Detection of early-universe gravitational-wave signatures and fundamental physics.

Detection of a gravitational-wave signal of non-astrophysical origin would be a landmark discovery, potentially providing a significant clue to some of our most basic, big-picture scientific questions about the Universe. In this white paper, we survey the leading early-Universe mechanisms that may produce a detectable signal-including inflation, phase transitions, topological defects, as well as primordial black holes-and highlight the connections to fundamental physics. We review the complementarity with collider searches for new physics, and multimessenger probes of the large-scale structure of the Universe.

Unambiguously Testing Positivity at Lepton Colliders.

The diphoton channel at lepton colliders, e^{+}e^{-}(μ^{+}μ^{-})→γγ, has a remarkable feature that the leading new physics contribution comes only from dimension-eight operators. This contribution is subject to a set of positivity bounds, derived from the fundamental principles of quantum field theory, such as unitarity, locality, analyticity and Lorentz invariance. These positivity bounds are thus applicable to the most direct observable: the diphoton cross section.

The Higgs boson turns ten.

The discovery of the Higgs boson, ten years ago, was a milestone that opened the door to the study of a new sector of fundamental physical interactions. We review the role of the Higgs field in the Standard Model of particle physics and explain its impact on the world around us. We summarize the insights into Higgs physics revealed so far by ten years of work, discuss what remains to be determined and outline potential connections of the Higgs sector with unsolved mysteries of particle physics.

The muon Smasher's guide.

We lay out a comprehensive physics case for a future high-energy muon collider, exploring a range of collision energies (from 1 to 100 TeV) and luminosities. We highlight the advantages of such a collider over proposed alternatives. We show how one can leverage both the point-like nature of the muons themselves as well as the cloud of electroweak radiation that surrounds the beam to blur the dichotomy between energy and precision in the search for new physics.

Reexamining the Solar Axion Explanation for the XENON1T Excess.

The XENON1T collaboration has observed an excess in electronic recoil events below 5 keV over the known background, which could originate from beyond-the-standard-model physics. The solar axion is a well-motivated model that has been proposed to explain the excess, though it has tension with astrophysical observations. The axions traveling from the Sun can be absorbed by the electrons in the xenon atoms via the axion-electron coupling.

Enhancing Long-Lived Particles Searches at the LHC with Precision Timing Information.

We explore the physics potential of using precision timing information at the LHC in searches for long-lived particles (LLPs). In comparison with the light standard model particles, the decay products of massive LLPs arrive at detectors with time delays around the nanosecond scale. We propose new strategies to take advantage of this time delay feature by using initial state radiation to time stamp the collision event and require at least one LLP to decay within the detector.

Opening Up the Compressed Region of Top Squark Searches at 13 TeV LHC.

Light top superpartners play a key role in stabilizing the electroweak scale in supersymmetric theories. For R-parity conserved supersymmetric models, traditional searches are not sensitive to the compressed regions. In this Letter, we propose a new method targeting this region, with top squark and neutralino mass splitting ranging from m_{t[over ˜]}-m_{χ}≳m_{t} to about 20 GeV.

Supersymmetric exotic decays of the 125 GeV Higgs boson.

We reveal a set of novel decay topologies for the 125 GeV Higgs boson in supersymmetry which are initiated by its decay into a pair of neutralinos, and discuss their collider search strategies. This category of exotic Higgs decays is characterized by the collider signature: visible objects+E_{T}, with E_{T} dominantly arising from escaping dark matter particles. Their benchmark arises naturally in the Peccei-Quinn symmetry limit of the minimal supersymmetric standard model singlet extensions, which is typified by the coexistence of three light particles: singletlike scalar h_{1} and pseudoscalar a_{1}, and singlinolike neutralino χ_{1}, all with masses of ≲10  GeV, and the generic suppression of the exotic decays of the 125 GeV Higgs boson h_{2}→h_{1}h_{1}, a_{1}a_{1} and χ_{1}χ_{1}, however.

Dark light-Higgs bosons.

We study a limit of the nearly Peccei-Quinn-symmetric next-to-minimal supersymmetric standard model possessing novel Higgs and dark matter (DM) properties. In this scenario, there naturally coexist three light singletlike particles: a scalar, a pseudoscalar, and a singlinolike DM candidate, all with masses of order 0.1-10 GeV.

Hypercharged anomaly mediation.

We show that, in string models with the minimal supersymmetric standard model residing on D-branes, the bino mass can be generated in a geometrically separated hidden sector. Hypercharge mediation thus naturally teams up with anomaly mediation. The mixed scenario predicts a distinctive yet viable superpartner spectrum, provided that the ratio alpha between the bino and gravitino mass lies in the range 0.

Z'-mediated supersymmetry breaking.

We consider a class of models in which supersymmetry breaking is communicated dominantly via a U1' gauge interaction, which also helps solve the mu problem. Such models can emerge naturally in top-down constructions and are a version of split supersymmetry. The spectrum contains heavy sfermions, Higgsinos, exotics, and Z' approximately 10-100 TeV, light gauginos approximately 100-1000 GeV, a light Higgs boson approximately 140 GeV, and a light singlino.

Bd-->phi KS CP asymmetries as an important probe of supersymmetry.

The decay B(d)-->phi K(S) is a special probe of physics beyond the standard model (SM), since it has no SM tree level contribution. Motivated by recent data suggesting a deviation from the SM for its time-dependent CP asymmetry, we examine supersymmetric explanations. Chirality preserving contributions are generically small, unless gluino is relatively light.