Allylic C-H oxygenation of unactivated internal olefins by the Cu/azodiformate catalyst system.

Allylic ethers and alcohols are essential structural motifs commonly present in natural products and pharmaceuticals. Direct allylic C-H oxygenation of internal alkenes is one of the most direct methods, bypassing the necessity for an allylic leaving group that is needed in the traditional Tsuji-Trost reaction. Herein, we develop an efficient and practical method for synthesizing (E)-allyl ethers from readily available internal alkenes and alcohols or phenols via selective allylic C-H oxidation.

S1PR3-driven positive feedback loop sustains STAT3 activation and keratinocyte hyperproliferation in psoriasis.

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder characterized by hyperproliferation of keratinocytes and persistent inflammation. Although persistent activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is implicated in its pathogenesis, the mechanisms underlying the sustained STAT3 activation remain poorly understood. Here, we identify sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 3 (S1PR3) as a critical regulator of STAT3 activation and psoriasis pathogenesis, orchestrating a self-amplifying circuit that sustains keratinocyte hyperproliferation and chronic inflammation.

A deep learning approach for predicting the antenna pointing error caused by transmission faults with simulation data.

Reflector antenna has been widely used in deep space exploration, radar warning, and other fields, all of which requires high pointing accuracy. The antenna elevation bearings are the key component that guarantees its pointing accuracy, while any degradation or fault can seriously affect the antenna's performance, leading to deviations in antenna pointing and instability during operation. However, the relationship between the antenna elevation bearing fault and its pointing accuracy remains unclear because there is insufficient experimental faulty transmission data and pointing error collected from the test-rig simultaneously.

FedPD: Defending federated prototype learning against backdoor attacks.

Federated Learning (FL) is an efficient, distributed machine learning paradigm that enables multiple clients to jointly train high-performance deep learning models while maintaining training data locally. However, due to its distributed computing nature, malicious clients can manipulate the prediction of the trained model through backdoor attacks. Existing defense methods require significant computational and communication overhead during the training or testing phases, limiting their practicality in resource-constrained scenarios and being unsuitable for the Non-IID data distribution typical in general FL scenarios.

Feasibility and Safety of the C1 "Zero Angle" Screw: A Novel "In-Out-In" Technique for Atlantoaxial Dislocation.

Objectives: To minimize the risk of V3 segment of vertebral artery (VA) injury in the atlantoaxial dislocation (AAD) patients with C1 pedicle height less than 4.0 mm and provide a strong toggle force in irreducible AAD and revision surgery. We evaluated the feasibility of C1 "Zero Angle" screw (C1ZAS) and safe entry point with "in-out-in" technique as an alternative option for C1 pedicle screw (PS) in cases with AAD.

Alpha-synuclein Fibrils Inhibit Activation of the BDNF/ERK Signaling Loop in the mPFC to Induce Parkinson's Disease-like Alterations with Depression.

Depression (Dep) is one of the most common concomitant symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD), but there is a lack of detailed pathologic evidence for the occurrence of PD-Dep. Currently, the management of symptoms from both conditions using conventional pharmacological interventions remains a formidable task. In this study, we found impaired activation of extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK), reduced levels of transcription and translation, and decreased expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of PD-Dep rats.

Nafamostat mesylate sensitizes ovarian cancer cells to carboplatin by promoting the ZNF24-mediated inhibition of WNT2B.

Resistance to chemotherapeutic medicines complicates and eventually kills people with ovarian cancer. Nafamostat mesylate (NM) has been used as an adjuvant therapy to enhance chemotherapy sensitivity in several cancers. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of NM on ovarian cancer cells susceptible to carboplatin (CBP) and to determine the underlying mechanism involved.

Multiparameter Method for Developer Screening of Molecular Glass Resists via Molecular Simulations.

Efficient and accurate developer screening is critical for high-resolution lithography. In this study, a multiparameter (MP) method simultaneously based on the Hansen solubility parameters (HSP), two-component solubility parameters (TSP), and order parameter (OP) is proposed for the developer screening of molecular glass resists via molecular dynamics simulation. A customized solvent database, including 80 organic solvents, is created for the subsequent developer screening.

Lipoprotein(a) in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin-type 9 inhibitors.

High plasma lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) levels increase the cardiovascular risk in populations with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Apolipoprotein (a) [apo(a)], a unique protein component of Lp(a), plays an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Statins, the primary medication in managing ASCVD, lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) but concurrently elevate plasma Lp(a) levels, contributing to an increased residual cardiovascular risk.

Identification and experimental validation of m7G-related molecular subtypes, immune signature, and feature genes in Alzheimer's disease.

Background: Studies has shown that N7-methylguanosine (m7G) modification plays a critical role in neurological diseases. However, the exact role and association of m7G with the immune microenvironment in Alzheimer's disease (AD) remain largely unknown and unexplored.

Methods: The study datasets comprised 667 AD samples and 503 control samples selected from eight datasets in the Gene Expression Omnibus database; m7G regulator genes were obtained from previous literature.

Exploration of GmDof11- Module Regulating Oil Synthesis in Plants.

Soybean ( [Linn.] Merr.) is an important oilseed crop.

Protective effect of 8-Gingerol, a potent constituent of ginger, on acute lung injury following hemorrhagic shock in rats.

Acute lung injury (ALI) is a common complication after hemorrhagic shock (HS), which is associated with HS-induced inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and cell apoptosis. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of 8-Gingerol, a constituent extracted from ginger, on ALI after HS in rats. We established a fixed press hemorrhage model in SD rats, in which the HS rats were administered 15 or 30 mg/kg of 8-Gingerol by intraperitoneal injection before fluid resuscitation.

Effect of aerosol inhalation of budesonide on respiratory symptoms and inflammatory factors in patients with asthma: a meta-analysis.

Objective: To review the efficacy, symptoms, inflammatory factors and pulmonary function of different doses of budesonide aerosol inhalation in the treatment of patients with asthma.

Methods: The Chinese and English literature databases were searched with "Effects of different doses of budesonide aerosol inhalation on the efficacy, lung function, inflammation, symptoms and adverse reactions in patients with asthma" as the search direction, and a Meta-analysis was performed.

Results: Compared with the low dose group, the efficacy, PEF and FEV1 were significantly increased and the clinical symptom score, TNF-α and IL-4 were significantly decreased in the high dose group ( < 0.

Sleep Health and Anxiety Symptoms in Midlife Women: The Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN).

Purpose: To investigate the associations between anxiety symptoms in midlife women and sleep features later in life, the aim is to test the hypothesis that poor sleep, as measured by each of six individual dimensions (4 objective actigraphy measures, 2 self-reports) of sleep health, is associated with higher levels of anxiety symptoms in midlife women.

Participants And Methods: The participants in this longitudinal analysis included women from the SWAN Sleep I Study, a subcohort of the community-dwelling midlife women participating in the core Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN), which was initiated in 1996. Of the 370 participants enrolled in the Sleep Study, 270 were included in the analytic sample, and 100 who did not meet the inclusion criteria were excluded.

Screening of reference genes for gene expression study in different tissues from the transcriptome data of the vector leafhopper Psammotettix striatus.

Selecting appropriate reference genes is crucial for ensuring the accuracy and reliability of gene expression study using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). To screen the optimal reference genes for analyzing gene expression in different tissues of the vector leafhopper Psammotettix striatus which causes extensive damage to a wide range of crops by vectoring multiple plant pathogenic microorganisms, the transcriptome data from Malpighian tubules (MTs) of P. striatus were mined.

Facile Synthesis to Porous TiO Nanostructures at Low Temperature for Efficient Visible-Light Degradation of Tetracycline.

In this study, nanoporous TiO with hierarchical micro/nanostructures was synthesized on a large scale by a facile one-step solvothermal method at a low temperature. A series of characterizations was performed and carried out on the as-prepared photocatalysts, which were applied to the degradation of the antibiotic tetracycline (TC). The results demonstrated that nanoporous TiO obtained at a solvothermal temperature of 100 °C had a spherical morphology with high crystallinity and a relatively large specific surface area, composed of a large number of nanospheres.

Risk factors and patterns for progression of fellow-eye myopic traction maculopathy: a 3-year retrospective cohort study.

Aims: To investigate the effect of preretinal tractional structures (PTS) and posterior scleral structures (PSS) on myopic traction maculopathy (MTM) progression.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 185 fellow highly myopic eyes of 185 participants who underwent surgery for MTM. PTS included epiretinal membrane, incomplete posterior vitreous detachment and their combination.

Irisin inhibits microglial senescence via TFAM-mediated mitochondrial metabolism in a mouse model of tauopathy.

Background: The accumulation of senescent microglia has been highlighted as a critical contributor to the progression of tauopathies. Irisin, a muscle-derived hormone produced by the proteolytic cleavage of Fibronectin-domain III containing 5 (FNDC5), mediates the pleiotropic effects of exercise on the physical body. Herein, we investigate the potential role of irisin in microglial senescence in tauopathies.

Phosphorus addition enhances heterotrophic respiration but reduces root respiration in a subtropical plantation forest.

Soil respiration (R) is a major component of the global carbon (C) cycle and is influenced by the availability of nutrients such as phosphorus (P). However, the response of R to P addition in P-limited subtropical forest ecosystems and the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. To address this, we conducted a P addition experiment (50 kg P ha yr) in a subtropical Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) plantation forest.

The landscape of angiogenesis and inflammatory factors in eyes with myopic choroidal neovascularization before and after anti-VEGF injection.

Introduction: To investigate the levels of angiogenesis and inflammatory cytokines in individuals with myopic choroidal neovascularization (mCNV) and the changes in these factors following intravitreal anti-VEGF injection.

Methods: Aqueous humor samples were gathered from eyes with mCNV, those with single macular bleeding (SMB) without mCNV in highly myopic eyes, and those with age-related cataracts. Using a multiplex bead immunoassay, we analyzed 28 angiogenesis and inflammatory factors in the aqueous humor.

METAVISION: a novel system for quantifying metamorphopsia in patients with myopic traction maculopathy.

Purpose: To develop a novel system for quantifying metamorphopsia in patients with myopic traction maculopathy (MTM) and to explore the metamorphopsia pattern of MTM.

Design: Observational, cross-sectional study.

Methods: We designed a new system.

Enantioselective Synthesis of Axially Chiral Sulfone-Containing Styrenes Based on Ion-Exchange Strategy.

A novel ion exchange strategy has been developed to enable the asymmetric construction of axially chiral sulfone-containing styrenes. This approach provides a practical synthesis pathway for various axially chiral sulfone-containing styrenes with good yields, exceptional enantioselectivities, and nearly complete E/Z selectivities. Additionally, the reaction mechanism is elucidated in detail through density functional theory (DFT) calculations.

Analysis and experimental validation of necroptosis-related molecular classification, immune signature and feature genes in Alzheimer's disease.

Necroptosis, a programmed cell death pathway, has been demonstrated to be activated in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the precise role of necroptosis and its correlation with immune cell infiltration in AD remains unclear. In this study, we conducted non-negative matrix factorization clustering analysis to identify three subtypes of AD based on necroptosis-relevant genes.