[Effect of Nitrification Inhibitors on Soil Nitrogen Dynamics and Microbial Community Structure in Aerated Paddy Field].

The aim of this study was to clarify the effects of nitrification inhibitors on the dynamic changes in the nitrogen and microbial community in paddy soil under aerated irrigation by using the indica hybrid rice Zhongzheyou 8 as experimental material. A trial with three treatments was conducted in 2023： conventional flooding irrigation （CF）, micro-nano bubble water aeration irrigation （MB）, and micro-nano bubble water aeration irrigation combined with nitrification inhibitor （MBNI）. The effects of nitrification inhibitors on the contents of NH-N and NO-N and the apparent nitrification rate of soil under aerated irrigation were analyzed, as well as the characteristics of bacterial community diversity and its correlation with soil chemical factors.

Isolation of the inorganic phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria Lysinibacillus sphaericus and assessing its role in promoting rice growth.

Soluble phosphorus scarcity severely limits plant growth and crop yield. In this study, a strain of inorganic phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria, Lysinibacillus sphaericus, was isolated from rice rhizosphere soil. The available phosphorus content in liquid inorganic phosphorus identification medium and in L.

Interplay Impact of Exogenous Application of Abscisic Acid (ABA) and Brassinosteroids (BRs) in Rice Growth, Physiology, and Resistance under Sodium Chloride Stress.

The hormonal imbalances, including abscisic acid (ABA) and brassinosteroid (BR) levels, caused by salinity constitute a key factor in hindering spikelet development in rice and in reducing rice yield. However, the effects of ABA and BRs on spikelet development in plants subjected to salinity stress have been explored to only a limited extent. In this research, the effect of ABA and BRs on rice growth characteristics and the development of spikelets under different salinity levels were investigated.

Unearthing the Alleviatory Mechanisms of Brassinolide in Cold Stress in Rice.

Cold stress inhibits rice germination and seedling growth. Brassinolide (BR) plays key roles in plant growth, development, and stress responses. In this study, we explored the underlying mechanisms whereby BR helps alleviate cold stress in rice seedlings.

[Research advance in the roles of water-nitrogen-oxygen factors in mediating rice growth, photosynthesis and nitrogen utilization in paddy soils.].

Water and nitrogen are two important factors controlling rice growth and development. Suitable water-nitrogen interaction can alter nitrogen forms and oxygen environmental factors via regulating water content in the rhizosphere of paddy soil, promote the construction of root morphology, improve leaf photosynthesis and the allocation equilibrium of the photosynthetic products between the source and sink organs, and consequently increase rice population quality and grain yield. The microbial regulation mechanisms driven by the environmental factors ( water, nitrogen and oxygen) also play an important role in improving nitrogen utilization efficiency in rice-soil system.

Effects of nitric oxide on nitrogen metabolism and the salt resistance of rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings with different salt tolerances.

Salt stress inhibits rice productivity seriously. Nitric oxide (NO) is an endogenous signaling molecule in plants that can improve the resistance of rice to abiotic stresses. Previous studies also showed that nitrogen metabolism is essential for rice stress-tolerance.

Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate enhances the growth and morpho-physiological characteristics of rice cultivars by mitigating the ethylene accumulation under salinity stress.

Salinity-induced ethylene accumulation caused by high production of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) hinders rice plant growth and development. Nevertheless, ACC deaminase may alleviate salt stress and high ethylene production in rice cultivars under salinity stress. Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP), an ACC deaminase co-factor, could be a useful ACC inhibitor in plants; however, it has not been studied before.

1-Methylcyclopropene Modulates Physiological, Biochemical, and Antioxidant Responses of Rice to Different Salt Stress Levels.

Salt stress in soil is a critical constraint that affects the production of rice. Salt stress hinders plant growth through osmotic stress, ionic stress, and a hormonal imbalance (especially ethylene), therefore, thoughtful efforts are needed to devise salt tolerance management strategies. 1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) is an ethylene action inhibitor, which could significantly reduce ethylene production in crops and fruits.

iTRAQ-Based Protein Profiling and Biochemical Analysis of Two Contrasting Rice Genotypes Revealed Their Differential Responses to Salt Stress.

Salt stress is one of the key abiotic stresses causing huge productivity losses in rice. In addition, the differential sensitivity to salinity of different rice genotypes during different growth stages is a major issue in mitigating salt stress in rice. Further, information on quantitative proteomics in rice addressing such an issue is scarce.

Variability of leaf photosynthetic characteristics in rice and its relationship with resistance to water stress under different nitrogen nutrition regimes.

The negative effects of water stress on rice can be alleviated by NH nutrition. However, the effects of mixed nitrogen (N) nutrition (NO  + NH ) on resistance to water stress are still not well known. To investigate the response of rice growth to water stress and its relationship with photosynthetic characteristics, a hydroponic experiment supplying different N forms was conducted.

Ammonium uptake and metabolism alleviate PEG-induced water stress in rice seedlings.

Ammonium (NH) can enhance the water stress induced drought tolerance of rice seedlings in comparison to nitrate (NO) nutrition. To investigate the mechanism involved in nitrogen (N) uptake, N metabolism and transcript abundance of associated genes, a hydroponic experiment was conducted in which different N sources were supplied to seedlings growing under water stress. Compared to nitrate, ammonium prevented water stress-induced biomass, leaf SPAD and photosynthesis reduction to a significantly larger extent.

Nitrogen Metabolism in Adaptation of Photosynthesis to Water Stress in Rice Grown under Different Nitrogen Levels.

To investigate the role of nitrogen (N) metabolism in the adaptation of photosynthesis to water stress in rice, a hydroponic experiment supplying with low N (0.72 mM), moderate N (2.86 mM), and high N (7.

Amorphous In-Ga-Zn-O Powder with High Gas Selectivity towards Wide Range Concentration of C₂H₅OH.

Amorphous indium gallium zinc oxide (a-IGZO) powder was prepared by typical solution-based process and post-annealing process. The sample was used as sensor for detecting C₂H₅OH, H₂, and CO. Gas-sensing performance was found to be highly sensitive to C₂H₅OH gas in a wide range of concentration (0.

Glycine increases cold tolerance in rice via the regulation of N uptake, physiological characteristics, and photosynthesis.

To investigate the response of rice growth and photosynthesis to different nitrogen (N) sources under cold stress, hydroponic cultivation of rice was done in greenhouse, with glycine, ammonium, and nitrate as the sole N sources. The results demonstrate that exposure to low temperature reduced the rice biomass and leaf chlorophyll content, but their values in the glycine-treated plants were significantly higher than in the ammonium- and nitrate-treated plants. This might be attributed to the higher N uptake rate and root area and activity in the glycine-treated plants.

Elevational Variation in Soil Amino Acid and Inorganic Nitrogen Concentrations in Taibai Mountain, China.

Amino acids are important sources of soil organic nitrogen (N), which is essential for plant nutrition, but detailed information about which amino acids predominant and whether amino acid composition varies with elevation is lacking. In this study, we hypothesized that the concentrations of amino acids in soil would increase and their composition would vary along the elevational gradient of Taibai Mountain, as plant-derived organic matter accumulated and N mineralization and microbial immobilization of amino acids slowed with reduced soil temperature. Results showed that the concentrations of soil extractable total N, extractable organic N and amino acids significantly increased with elevation due to the accumulation of soil organic matter and the greater N content.

[Effects of straw incorporation on rice carbon sequestration characteristics and grain yield formation].

A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of straw incorporation on rice dry matter accumulation and transportation, rice carbon sequestration and grain yield formation. The experiment included four levels of straw incorporation: 0 (control), 4000, 6000 and 8000 kg · hm(-2). Hybrid rice cultivar Zhongzheyou 1 was used in this experiment.

Synthesis of morphology-controlled ZnO microstructures via a microwave-assisted hydrothermal method and their gas-sensing property.

Controllable ZnO architectures with flower-like and rod-like morphologies were synthesized via a microwave-assisted hydrothermal method. By adjusting the concentration of Zn(2+) in the aqueous precursors, different morphologies of ZnO microstructures were obtained. The size of ZnO was uniform after ultrasonic treatment.

Field emission properties and growth mechanism of In2O3 nanostructures.

Four kinds of nanostructures, nanoneedles, nanohooks, nanorods, and nanotowers of In2O3, have been grown by the vapor transport process with Au catalysts or without any catalysts. The morphology and structure of the prepared nanostructures are determined on the basis of field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The growth direction of the In2O3 nanoneedles is along the [001], and those of the other three nanostructures are along the [100].

[Selenium cycling and transformation in paddy field and selenium nutrition of rice: a review].

Due to the alternate variation of soil redox potential and the particularity of soil components in paddy field, the selenium (Se) cycling and transformation in paddy soil are obviously different from those in upland soil, and can affect the Se availability in soil and the Se absorption and accumulation by rice. To deeply understand the Se cycling and transformation in paddy soil and the Se absorption and accumulation by rice is of great importance in studying the transformation of soil inorganic Se to organic Se. This paper summarized the researches on the cycling mechanisms and form transformation of Se in paddy soil and the metabolic mechanisms and absorption characteristics of Se by rice, and discussed the present status and development trend of the studies on the Se transformation in soil-rice system and the Se translocation in rice plant, which could provide references for the study of soil Se availability and the cultivation of Se-enriched rice.

[Dynamic changes of rice (Oryza sativa L.) tiller angle under effects of photoperiod and effective accumulated temperature].

Using rice variety DI508 as test material, a field experiment of different seeding dates and a test with plant growth chamber were conducted to study the dynamic changes of rice tiller angle under effects of different photoperiod and effective accumulated temperature. Under field condition, the tiller angle of DI508 plants changed gradually into erect after 10-15 days of photoperiod becoming shorter (since the Summer Solstice on 21st June), irrespective of seeding dates (4th April, 5th May, and 4th June). Under controlled photoperiod, the tiller angle changed in the same way as in the field.

[Effects of rice-duck farming system on biotic populations in paddy field].

A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of rice-duck farming on the related biotic populations in paddy field. The results showed that rice-duck farming had greater effects on the occurrence and damage of pests, pathogens and weeds, as well as the amount of pests' natural enemies in paddy field. The population of rice planthopper and leafhopper decreased by 64.