Effects of Primary Decompressive Craniectomy on the Outcomes of Serious Traumatic Brain Injury with Mass Lesions, and Independent Predictors of Operation Decision.

Background: Although operative indications for traumatic brain injury (TBI) are known, neurosurgeons are unsure whether to remove the bone flap after mass lesion extraction, and an efficient scoring system for predicting which patients should undergo decompressive craniectomy (DC) does not exist.

Methods: Nine parameters were assessed. In total, 245 patients with severe TBI were retrospectively assessed from June 2015 to May 2019, who underwent DC or craniotomy to remove mass lesions.

Differences between CS-DAVF and TCCF--to reveal and redefine CS-DAVF.

In the past, the cavernous dural arteriovenous fistula was categorized as spontaneous cavernous carotid fistula [1] due to the lack of knowledge and limitation of imaging equipment. In the recent time, with the accumulation of knowledge of DAVF's etiology, mechanism, physiology, clinical symptoms and imaging data, the diagnostic methods and treatment have achieved novel understandings and progresses. In fact, it's a specific type of dural arteriovenous fistula---- cavernous dural arteriovenous fistula.

Treatment strategies for traumatic cervico-cranial pseudoaneurysms: A single institution experience.

Aim: Limited clinical and angiographic data exists for patients with traumatic cervico-cerebral pseudoaneurysms. In this paper, we present our limited experience with various management strategies for traumatic cervico-cranial pseudoaneurysms.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 37 consecutive cases of traumatic pseudoaneurysms involving the cervico-cranial or the cerebral arteries diagnosed at our center from September 2009 to December 2014.

Association between angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion polymorphisms and intracranial aneurysm susceptibility: A meta-analysis.

Various studies have evaluated the association between polymorphisms of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and intracranial aneurysm (IA) risk; however, the results remain inconsistent. The PubMed, Embase, and Wanfang Data databases were systematically searched until January 6th 2016. Case-control studies investigating the association between the ACE polymorphism and IA risk were included.

14-3-3zeta Positive Cells Show More Tumorigenic Characters in Human Glioblastoma.

Aim: Expression of 14-3-3zeta is upregulated in many cancer types and plays an important role in tumorigenesis. Our previous studies have shown that 14-3-3zeta has a positive expression and is associated with a poor prognosis in patients with glioblastoma. In this study, we investigated whether 14-3-3zeta positive cells show more tumorigenic character and stronger chemotherapy resistance.

GPER expressed on microglia mediates the anti-inflammatory effect of estradiol in ischemic stroke.

Background: Stroke could lead to serious morbidity, of which ischemic stroke counts for majority of the cases. Inflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke, thus drugs targeting inflammation could be potentially neuroprotective. Estradiol was shown to be neuroprotective as well as anti-inflammatory in animal models of ischemic stroke with unclear mechanism.

GPER1 mediates estrogen-induced neuroprotection against oxygen-glucose deprivation in the primary hippocampal neurons.

It is well-known that the neuroprotective effects of estrogen have potential in the prevention and amelioration of ischemic and degenerative neurological disorders, while the underlying mechanisms for estrogen actions are undefined. As an important mediator for the non-genomic functions of estrogen, GPER1 (G Protein-coupled Estrogen Receptor 1) has been suggested to involve in the beneficial roles of estrogen in neural cells. Here our studies on primary hippocampal neurons have focused on GPER1 in an in vitro model of ischemia using oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD).

Blocking TRPV1 in nucleus accumbens inhibits persistent morphine conditioned place preference expression in rats.

The function of TRPV1 (transient receptor potential vanilloid subfamily, member 1) in the central nervous system is gradually elucidated. It has been recently proved to be expressed in nucleus accumbens (NAc), a region playing an essential role in mediating opioid craving and taking behaviors. Based on the general role of TRPV1 antagonist in blocking neural over-excitability by both pre- and post-synaptic mechanisms, TRPV1 antagonist capsazepine (CPZ) was tested for its ability to prohibit persistent opioid craving in rats.

Spontaneous arteriovenous fistula of the superficial temporal artery: Diagnosis and treatment.

Objectives: Despite the increasing reports of traumatic and iatrogenic arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) of the superficial temporal artery (STA), the spontaneous origination of fistulas is extremely rare, and very little is known about their natural development. Spontaneous AVFs of the STA have the characteristic findings of an expanding, painless pulsatile mass and a palpable thrill with or without a vascular murmur.

Patients And Methods: This article describes five patients with AVFs of the STA with no history of a head injury.

Overexpression of NDRG2 can inhibit neuroblastoma cell proliferation through negative regulation by CYR61.

Several recent studies have showed that the n-myc downstream regulated gene 2 (NDRG2) is a new tumor suppressor gene, and that it plays an important role in tumor suppression in several cancers or cancer cell lines. However, few studies focused on its function in neuroblastoma cells. In the present investigation, we demonstrated that NDRG2 overexpression inhibited their proliferation.

Evaluation of cerebral arteriovenous malformation using 'dual vessel fusion' technology.

Aim: This study explored the value of using a vessel fusion technique for visualizing and evaluating the vessel structure of patients diagnosed with arteriovenous malformations (AVMs).

Materials And: methods 10 patients with AVMs supplied by multiple cerebral arteries were investigated. The three-dimensional structure of the AVM nidus, feeding arteries, and draining veins were reconstructed from rotational angiographic images and then displayed on a single image in a fused manner.

Clinical and radiological observation in a surgical series of 36 cases of fibrous dysplasia of the skull.

Objectives: To describe the clinical and radiological findings in a consecutive series of patients diagnosed with fibrous dysplasia of the skull.

Patients And Methods: A retrospective analysis of collected data for 36 patients with histopathologically confirmed fibrous dysplasia involving the skull is presented. The demographic data, clinical presentation, radiographic characteristics, and the management of these patients were reviewed.

Enhancement of axonal regeneration of retinal ganglion cells in adult rats by etomidate: involvement of protein kinase C.

Purpose: To investigate the effect of etomidate (ET) on axonal regeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in adult rats.

Methods: The optic nerve was transected intraorbitally at 1 mm from the optic disc, and an autologous peripheral nerve was transplanted onto the ocular ON stump in adult rats. Then the animals were treated with ET, Gö6976, ET combined with Gö6976, phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA), or ET combined with PMA.

Safety, feasibility, and mid-term follow-up of Willis stent graft placement in the treatment of symptomatic complicated intra- or extra-cranial aneurysms: a multicenter experience.

We report the technical success rate and mid-term follow-up results after deploying stent-grafts to treat a cohort of patients with symptomatic complicated intra- or extracranial aneurysms (SCIEAs). This study was a retrospective review of 58 patients (39 male; mean age 40.4 ± 12.

Gypenosides protects dopaminergic neurons in primary culture against MPP(+)-induced oxidative injury.

Oxidative injury has been implicated in the etiology of Parkinson's disease (PD). Gypenosides (GPs), the saponins extract derived from the Gynostemma pentaphyllum, has various bioactivities. In this study, GPs was investigated for its neuroprotective effects on the 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP(+))-induced oxidative injury of dopaminergic neurons in primary nigral culture.

Application of the Willis covered stent in the treatment of aneurysm in the cisternal segment of the internal carotid artery: a pilot comparative study with midterm follow-up.

Purpose: To compare the use of the Willis stent-graft versus coil embolization for complicated aneurysms in the cisternal segment of the internal carotid artery (ICA).

Methods: Thirty-four patients (19 women; mean age 46.7+/-16.

[Effect of renal artery embolization using 2-poly-hydroxyethyl-methacrylate as a liquid embolic agent: a study in rabbits].

Objective: To assess the effect of a liquid embolic agent 2-poly-hydroxyethyl -methacrylate (2-P-HEMA) for renal artery embolization in rabbits.

Methods: The precipitation time of different concentrations (2%, 3.5%, 5%, 6.

[Risk of cerebral vasospasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage is associated with endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene polymorphism].

Objective: To study whether endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene (eNOS) polymorphisms is implicated in the development of cerebral vasospasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Methods: Three groups of patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage were selected to test this hypothesis, including 98 patients with cerebral vasospasm following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (ASAH), 96 with cerebral vasospasm following traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (TSAH), and 195 patients without cerebral vasospasm following aneurysmal or traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage. The parents of 194 patients and 100 control subjects were also examined for transmission disequilibrium test according to a family-based study design to test the associations.

[Biocompatibility of polyurethane-BaFe(12)O(19 ) composite microsphere as a new endovascular embolization material].

Objective: To investigate the biocompatibility of polyurethane-BaFe(12)O(19) magnetic composite microsphere as a new endovascular embolization material.

Methods: The biocompatibility of BaFe(12)O(19) particle was evaluated in vitro using Ames test, cell toxicity test, acute and subacute systemic toxicity test, hemolysis test, bleeding time and clotting time test and blood clotting function assay.

Results: Ames test showed that the MR values of this particle leaching solution were all less than 2 without mutagenicity.

[Formation and hemodynamics of pseudoaneurysm after rupture and bleeding of aneurysm: an experiment with dogs].

Objective: To study the process and mechanism of the formation of pseudoaneurysm after the rupture of aneurysm.

Methods: A model of aneurysm (AN) of the left common carotid artery (CCA) was made in 20 dogs. One to 2 weeks after the formation of AN, a localized hematoma connected with the AN was formed as a model of pseudoaneurysm after the rupture of true aneurysm (false aneurysm caused by the ruptured true aneurysm, T + F) was established.

Study on intraluminal embolization with microcoils treating traumatic pseudoaneurysms in common carotid artery in rabbits.

Objective: To evaluate the long-term effect of endovascular occlusion with microcoils on traumatic pseudoaneurysms (TPAs) in the common carotid artery in rabbits.

Methods: TPAs in the right common carotid artery were surgically made in 16 rabbits. At 3-4 weeks after operation, the survived 12 models were randomly divided into a control group (n=3) with no treatment and an experimental group (n=9), in which TPAs were intraluminally embolized with microcoils and corresponding therapy was given.

Early diagnosis of cerebral infarction with near-infrared spectroscopy: an experimental study.

Objective: To monitor the changes in the blood flow and blood-oxygen content in rat cerebral tissue with focal cerebral infarction using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), so as to verify the value of NIRS in early diagnosis of cerebral infarction.

Methods: Focal cerebral infarction models were established in 16 rats by injecting silk threads into the internal carotid artery. The bilateral blood flow and blood-oxygen content were monitored with NIRS in the models and also in 16 normal rats receiving saline injection to serve as blank control group.