Intramedullary nailing for irreducible spiral subtrochanteric fractures: A comparison of cerclage and non-cerclage wiring.

Purpose: Intramedullary nailing is the preferred internal fixation technique for the treatment of subtrochanteric fractures because of its biomechanical advantages. However, no definitive conclusion has been reached regarding whether combined cable cerclage is required during intramedullary nailing treatment. This study is performed to compare the clinical effects of intramedullary nailing with cerclage and non-cerclage wiring in the treatment of irreducible spiral subtrochanteric fractures.

Formation of -Allyl- and Allenyl-Modified Amides via Intermolecular Claisen Rearrangement.

We developed a new transition-metal-free intermolecular Claisen rearrangement process to introduce allyl and allenyl groups into the α position of tertiary amides. In this transformation, amides were activated by trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride to produce the keteniminium ion intermediates that exhibit strong electrophilic activity. This atom-economical process delivers α position-modified amides under mild conditions in moderate to good yields and showcases a broad substrate compatibility.

[Curative effect of anterolateral spinal canal decompression combined with short segment screw fixation with posterior approach for severe thoracolumbar burst fractures with spinal cord injury].

Objective: To explore the effect of anterolateral spinal canal decompression combined with short segment screw fixation with posterior approach for severe thoracolumbar burst fractures with spinal cord injury.

Methods: From January 2016 to June 2018, 16 patients with severe thoracolumbar burst fractures (more than 50% of ratio of spinal canal encroachment, reverse fragment at the posterior edge of the vertebral body) with spinal cord injury were retrospectively analyzed, including 10 males and 6 females, ranging in age from 19 to 57 years old. Causes of injury:8 cases of fall injury, 6 cases of traffic accident injury and 2 cases of other injuries.

Organocatalyzed Synthesis of Functionalized Quinolines.

As one of the most widely investigated compound skeleton, quinolines possess important medicinal and biological activities. As such, a great number of literatures, including reviews, have reported various methodologies to construct quinolines. Recently, organocatalyzed reactions have attracted the attention of organic chemists due to its being "green" because the reactions avoid the use of toxic metals.

New Friedel-Crafts strategy for preparing 3-acylindoles.

A selective Friedel-Crafts acylation of indoles via an unusual cleavage of the amide C-N bond was achieved by triflic anhydride activation. This method offers rapid efficient access to high-biological-value 3-acylindoles, performs a series of scrupulous mechanistic studies and offers a strong courage that amide synthons can form new C-C bonds under transition-metal-free conditions.

Transition-metal-free multinitrogenation of amides by C-C bond cleavage: a new approach to tetrazoles.

A metal-free brand-new one-pot multinitrogenation of amides for the chemo- and regioselective synthesis of 1,5-disubstituted tetrazoles has been developed. By means of electrophilic amide activation, and further C-C bond cleavage and rearrangement, a diverse set of functionalized 1,5-DST derivatives were selectively constructed under mild conditions. As showcased in the mechanisms, the chemoselectivity is easily switched by the selection of the starting materials in the reaction.

[Effect of the Food to Mass Ratio and Hydraulic Retention Time on Hydrogen Production from Fruit and Vegetable Waste].

Semi-continuous biogas production from fruit and vegetable waste by medium temperature anaerobic fermentation was conducted. Hydrogen production under different food-microorganism ratios (F/M 0.5, 0.

Synthesis of Functionalized Quinolines through a Reaction of Amides and Alkynes Promoted by Triflic Anhydride/Pyridine.

A concise, novel and flexible metal-free single step to synthesize functionalized quinolines is reported. Triflic anhydride-mediated (Tf O) activation of amides is discussed in the presence of pyridine to offer strong electrophiles, thereby showcasing excellent productivity, high regio- and chemoselectivity, and widely tolerable substrates. This approach provides a straightforward and efficient way to construct azaheterocycle structures.

Synthesis of β-Difluoroalkylated Acrylonitriles in the Presence of Copper Powder.

A highly regio- and stereoselective copper-mediated cyanodifluoroalkylation of alkynes with ethyl difluoroiodoacetate and trimethylsilyl cyanide (TMSCN) is described. The three-component coupling reaction provides straightforward access to a variety of useful difluoroalkyl-substituted acrylonitriles. The introduction of the nitrile unit is of great importance in drug discovery for the modification of this fragment.

Less wound complications of a sinus tarsi approach compared to an extended lateral approach for the treatment of displaced intraarticular calcaneal fracture: A randomized clinical trial in 64 patients.

Background: We conducted a prospective randomized clinical trial to compare the clinical and radiological outcomes of the sinus tarsi and extended lateral approaches for the surgical treatment of displaced intraarticular calcaneal fractures.

Methods: Between January 2009 and January 2014, patients with displaced intraarticular calcaneal fracture were randomly assigned to receive surgical treatment by the sinus tarsi approach or the extended lateral approach using block randomization. We recorded and analyzed data on demographics, time to surgery, wound complications, Böhler angles pre- and postoperatively, and American Orthopedic Foot & Ankle Society score.

Lewis Acid Catalyzed [4 + 3] Cycloaddition of Propargylic Alcohols with Azides.

An unprecedented Lewis acid catalyzed [4 + 3] cycloaddition reaction is described that provides a straightforward route to polycyclic products containing an imine-based indole azepine scaffold, starting from readily available internal tertiary alkynols and azides. This cycloaddition protocol provides efficient and atom-economical access to a new class of fascinating imine-containing products in satisfactory yields, which has shown good application in the construction of seven-membered N-heterocycles.

[Reconstruction intramedullary nailing for treatment of ispsilateral femoral neck and shaft fractures].

Objective: To evaluate the curative effect and surigical skills of reconstruction intramedullary nailing in the treatment of ipsilateral femoral neck and shaft fractures.

Methods: From January 2007 to January 2013, 13 patients with ipsilateral femoral neck and shaft fractures were treated by reconstruction intramedullary nailing including 11 males and 2 females with an average age of 38.9 yeas old ranging from 25 to 53 years old.

Iodine-Promoted Radical Cyclization in Water: A Selective Reaction of 1,6-Enynes with Sulfonyl Hydrazides.

An iodine-promoted one-pot radical cyclization reaction of 1,6-enynes with sulfonyl hydrazides to provide five-membered and hexatomic ring sulfonylated products under the same conditions is established. This reaction proceeded smoothly in water and gave the corresponding products by using I2/TBHP instead of expensive and toxic catalysts with C-S and C-I bond formed in one step. This method also allowed easy access to significant functional sulfones for potential applications in medicinal and organic chemistry.

Palladium-Catalyzed Intermolecular Aryldifluoroalkylation of Alkynes.

A palladium-catalyzed aryldifluoroalkylation of alkynes with ethyl difluoroiodoacetate and arylboronic acids as reaction partners is described. The alkyne difunctionalization process provides various aryldifluoroalkylated products in one pot under mild reaction conditions. A wide range of alkynes and diverse arylboronic acids are compatible with these reaction conditions.

Silver-promoted oxidative cyclization of 1,6-enynes: highly regioselective synthesis of phosphorated fluorene derivatives.

A silver-promoted oxidative cyclization of 1,6-enynes with disubstituted phosphine oxides is developed for the synthesis of fluorene derivatives. The reaction proceeds with high regioselectivity by constructing one C-P bond and two C-C bonds in one step. Moreover, reduction of the pentavalent phosphine enlarges the application scope of the product.

Direct oxidative nitration of aromatic sulfonamides under mild conditions.

A direct nitration of aromatic sulfonamides using sodium nitrite as the nitrating agent has been developed. The reaction shows typically mono-substitution selectivity and can be enlarged to the gram scale with good yield.

Copper-catalyzed three-component cyanotrifluoromethylation/azidotrifluoromethylation and carbocyclization of 1,6-enynes.

A novel three-component strategy for the cyanotrifluoromethylation/azidotrifluoromethylation and carbocyclization of 1,6-enynes is developed. The reaction proceeds smoothly under a moderate temperature by using a copper catalyst, which provides a rapid and concise access to addition-carbocyclization products. Furthermore, the products obtained can be useful building blocks in discoveries of lead compounds and other biologically active CF3-containing heterocycles.

Zinc-catalyzed [4+3] cycloaddition with concomitant furan annulation: formation of cyclohepta[b]furans.

A convenient zinc-promoted [4+3] cycloaddition of a carbonyl ene-yne with simple dienes was first achieved. This reaction provided an efficient strategy to prepare various cyclohepta[b]furan rings by cascade cycloadditions. Additionally, a multicomponent reaction of dione, alkynal, and diene was also reported, which exhibited a novel strategy for selective creations of C-O bonds and C-C bonds.

Copper-catalyzed intermolecular cyanotrifluoromethylation of alkenes.

A novel and highly practical reaction for the copper-catalyzed intermolecular cyanotrifluoromethylation of alkenes is presented here. This methodology provides a general and straightforward way to synthesize a variety of useful CF3-containing nitriles, which can be used for further preparation of pharmaceutically and agrochemically important compounds in synthetic organic chemistry.

[Metallic modular radial head prostheses for Mason III and IV unreconstructable radial head fractures].

Objective: To assess the early efficacy of metallic modular radial head prostheses in patients with Mason III and IV unreconstructable radial head fractures.

Methods: The medical records of 16 patients (9 males, 7 females) with a mean age of 43 years old (31 to 57) with Mason III/IV unreconstructable radial head fractures requiring metallic modular radial head replacement between January 2009 and March 2012, were reviewed retrospectively. The functional results were assessed by range-of-movement, Mayo elbow performance score (MEPS).

Factors affecting the performance of a single-chamber microbial fuel cell-type biological oxygen demand sensor.

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are devices that exploit microorganisms as biocatalysts to degrade organic matter or sludge present in wastewater (WW), and thereby generate electricity. We developed a simple, low-cost single-chamber microbial fuel cell (SCMFC)-type biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) sensor using carbon felt (anode) and activated sludge, and demonstrated its feasibility in the construction of a real-time BOD measurement system. Further, the effects of anodic pH and organic concentration on SCMFC performance were examined, and the correlation between BOD concentration and its response time was analyzed.

Comparison of unipedicular and bipedicular percutaneous kyphoplasty for treating osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures: a meta-analysis.

Background: Percutaneous vertebroplasty (PKP) has proved its effectiveness regarding minimal invasion, rapid pain reduction, safe cement augmentation, restoring vertebral height, and accelerating complete recovery of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCFs). Whether unipedicular or bipedicular PKP provides a better outcome is controversial.

Methods: We searched PubMed, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Knowledge, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, and Wanfang Data from January 1980 to March 2013 with "kyphoplasty", "unipedicular", "bipedicular", "compression fracture", and "randomized controlled trial".

Copper-catalyzed synthesis of trifluoromethyl-substituted isoxazolines.

A mild and efficient copper-catalyzed trifluoromethylation reaction which involves the cyclization of oximes has been developed. This method provides a convenient access to a variety of useful CF3-containing 4,5-dihydroisoxazoles by constructing a C-CF3 bond and a C-O bond in one step.

[Minimally invasive percutanuous cannulated pedicle screw system fixation for the treatment of thoracolumbar flexion-distraction fracture without neurologic impairment].

Objective: To explore the feasibility and effect of percutanuous cannulated pedicle screw AF system fixation for the treatment of thoracolumbar flexion-distraction fracture without neurologic impairment.

Methods: From June 2008 to June 2010,21 patients with thoracolumbar flexion-distraction fracture were treated with percutanuous cannulated pedicle screw fixation. There were 16 males and 5 females with the mean age of 32.