Comparative Analysis of miRNA Expression Profiles of Yak Milk-Derived Exosomes at Different Altitudes.

Yaks are a rare and unique animal species inhabiting the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau; they are renowned for their remarkable ability to thrive in harsh environments. Milk-derived exosomes, tiny vesicles containing various biological molecules, play crucial roles in numerous pathological and physiological processes, including cell growth, development, and immune regulation. This study delved into the microRNA expression profiles of yak milk-derived exosomes collected from both high- and low-altitude populations using small RNA sequencing.

Advancements in the Application of scRNA-Seq in Breast Research: A Review.

Single-cell sequencing technology provides apparent advantages in cell population heterogeneity, allowing individuals to better comprehend tissues and organs. Sequencing technology is currently moving beyond the standard transcriptome to the single-cell level, which is likely to bring new insights into the function of breast cells. In this study, we examine the primary cell types involved in breast development, as well as achievements in the study of scRNA-seq in the microenvironment, stressing the finding of novel cell subsets using single-cell approaches and analyzing the problems and solutions to scRNA-seq.

Polymorphisms of Gene and Their Correlation with Immune Indicators in Yaks ().

Yaks are crucial to local herders' economy and agriculture. However, several diseases pose a significant threat to the health of yaks and cause substantial economic losses for herders. Therefore, studying the immune indicators and breeding of yaks has become an important task.

The effects of different doses of compound enzyme preparations on the production performance, meat quality and rumen microorganisms of yak were studied by metagenomics and transcriptomics.

Yak () is a large ruminant endemic to the Tibetan plateau. The addition of enzyme complexes to feed can significantly improve their growth performance. Therefore, studying the effects of ruminant compound enzyme preparations dosage on yak rumen microorganisms and production performance is crucial to promoting the development of the yak industry.

Lnc-MEG8 regulates yak myoblast differentiation via the miR-22-3p/RTL1 axis.

Background: The yak (Bos grunniens) is essential to the livelihoods of Tibetan people on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau; however, its growth and productivity are constrained by the region's harsh climate and high altitude. Yak skeletal muscle myoblasts, which have evolved to thrive under these challenging conditions, offer a valuable model for investigating muscle development. In this study, we performed transcriptome profiling of yak longissimus dorsi muscle at different growth stages, identifying a key long non-coding RNA, LncRNA-XR_314844 (Lnc-MEG8), with a potential role in muscle development.

Quantitative Proteomic Analysis Reveals Key Proteins Involved in Testicular Development of Yaks.

Male reproductive health is largely determined already in the early development of the testis. Although much work has been carried out to study the mechanisms of testicular development and spermatogenesis, there was previously no information on the differences in the protein composition of yak testicles during early development. In this study, the protein profiles in the testicles of 6- (M6), 18- (M18), and 30-month-old (M30) yaks were comparatively analyzed using TMT proteomics.

Polymorphisms within the Gene of Gannan Yaks and Their Association with Milk Quality Characteristics.

Yak milk, known as the "liquid gold", is a nutritious food with extensive consumption. Compared with cow milk, yak milk contains higher levels of nutrients such as dry matter, milk fat, and milk protein, which demonstrates great potential for exploitation and utilization. Protein kinase cGMP-dependent 1 () is an important functional molecule in the cGMP signaling pathway, and its significant influence on milk fatty acids has been discovered.

Polymorphisms of Gene and Their Correlation with Milk Quality Traits in Yak ().

A single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) is a genome-level trait that arises from a variation in a single nucleotide, leading to diversity in DNA sequences. SNP screening is commonly used to provide candidate genes for yak breeding efforts. Integrin Subunit Alpha 9 () is an integrin protein.

Comprehensive analysis of differentially expressed mRNAs, circRNAs, and miRNAs and their ceRNA network in the testis of cattle-yak, yak, and cattle.

Cattle-yak is a hybrid offspring resulting from the crossbreeding of yak and cattle, and it exhibits substantial heterosis in production performance. However, male sterility in cattle-yak remains a concern. Reports suggest that noncoding RNAs are involved in the regulation of spermatogenesis.

Serum Metabolomic Analysis of Synchronous Estrus in Yaks Based on UPLC-Q-TOF MS Technology.

The yak is a unique species of livestock found in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and its surrounding areas. Due to factors such as late sexual maturity and a low rate of estrus, its reproductive efficiency is relatively low. The process of estrus synchronization in yaks plays a crucial role in enhancing their reproductive success and ensuring the continuation of their species.

Integrative analysis of Iso-Seq and RNA-seq data reveals transcriptome complexity and differential isoform in skin tissues of different hair length Yak.

Background: The hair follicle development process is regulated by sophisticated genes and signaling networks, and the hair grows from the hair follicle. The Tianzhu white yak population exhibits differences in hair length, especially on the forehead and shoulder region. However, the genetic mechanism is still unclear.

Complete characterization of the yak testicular development using accurate full-length transcriptome sequencing.

Alternative splicing is a prevalent phenomenon in testicular tissues. Due to the low assembly accuracy of short-read RNA sequencing technology in analyzing post-transcriptional regulatory events, full-length (FL) transcript sequencing is highly demanded to accurately determine FL splicing variants. In this study, we performed FL transcriptome sequencing of testicular tissues from 0.

Genetic diversity, phylogeography, and maternal origin of yak (Bos grunniens).

Background: There is no consensus as to the origin of the domestic yak (Bos grunniens). Previous studies on yak mitochondria mainly focused on mitochondrial displacement loop (D-loop), a region with low phylogenetic resolution. Here, we analyzed the entire mitochondrial genomes of 509 yaks to obtain greater phylogenetic resolution and a comprehensive picture of geographical diversity.

Age-dependent changes in the expression and localization of LYZL4, LYZL6 and PCNA during testicular development in the Ashidan yak.

Lysozyme like 4 (LYZL4), lysozyme like 6 (LYZL6) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) are implicated in the regulation of testicular function, but there was no research reported available on the expression patterns of , and genes at different developmental stages of yak testes. In this study, we used the qRT-PCR, western blotting and immunohistochemistry estimated the , and gene expression and protein lo-calization at different developmental stages of yak testes. The qPCR results showed that the mRNA expression of , and genes significantly increased with age in the testes of yaks.

Identification of circRNA-associated ceRNA networks in the longissimus dorsi of yak under different feeding systems.

Background: Yaks (Bos grunniens), prized for their ability to thrive in high-altitude environments, are indispensable livestock in the plateau region. Modifying their feeding systems holds significant promise for improving their growth and meat quality. Tenderness, a key determinant of yak meat quality and consumer appeal, is demonstrably influenced by dietary regimen.