Compositional and functional alterations of gut microbiota in patients with stroke.

Background And Aims: There is accumulating evidence that gut microbiota plays a key role in cardiovascular diseases. Gut bacteria can transform dietary choline, l-carnitine, and trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) into trimethylamine, which can be oxidized into TMAO again in the liver. However, the alterations of the gut microbiota in large artery atherosclerotic (LAA) stroke and cardioembolic (CE) stroke have been less studied.

Serum levels of chromogranins and secretogranins correlate with the progress and severity of Parkinson's disease.

Little is known about the relevance of chromogranins (Cgs) and secretogranins (Sgs) in Parkinson's disease (PD). In this study, we determined serum levels of CgA, CgB, and SgII in PD patients and assessed their association with disease severity. PD patients were recruited, identified, and classified as having early (n = 14), intermediate (n = 18), or late (n = 4) stage disease according to Hoehn-Yahr scores.