Fucoxanthin Prevents Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury by Inhibiting Ferroptosis via Nrf2/STAT3 and Glutathione Pathways.

Fucoxanthin, sourced from marine brown algae, diatoms, and microalgae, is known to possess strong anti-inflammatory activity. To explore its intrinsic mechanism, we investigated its effects on acute lung injury (ALI) with an experiment using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 inflammatory cells and an ALI animal model.

Six transmembrane epithelial antigens of the prostate to illustrate inflammatory response in gastrointestinal cancers.

Gastrointestinal cancer (GIC) is a common and widespread form of tumor, with colonoscopy and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy available to detect relevant precancerous polyps and lesions. However, many patients are already in the late stages when first diagnosed with such cancer, resulting in a poor prognosis. Thus, it is necessary to explore new methods and research directions in order to improve the treatment of GIC.

New targets for cancer promotion and therapy in gliomas: Scinderin.

Glioma is one of the most common primary intracranial tumors, characterized by invasive growth and poor prognosis. Actin cytoskeletal rearrangement is an essential event in tumor cell migration. Scinderin (SCIN), an actin severing and capping protein that regulates the actin cytoskeleton, is involved in the proliferation and migration of certain cancer cells.

An overview of the contemporary diagnosis and management approaches for anaplastic thyroid carcinoma.

Thyroid carcinoma is a complex disease with several types, the most common being well-differentiated and undifferentiated. The latter, "undifferentiated carcinoma", also known as anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC), is a highly aggressive malignant tumor accounting for less than 0.2% of all thyroid carcinomas and carries a poor prognosis with a median survival of 5 months.

Feasibility and limitations of combined treatment for lateral pelvic lymph node metastases in rectal cancer.

Colorectal cancer ranks among the most commonly diagnosed cancers globally, and is associated with a high rate of pelvic recurrence after surgery. In efforts to mitigate recurrence, pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) is commonly advocated as an adjunct to radical surgery. Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NACRT) is a therapeutic approach employed in managing locally advanced rectal cancer, and has been found to increase the survival rates.

Role of targeting ferroptosis as a component of combination therapy in combating drug resistance in colorectal cancer.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a form of cancer that is often resistant to chemotherapy, targeted therapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy due to its genomic instability and inflammatory tumor microenvironment. Ferroptosis, a type of non-apoptotic cell death, is characterized by the accumulation of iron and the oxidation of lipids. Studies have revealed that the levels of reactive oxygen species and glutathione in CRC cells are significantly lower than those in healthy colon cells.

Mechanisms and potential applications of COPS6 in pan-cancer therapy.

The COP9 signalosome subunit 6 (COPS6) is abnormally overexpressed in many malignancies, yet its precise role in carcinogenesis is unknown. To gain a better understanding of COPS6's role, the authors conducted a pan-cancer analysis using various bioinformatics techniques such as differential expression patterns, prognostic value, gene mutations, immune infiltration, correlation analysis, and functional enrichment assessment. Results showed that COPS6 was highly correlated with prognosis, immune cell infiltration level, tumor mutation burden, and microsatellite instability in patients with a range of tumor types.

TM9SF1 is implicated in promoting the proliferation and invasion of bladder cancer cells.

Zhuo looked into the part of transmembrane 9 superfamily member 1 (TM9SF1) in bladder cancer (BC), and evaluated if it can be used as a therapeutic target. They created a permanent BC cell line and tested the effects of TM9SF1 overexpression and suppression on BC cell growth, movement, invasion, and cell cycle advancement. Their results show that TM9SF1 can boost the growth, movement, and invasion of BC cells and their access into the G2/M stage of the cell cycle.

HPPO-Derived Meroterpenoids from the Marine-Derived Fungus sp. SCSIO 41691.

Seven new 4-hydroxy-6-phenyl-2-pyran-2-one (HPPO) derived meroterpenoids, 1-methyl-12a,12b-epoxyarisugacin M (), 1-methyl-4a,12b-epoxyarisugacin M (), 2,3-dihydroxy-3,4a-epoxy-12a-dehydroxyisoterreulactone A (), 2-hydroxy-12a-dehydroxyisoterreulactone A (), 3'-demethoxyterritrems B' (), 4a-hydroxyarisugacin P (), and 1-epi-arisugacin H (), together with two known analogues ( and ), were isolated from the marine-derived fungal strain sp. SCSIO 41691. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, and the absolute configurations of compounds and were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.

Lecanicilliums A-F, Thiodiketopiperazine-Class Alkaloids from a Mangrove Sediment-Derived Fungus .

Six new thiodiketopiperazine-class alkaloids lecanicilliums A-F were isolated from the mangrove sediment-derived fungus SCSIO41702, together with thirteen known analogues. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic analysis. The absolute configurations were determined by quantum chemical calculations.

Determining the potent immunostimulation potential arising from the heteropolysaccharide structure of a novel fucoidan, derived from .

A preliminary study was conducted of the chemical, structural properties and immunomodulatory activities of fucoidan isolated from (SZ). fucoidan (SZF) was determined to have a sulfate content of 19.74 ± 0.

Chemical Characterization and Immunomodulatory Activity of Fucoidan from .

Fucoidan is a sulfated algal polyanionic polysaccharide that possesses many biological activities. In this paper, a fucoidan (SHF) polysaccharide was extracted from collected in the South China Sea. The SHF, with a molecular weight of 1166.

Phospholipid peroxidation inhibits autophagy via stimulating the delipidation of oxidized LC3-PE.

Phospholipid peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids at the bis-allylic position drives ferroptosis. Here we identify a novel role for phospholipid peroxidation in the inhibition of autophagy. Using in vitro and in vivo models, we report that phospholipid peroxidation induced by glutathione peroxidase-4 inhibition and arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase overexpression leads to overload of peroxidized phospholipids and culminate in inhibition of autophagy.

Pyrrospirones K-Q, Decahydrofluorene-Class Alkaloids from the Marine-Derived Fungus sp. SCSIO 41512.

Seven new decahydrofluorene-class alkaloids, pyrrospirones K-Q (-), together with six known analogues (-) were isolated from the marine-derived fungal strain sp. SCSIO 41512. Their structures were determined by extensive spectroscopic analysis, and their absolute configurations were established by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis and quantum chemical calculations of electronic circular dichroism spectra.

Isoquinoline Alkaloids as Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Inhibitors from a Deep-Sea-Derived Fungus .

Puniceusines A-N (-), 14 new isoquinoline alkaloids, were isolated from the extracts of a deep-sea-derived fungus, SCSIO z021. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analyses. The absolute configuration of was determined by ECD calculations, and the structures of and were further confirmed by a single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis.

Identification of a new inhibitor of KRAS-PDEδ interaction targeting KRAS mutant nonsmall cell lung cancer.

Oncogenic KRAS is considered a promising target for anti-cancer therapy. However, direct pharmacological strategies targeting KRAS-driven cancers remained unavailable. The prenyl-binding protein PDEδ, a transporter of KRAS, has been identified as a potential target for pharmacological inhibitor by selectively binding to its prenyl-binding pocket, impairing oncogenic KRAS signaling pathway.

Identification of a potent kinase inhibitor targeting EML4-ALK fusion protein in non-small cell lung cancer.

ALK-fusion proteins play a fundamental role in the development of about 5% of non-small cell lung cancers. Herein, we identified the compound 5067-0952 as a potent ALK inhibitor, which inhibited cell growth, induced apoptosis, and suppressed the phosphorylation of ALK, subsequently blocking its downstream signaling pathway.

Identification of a new pyruvate kinase M2 isoform (PKM2) activator for the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Lung cancer is the number one cancer in terms of both mortality and incidence. Cancer cells differ from normal cells in that they can reprogram their metabolism to support a rapid proliferation rate and alter oxidative phosphorylation processes toward lactic acid fermentation, even under aerobic conditions. Therefore, we aimed to identify new compounds that might act as pyruvate kinase M2 isoform (PKM2) activators and to investigate their anti-cancer efficacy in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells.

Proscillaridin A induces apoptosis and suppresses non-small-cell lung cancer tumor growth via calcium-induced DR4 upregulation.

Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the predominant histological type of lung cancer and is characterized by the highest mortality and incidence rates among these types of malignancies. Cardiac glycosides, a class of natural products, have been identified as a potential type of chemotherapeutic agent. This study aims to investigate the anti-cancer effects and the mechanisms of action of Proscillaridin A (P.

Honokiol Inhibits Proliferation, Invasion and Induces Apoptosis Through Targeting Lyn Kinase in Human Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells.

Honokiol is a natural compound with small molecular structure and extracted from bark of magnolia trees. The biological activities of honokiol include anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation as well as anti-tumor. However, their mechanism remains unknown.

Inhibition of KRAS-dependent lung cancer cell growth by deltarasin: blockage of autophagy increases its cytotoxicity.

Deltarasin is a recently identified small molecule that can inhibit KRAS-PDEδ interactions by binding to a hydrophobic pocket on PDEδ, resulting in the impairment of cell growth, KRAS activity, and RAS/RAF signaling in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cell lines. Since KRAS mutations are the most common oncogene mutations in lung adenocarcinomas, implicated in over 30% of all lung cancer cases, we examined the ability of deltarasin to inhibit KRAS-dependent lung cancer cell growth. Here, for the first time, we document that deltarasin produces both apoptosis and autophagy in KRAS-dependent lung cancer cells in vitro and inhibits lung tumor growth in vivo.

Suppression of Lipogenesis via Reactive Oxygen Species-AMPK Signaling for Treating Malignant and Proliferative Diseases.

Aims: Systemic diseases often have common characteristics. The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of targeting common pathological metabolism to inhibit the progression of malignant and proliferative diseases.

Results: Gefitinib-resistant (G-R) nonsmall-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were studied as conditions representative of malignant and proliferative diseases, respectively.

Honokiol Induces Apoptosis, G1 Arrest, and Autophagy in KRAS Mutant Lung Cancer Cells.

Aberrant signaling transduction induced by mutant KRAS proteins occurs in 20∼30% of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), however, a direct and effective pharmacological inhibitor targeting KRAS has not yet reached the clinic to date. Honokiol, a small molecular polyphenol natural biophenolic compound derived from the bark of magnolia trees, exerts anticancer activity, however, its mechanism remains unknown. In this study, we sought to investigate the effects of honokiol on NSCLC cell lines harboring KRAS mutations.

Identification of mitoxantrone as a new inhibitor of ROS1 fusion protein in non-small cell lung cancer cells.

Mitoxantrone, an FDA-approved drug for multiple sclerosis and hormone refractory prostate cancer, is identified as a potent inhibitor of ROS1 fusion protein by screening in non-small cell lung cancer cells. Mitoxantrone can suppress the phosphorylation of ROS1 and subsequently inhibit its downstream signaling pathway and thus induce cell apoptosis.