A specific fine-grained identification model for plasma-treated rice growth using multiscale shortcut convolutional neural network.

As an agricultural innovation, low-temperature plasma technology is an environmentally friendly green technology that increases crop quality and productivity. However, there is a lack of research on the identification of plasma-treated rice growth. Although traditional convolutional neural networks (CNN) can automatically share convolution kernels and extract features, the outputs are only suitable for entry-level categorization.

The epilepsy and intellectual disability-associated protein TBC1D24 regulates the maintenance of excitatory synapses and animal behaviors.

Perturbation of synapse development underlies many inherited neurodevelopmental disorders including intellectual disability (ID). Diverse mutations on the human TBC1D24 gene are strongly associated with epilepsy and ID. However, the physiological function of TBC1D24 in the brain is not well understood, and there is a lack of genetic mouse model that mimics TBC1D24 loss-of-function for the study of animal behaviors.

Effects of Lower Past-Year Serum Sodium and Hyponatremia on Depression Symptoms and Cognitive Impairments in Patients With Hemodialysis.

The relationship between hyponatremia, depression symptoms, and cognitive impairments in patients receiving hemodialysis treatment remain unclear. This study aimed to examine the impact of past-year average serum sodium levels on current depression symptoms and cognitive impairments in patients receiving hemodialysis, with adjustment for possible confounders. A total of 200 participants were recruited for this study.

Determination of dendritic spine morphology by the striatin scaffold protein STRN4 through interaction with the phosphatase PP2A.

Dendritic spines are heterogeneous and exist with various morphologies. Altered spine morphology might underlie the cognitive deficits in neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism, but how different subtypes of dendritic spines are selectively maintained along development is still poorly understood. Spine maturation requires spontaneous activity of -methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor and local dendritic protein synthesis.

Combination of C-X-C motif chemokine 9 and C-X-C motif chemokine 10 antibodies with FTY720 prolongs the survival of cardiac retransplantation allografts in a mouse model.

The upregulation of chemokine genes and the subsequent T-lymphocyte recruitment to the graft are early events in the development of acute cardiac transplant rejection or cardiac allograft vasculopathy. In the present study, a combined immunosuppressive regimen of C-X-C motif chemokine 9 (CXCL9) antibody (Ab), CXCL10 Ab and FTY720 was used in order to reduce the infiltration of memory T lymphocytes and prolong graft survival in a retransplantation murine model. BALB/c donor hearts were transplanted heterotopically into C57BL/6 mice at day 28 after skin transplantation.

CXCL9 and CXCL10 accelerate acute transplant rejection mediated by alloreactive memory T cells in a mouse retransplantation model.

C-X-C motif chemokine ligand (CXCL) 9 and CXCL10 play key roles in the initiation and development of acute transplant rejection. Previously, higher levels of RANTES expression and secretion were demonstrated in retransplantation or T-cell memory-transfer models. In the present study, the effect of the chemokines, CXCL9 and CXCL10, were investigated in a mouse retransplantation model.

A prospective randomized study comparing transnasal and peroral 5-mm ultrathin endoscopy.

Background/purpose: Differences in patient tolerance, acceptance, and satisfaction of esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) between transnasal (TN) and peroral (PO) routes using a 5-mm video endoscope.

Methods: A total of 220 enrolled patients were assigned randomly to two groups undergoing EGD-110 patients each for TN and PO. The successful rate, procedure time, and adverse events were recorded.

Unsedated transnasal percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy carried out by a single physician.

Aim: The present prospective observational study investigates the safety of transnasal percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (T-PEG) carried out by a single physician using an ultrathin endoscope.

Methods: A single endoscopist attempted the unsedated transnasal insertion of a 20-Fr PEG tube using a pull-method in 31 dysphagic patients: 11 females and 20 males aged 76.5±10.

Combination of Aβ clearance and neurotrophic factors as a potential treatment for Alzheimer's disease.

There is no effective drug to treat Alzheimer's disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disease affecting an estimated 30 million people around the world. Strongly supported by preclinical and clinical studies, amyloid-beta (Aβ) may be a target for developing drugs against AD. Meanwhile, the fact that localized neuronal death/loss and synaptic impairment occur in AD should also be considered.

Phosphorylation of Akt is involved in protocatechuic acid-induced neurotrophic activity.

Objective: To investigate the mechanisms underlying protocatechuic acid (PCA)-induced neurotrophic effects on cultured cortical neurons.

Methods: The mRNA expression of microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were measured by real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR). Subsequently, antagonists were used to study the signaling pathways activated by PCA and western blotting was used to detect the phosphorylation level of kinase-related protein.

Daphnetin prevents chronic unpredictable stress-induced cognitive deficits.

Chronic exposure to stress hormones might impair cognitive functions such as learning and memory, which were associated with many mood disorders and neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we aimed to screen for effective compounds to prevent cognitive deficits induced by chronic stress. Daphnetin was found to protect the cortical neurons against dexamethasone-induced reduction of cell viability in a dose-dependent manner in vitro.

Neurotrophic effects of magnesium fructose 1, 6-diphosphate on cortical neurons.

In this study, we evaluated the neurotrophic effects of magnesium fructose 1, 6-diphosphate (FDP-Mg) on cortical neurons. The results demonstrated that FDP-Mg promoted dendrite outgrowth and neuronal survival in a dose-dependent manner. In order to investigate the associated mechanisms, we determined adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNA expression in cortical neurons.

Nogo-66 receptor activation inhibits neurite outgrowth and increases β-amyloid protein secretion of cortical neurons.

A Nogo-A to Nogo-66 receptor (NgR) pathway is well known to contribute to the inhibition of the neurite regeneration of adult central nervous system neurons after traumatic injuries. Recent evidence suggests that Nogo-A and NgR are involved in the pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD), as evidenced by the fact that Nogo-A is overexpressed by hippocampal neurons in patients with AD and is associated with β-amyloid protein (Aβ) deposits in senile plaques. In the present experiments, we investigated the potential role of Nogo-A in both neurite outgrowth and Aβ generation in cortical neurons.

[Effects of ferulic acid on bFGF-treated PC12 cells].

Objective: To explore the effect and mechanism of ferulic acid on differentiation in bFGF-treated PC12 cells.

Methods: The length of neurite outgrowth and the percentage of PC12 cells induced in the presence of 0 ng/mL or 1 ng/mL bFGF were assayed.

Results: Compared with that of control group,ferulic acid could enhance the differentiation effect of bFGF (1 ng/mL) in PC12 cells (P < 0.

[Neurotrophic effects of protocatechuic acid on neurite outgrowth and survival in cultured cerebral cortical neurons of newborn rat].

Objective: To study the neurotrophic effects of protocatechuic acid on neurite outgrowth and survival in cultured cerebral cortical neurons.

Methods: The newborn rat cerebral cortex neurons were cultured in vitro. The convert phase microscope was used to count the survival neurons with neurites and measure the average length of neurites.

Combined administration of D-galactose and aluminium induces Alzheimer-like lesions in brain.

Objective: It has been reported that D-galactose (D-gal) can model subacute aging, and aluminum (Al) acts as a neurotoxin, but combined effects of them have not been reported. The present work aimed to reveal the effect of combined administration of D-gal and Al in mice and compare the effect of D-gal treatment with that of Al treatment.

Methods: Al was intragastrically administered and D-gal was subcutaneously injected into Kunming mice for 10 consecutive weeks.

Screening of treatment targets for Alzheimer's disease from the molecular mechanisms of impairment by β-amyloid aggregation and tau hyperphosphorylation.

β-Amyloid (Aβ) over-expression and tau hyperphosphorylation are considered to be the central events in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Studies on them may help elucidate the precise molecular pathogenesis of AD. Until now, although tau protein and Aβ remain the foci of AD research, the etiopathogenesis of AD and effective drugs for AD treatment are still largely unsolved.