Hydrogen-rich saline ameliorates hippocampal neuron apoptosis through up-regulating the expression of cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) after cerebral ischemia- reperfusion in rats.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the potential role of hydrogen in rats after cerebral ischemic/reperfusion (I/R) injury.

Materials And Methods: The experimental samples were composed of sham group, model group of rats that received middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 2 hr followed by reperfusion for 24 hr, and the hydrogen saline group treated by hydro¬gen-rich saline (1 ml/kg) after MCAO. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), S100-βprotein (S100-β), and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) levels were measured; the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were detected; the histologic structure and apoptotic cells of hippocampus were observed; the expressions of cystathionine β-synthase (CBS), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1) were measured.

Endosulfan induces endothelial inflammation and dysfunction via IRE1α/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Cardiovascular diseases are related to vascular endothelial cell injury; our previous studies showed that endosulfan could cause hypercoagulation of blood by inducing endothelial cell injury. To clarify the mechanism of it, we treated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) with 0, 1, 5, and 10 μg/mL endosulfan, while in the inhibition groups, reactive oxygen species (ROS) inhibitor N-acetylcysteine (NAC, 3 mmol) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress inhibitor (STF-083010, 10 μmol) were incubated prior to endosulfan. The results showed that endosulfan could induce inflammatory response and dysfunction by increasing the release of inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and adhesion molecules such as vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) and endothelin-1 (ET-1), and inducing ROS production in HUVECs.

Adiponectin alleviates blood hypercoagulability via inhibiting endothelial cell apoptosis induced by oxidative stress in septic rats.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to detect the protective effects of adiponectin on coagulation dysfunction and its mechanism in sepsis of rats.

Materials And Methods: The experimental samples were composed of sham group, model group that was underwent cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) and three adiponectin treatment groups that treated by adiponectin with different dose (72 μg/kg, 96 μg/kg and 120 μg/kg) after CLP. The prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) was measured, respectively, the level of malondialdehyde (MDA), tissue factor (TF), activated coagulation factor VIIa and Xa, p-selectin were detected, the histology structure of vascular was observed, the expressions of Caspase 9, Caspase 3, Bax, Bcl-2 and vWF in vascular were measured.

Adiponectin is protective against endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis of endothelial cells in sepsis.

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is a critical molecular mechanism involved in the pathogenesis of sepsis. Hence, strategies for alleviating this stress may be essential for preventing cardiovascular injuries under sepsis. Adiponectin is secreted by adipocytes and its levels are decreased in sepsis.

Tetramethylpyrazine ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by modulating the inflammatory response.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disabling inflammatory and demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system. Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) has been demonstrated to ameliorate cerebral ischemic injury and spinal cord injury by inhibiting inflammatory cell activation and pro-inflammatory cytokine production. However, the effects of TMP on MS have not been studied.

Endosulfan inhibiting the meiosis process via depressing expressions of regulatory factors and causing cell cycle arrest in spermatogenic cells.

Endosulfan is a persistent organic pollutant and widely used in agriculture as a pesticide. It is present in air, water, and soil worldwide; therefore, it is a health risk affecting especially the reproductive system. The aim of this study was to evaluate the toxicity of endosulfan in the reproductive system.

Retinoic acid amide inhibits JAK/STAT pathway in lung cancer which leads to apoptosis.

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) accounts for 12 to 16% of lung neoplasms and has a high rate of metastasis. The present study demonstrates the antiproliferative effect of retinoic acid amide in vitro and in vivo against human lung cancer cells. The results from MTT assay showed a significant growth inhibition of six tested lung cancer cell lines and inhibition of clonogenic growth at 30 μM.

Changes in PDGF expression in spared dorsal root ganglia and associated spinal dorsal horns in cats subjected to partial dorsal root ganglionectomy.

Changes in the platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) in the spared dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and associated spinal dorsal horns were evaluated in cats subjected to unilateral removal of L1-L5 and L7-S2 DRG, sparing the L6 DRG. The number of PDGF immunopositive neurons and protein expression decreased significantly in the spared DRG and associated dorsal horns of the L3 and L6 cord segments at 3 days post-operation (dpo). It bottomed to the lowest level at 7 dpo in the DRG, then returned to the control level at 14 dpo; while in the L6 dorsal horn, it rapidly increased at 7 dpo and exceeded the control level at 14 dpo.

Effects of electro-acupuncture on CNTF expression in spared dorsal root ganglion and the associated spinal lamina II and nucleus dorsalis following adjacent dorsal root ganglionectomies in cats.

It is well known that plasticity occurs in deafferented spinal cord, and that electro-acupuncture (EA) could promote functional restoration. The underlying mechanism is, however, unknown. Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) plays a crucial role in neurite outgrowth and neuronal survival both in vivo and in vitro, and its expression might explain some of the mechanism.

[The effect of acupuncture and endogenous c-Fos, c-Jun on regeneration of neuronal dendrite of spared DRG in vitro following partial ganglionectomy].

Objective: To explore the effect of acupuncture, endogenous c-Fos and c-Jun on the regeneration of neuronal dendrite of spared dorsal root ganglion (DRG) in vitro following partial ganglionectomy.

Methods: Five adult male cats were used in this experiment. Their bilateral L1-L5, L7-S2 DRG were removed, and L6 DRG were spared.

[Effect of partial ganglionectomy and acupuncture on culturing spared DRG in vitro].

Objective: To explore the effect of partial dorsal root rhizotomy and Acup on culturing dorsal root ganglion(DRG) in vitro.

Methods: Ten adult cats were divided into 2 groups: normal control group; Acup spared DRG 7 d group, in which bilateral L1-L5, L7-S2 DRG were removed; and L6DRG were spared; then unilaterally two sets of acupoints [Zusanlily (St. 36) and Xuanzhong (G.

[Changes in expression of SP in spinal lamina II following hemisected spinal cord injury in rats].

Objective: To explore the changes in expression of Substance P (SP) in spinal lamina II at different time following hemisected spinal cord injury (hSCI).

Methods: Twenty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into intact group and hSCI group at days 3, 7 and 21. The spinal cords were hemisected between T13 and L1.

[Expression of Bax, Bcl-2 and caspase-3 in spared dorsal root ganglion after partial dorsal root rhizotomy].

Objective: Investigating the expression of Bax, Bcl-2 and Caspase-3 in dorsal root ganglion after partial dorsal root rhizotomy in spared root.

Methods: Adult cats were used. The study comprised a normal control group (n=5) and three expriment groups (n=5 per group).

[Expression of CNTF and PDGF in spared dorsal root ganglion after partial dorsal root rhizotomy].

Objective: To investigate the expression of ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) and platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) in spared dorsal root ganglion (DRG) after partial dorsal root rhizotomy.

Methods: Twenty adult cats were divided into four groups. Five cats were kept intact in the control group.