this study, we found that TUBG1 was upregulated in human HCC cells and tissues and that TUBG1 upregulation was associated with promoter hypomethylation in HCC tissues.

Association between mild cognitive impairment and falls among Chinese older adults: the mediating roles of balance capacity and depressive symptoms.

Background: This study aimed to examine the association between mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and the follow-up risk of falls among Chinese older adults, exploring the mediating roles of balance capacity and depressive symptoms in the association between MCI and falls.

Methods: A total of 5482 adults aged 60 years and above from waves 2015 and 2018 of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study were included for analysis. Cognition was assessed by a global cognition score, which included three tests: episodic memory, figure drawing and Telephone Interview of Cognitive Status.

Increased Expression of NXPH4 Correlates with Immune Cell Infiltration and Unfavorable Prognosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading malignant carcinomas. Despite the advancement in the treatment for HCC, such as precise hepatectomy, radiotherapy, transarterial therapies, chemotherapy, targeted treatments, and immunotherapy, the 5-year overall survival rate of HCC is extremely low. Hence, novel biomarkers are urgently needed for advancing the therapy and prognosis of HCC.

Understanding the effect of retirement on health behaviors in China: Causality, heterogeneity and time-varying effect.

Retirement is an important turning point during the course of life, but few studies have examined the effects of retirement on a broad range of health behaviors in China. We use the longitudinal data of the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) from 2004 to 2015 to conduct empirical analysis. Fuzzy discontinuity regression was used to assess the association between retirement and health behaviors in the entire sample and subgroups based on gender and education.

The association between reproductive history and the multidimensional health of older adults in rural China and its gender differences: Evidence from the Chinese longitudinal healthy longevity survey.

Background: Few studies have examined the association between reproductive history and the multidimensional health of older adults with more diverse reproductive histories and poorer health status in rural China. The purpose of this study is to explore the effect of parity, sex ratio of children and late childbearing on multidimensional health and its gender differences.

Methods: The analytical sample consisted of 3,377 older adults in rural China who participated in the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) in 2018.

Optimism and survival: health behaviors as a mediator-a ten-year follow-up study of Chinese elderly people.

Background: Optimism-the generalized expectation that good things will happen-is a promising health asset. Mounting evidence indicates that there are specific associations between optimism and survival rates. However, for public health purposes, it is critical to consider whether the relationship between optimism and survival holds for older adults as a whole and to explore the role of health behaviors as potential mediators.

The association between falls and anxiety among elderly Chinese individuals: The mediating roles of functional ability and social participation.

Background: Elderly individuals who experience falls suffer from higher levels of anxiety because of physical or mental injury. This study examined the association between falls and anxiety among elderly Chinese individuals. It also explored the mediating roles of functional ability and social participation in the link between falls and anxiety.

Ultrasonic Interfacial Engineering of MoS -Modified Zn Single-Atom Catalysts for Efficient Osteomyelitis Sonodynamic Ion Therapy.

Osteomyelitis is considered as the most serious bone infection, which can lead to the bone destruction or fatal sepsis. Clinical treatments through frequent antibiotics administration and surgical debridement bring inevitable side effects including drug-resistance and disfigurements. It is urgent to develop an antibiotics-free and rapid strategy to treat osteomyelitis.

The Association between Widowhood and Cognitive Function among Chinese Elderly People: Do Gender and Widowhood Duration Make a Difference?

Few studies have examined the effects of widowhood on cognitive function in Chinese elderly individuals. We conducted a longitudinal study to assess the association between widowhood and cognitive function and further explored gender differences in this association and the impact of widowhood duration. The analytical sample consisted of 5872 Chinese elderly people who participated in the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) and were followed up from 2005 to 2014.

Novel compound heterozygous mutations of DNAH5 identified in a pediatric patient with Kartagener syndrome: case report and literature review.

Background: Kartagener syndrome is a subtype of primary ciliary dyskinesia that may exhibit various symptoms including neonatal respiratory distress and frequent infections of the lung, sinus and middle ear because of the impaired function of motile cilia. In addition to typical symptoms of primary ciliary dyskinesia, patients with Kartagener syndrome also show situs inversus. It is an autosomal recessive disorder which is mostly caused by mutations in DNAH5.

Regulation of macrophage polarization through surface topography design to facilitate implant-to-bone osteointegration.

Proper immune responses are critical for successful biomaterial implantation. Here, four scales of honeycomb-like TiO structures were custom made on titanium (Ti) substrates to investigate cellular behaviors of RAW 264.7 macrophages and their immunomodulation on osteogenesis.

Curcumin Modulates the Crosstalk Between Macrophages and Bone Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Ameliorate Osteogenesis.

Bone healing is thought to be influenced by the cross-talk between bone forming and immune cells. In particular, macrophages play a crucial role in the regulation of osteogenesis. Curcumin, the major bioactive polyphenolic ingredient of turmeric, has been shown to regulate inflammatory response and osteogenic activities.

Repositioning Drugs on Human Influenza A Viruses Based on a Novel Nuclear Norm Minimization Method.

Influenza A viruses, especially H3N2 and H1N1 subtypes, are viruses that often spread among humans and cause influenza pandemic. There have been several big influenza pandemics that have caused millions of human deaths in history, and the threat of influenza viruses to public health is still serious nowadays due to the frequent antigenic drift and antigenic shift events. However, only few effective anti-flu drugs have been developed to date.