Enzymatic Hydrolysis and Simultaneous Extraction for Preparation of Genipin from Bark of Eucommia ulmoides after Ultrasound, Microwave Pretreatment.

A continuous process based on the combination of ultrasounds and/or microwaves pretreatments followed by enzymatic hydrolysis and simultaneous extraction (EHSE) has been proposed to recover genipin from Eucommia ulmoides bark. At first, in the pretreatment step, the mixture of 1.0 g dried bark powder and 10 mL deionized water were irradiated by microwave under 500 W for 10 min.

Improving hepatitis B vaccine timely birth dose coverage: lessons from five demonstration projects in China, 2005-2009.

Background: Delivery of a timely (within 24h) hepatitis B vaccine birth dose (TBD) is essential to prevent the long-term complications of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. China made substantial progress in hepatitis B immunization coverage, however, in 2004, TBD coverage was lower in Western, poorer provinces.

Methods: We reviewed five demonstration projects for the promotion of TBD in rural counties in Qinghai, Gansu and Ningxia.