Genetic and antigenic characterization of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 in Yantai, China, during the 2009-2017 influenza season.

Objective: This study was performed to determine the antigenic and genetic characteristics and evaluate potential vaccine efficacy of influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 in Yantai from August 2009 to August 2017.

Materials And Methods: A total of 10  236 swabs were collected among patients with an influenza-like illness who were admitted to two sentinel surveillance hospitals in Yantai, East China, from August 2009 to August 2017. All specimens were cultured in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells and identified by haemagglutination-inhibition assay.

Seroprevalence and evolutionary dynamics of genotype 4 hepatitis E virus in Shandong Province, China.

Aim: To investigate the seroprevalence and evolutionary dynamics of hepatitis E virus (HEV) and assess the ancestor of HEVs in China's Shandong Province.

Methods: A total of 2028 serum, 60 fecal and 82 bile samples were collected from the general human population, patients and swine, respectively. This seroepidemiological study was conducted using an immunnosorbent assay and HEV RNA was detected by the reverse transcription-nested polymerase chain reaction (RT-nPCR) method.

[Isolation and sequence analysis on virus of HFMD with encephalitis in Yantal city].

Objective: To learn about the pathogen spectrum and genetic characterization of HFMD with encephalitis in Yantai city.

Methods: Stool samples and cerebrospinal fluids (CSF) collected from HFMD with encephalitis cases in Yantai. Virus were isolated from stool samples and identified by fluorescence reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.

[The coastal areas of Yantai human and swine hepatitis E virus genotyping analysis].

Objective: Survey of the coastal city of Yantai, from human and swine hepatitis E virus (HEV) genotype correlation.

Method: Application of reverse transcription nested polymerase chain reaction (RT-nPCR) method for local acute sporadic hepatitis E patients,normal population of HEV-IgM positive and local pig farm pigs were HEV RNA detection. And HEV RNA positive samples for cloning sequencing and sequence analysis.

[Epidemiological study on risk factors of hepatitis E in Yantai, Shandong province].

Objective: To study the prevalent characteristics and risk factors of viral hepatitis E in Yantai and the relative for strategy on viral hepatitis E control in the area.

Methods: Data on viral hepatitis E incidence reported by the Notifiable Infectious Disease Reporting System in 2005-2009 was analyzed. 2028 persons were chosen for hepatitis E virus (HEV) antibody detection by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay method.

[Serum antibody response and Hantavirus RNA sequencing in patients with hemorrhagic fever renal syndrome in Yantai areas].

Objective: To understand antibody responses to and RNA sequences of Hantavirus in patients with hemorrhagic fever renal syndrome (HFRS) in Yantai areas and to demonstrate the type of the prevalent viruses caused HFRS.

Methods: Serum specimens collected at acute and convalescent stages from 90 patients with HFRS and IgM and IgG antibodies against Hantavirus were detected with ELISA, and cross plaque reduction neutralizing tests were performed to detect neutralizing antibody. Viral RNA was extracted from the patients? sera by using Trizol method and nested PCR was utilized to amplify the specific segments of the viral cDNA and the products of the PCR were TA cloned and then the nucleotide sequences were determined.