Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener
October 2024
: Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) is the primary treatment for respiratory insufficiency in neuromuscular disease. NIV implementation is usually conducted within hospitals; however, in-home implementation with intensive follow-up is an effective alternative. This pilot study aimed to assess model feasibility, acceptability, and NIV usage at 12-weeks after a single visit in-home implementation of NIV with remote monitoring follow-up (NIV@Home) compared to an in-hospital day admission NIV initiation plus planned polysomnography (Usual care).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: Home noninvasive ventilation (NIV), targeting a reduction of carbon dioxide with a combination of sufficient inspiratory support and backup-rate improves outcomes in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The aim of this systematic review with individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis was to evaluate the effects of intensity of home NIV on respiratory outcomes in individuals with slowly progressive neuromuscular (NMD) or chest-wall disorders (CWD).
Methods: Controlled, non-controlled and cohort studies indexed between January-2000 and December-2020 were sought from Medline, Embase and the Cochrane Central Register.
Background: Pleural effusion is a common cause of hospitalisation and a poor prognostic marker that is associated with morbidity and mortality. The evaluation and management of pleural effusion may be performed more effectively by a specialised pleural disease service (SPDS).
Aims: To evaluate the impact of a SPDS established in 2017 at a 400-bed metropolitan hospital in Victoria, Australia.
Pleural diseases are common and frequently result in disabling symptoms, impaired health-related quality of life and hospitalisation. Both diagnosis and management often require pleural procedures and despite a variety of pain control strategies available for clinicians to employ, many procedures are still complicated by pain and discomfort. This can interfere with procedure success and can limit patient satisfaction.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Allergy Clin Immunol
May 2022
Background: Asthma epidemics associated with thunderstorms have had catastrophic effects on individuals and emergency services. Seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR) is present in the vast majority of people who develop thunderstorm asthma (TA), but there is little evidence regarding risk factors for TA among the SAR population.
Objective: We sought to identify risk factors for a history of TA and hospital presentation in a cohort of individuals with SAR.
Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the most common clinical diagnoses among hospital inpatients. Diagnosis requires the demonstration of post-bronchodilator airflow obstruction. However, it is uncertain how often spirometry results are available at the time a diagnostic label of COPD is applied.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAlthough the diaphragm represents a critical component of the respiratory pump, the clinical presentations of diaphragm dysfunction are often non-specific and can be mistaken for other more common causes of dyspnoea. While acute bilateral diaphragm dysfunction typically presents dramatically, progressive diaphragm dysfunction associated with neuromuscular disorders and unilateral hemidiaphragm dysfunction may be identified incidentally or by recognising subtle associated symptoms. Diaphragm dysfunction should be considered in individuals with unexplained dyspnoea, restrictive respiratory function tests or abnormal diaphragm position on plain chest imaging.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Obtaining benefits from long-term noninvasive ventilation (NIV) relies on achieving adequate adherence to treatment. Reported adherence to NIV is variable and could be influenced by high-volume users and attrition of nonusers and those who die. This observational study aimed to describe patterns of use and adherence rates in new unselected users of NIV.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThis case study describes the implementation of a ward-based respiratory care unit to improve access to specialised respiratory failure management at an Australian metropolitan health service. Using a case study approach, we describe the conception, development and implementation of a respiratory care unit within a previously inexperienced ward. Key barriers and facilitators are explored and the importance of a safety culture and an aspiration for continuous quality improvement are detailed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Despite increasing capacity to remotely monitor non-invasive ventilation (NIV), how remote data varies from day to day and person to person is poorly described.
Methods: Single-centre, 2-month, prospective study of clinically stable adults on long-term NIV which aimed to document NIV-device variability. Participants were switched to a ventilator with tele-monitoring capabilities.
Mu S, Howard ME, Hannan L. Autocycling during noninvasive positive pressure ventilation producing a prolonged severe apnea and syncope, further insights. J Clin Sleep Med.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAutocycling is a form of patient-ventilator asynchrony that can occur during mechanical ventilation. In the case described, autocycling during noninvasive ventilation led to severe hyperventilation and subsequently produced a prolonged central apnea that resulted in syncope. This case represents the first description of a severe adverse event from autocycling during noninvasive ventilation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNoninvasive ventilation (NIV) settings determined during wakefulness may produce patient-ventilator asynchrony (PVA) during sleep, causing sleep disruption and limiting tolerance. This study investigated whether NIV titrated with polysomnography (PSG) is associated with less PVA and sleep disruption than therapy titrated during daytime alone.Treatment-naive individuals referred for NIV were randomised to control (daytime titration followed by sham polysomnographic titration) or PSG (daytime titration followed by polysomnographic titration) groups.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjectives: This study was performed to assess the clinical utility of a standardised thoracic ultrasound examination when added to standard care in patients with acute respiratory failure admitted to an intermediate care unit. This study aimed to assess the impact on clinical diagnosis, clinician confidence and management. Ultrasound has been shown to have utility in patients admitted to intensive care and emergency; however, utility in a ward setting is unknown.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe aim of the present study was to determine whether lung volume recruitment (LVR) acutely increases respiratory system compliance () in individuals with severe respiratory muscle weakness (RMW). Individuals with RMW resulting from neuromuscular disease or quadriplegia (n=12) and healthy controls (n=12) underwent pulmonary function testing and the measurement of at baseline, immediately after, 1 h after and 2 h after a single standardised session of LVR. The LVR session involved 10 consecutive supramaximal lung inflations with a manual resuscitation bag to the highest tolerable mouth pressure or a maximum of 50 cmHO.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: To explore the influence of descriptive differences in items evaluating mobility on index scores generated from two generic preference-based health-related quality of life (HRQoL) instruments.
Methods: The study examined cross-sectional data from a postal survey of individuals receiving assisted ventilation in two state/province-wide home mechanical ventilation services, one in British Columbia, Canada and the other in Victoria, Australia. The Assessment of Quality of Life 8-dimension (AQoL-8D) and the EQ-5D-5L were included in the data collection.
Background: Pleural ultrasound guidance reduces complications of pleural procedures, and lung ultrasound can diagnose the cause of acute respiratory failure. Yet as recently as 5 years ago, many respiratory physicians lacked sufficient access, training and expertise to perform a chest ultrasound.
Aims: This study examines whether progress has been achieved in chest ultrasound amongst respiratory physicians in Australia and New Zealand.
Rationale: Comparisons of home mechanical ventilation services have demonstrated considerable regional variation in patient populations managed with this therapy. The respiratory care practices used to support individuals receiving assisted ventilation also appear to vary, but they are not well described. It is uncertain whether differences in the approach to care could influence health outcomes for individuals receiving assisted ventilation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: This systematic review examined the effect of non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) on patient reported outcomes (PROs) and survival for individuals with or at risk of chronic respiratory failure (CRF).
Methods: Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and prospective non-randomised studies in those treated with NIPPV for CRF were identified from electronic databases, reference lists and grey literature. Diagnostic groups included in the review were amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/motor neuron disease (ALS/MND), Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), restrictive thoracic disease (RTD) and obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS).
Background: Oxaliplatin in combination with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and leucovorin (FOLFOX) is a common chemotherapeutic regimen for advanced colorectal cancer. Here, we present a case of interstitial lung disease associated with FOLFOX therapy.
Case Report: A 74-year-old man with a history of metastatic colorectal cancer was admitted with a four week history of progressive dyspnoea and evidence of severe respiratory failure.
Aims: Diagnostic microbiology for community acquired pneumonia (CAP) provides useful information for patient management, infection control and epidemiological surveillance. Newer techniques enhance that information and the time interval for obtaining results. An audit of diagnostic microbiology utilisation, microbiological aetiology, and influence of results on prescribing practices in CAP in a regional Australian hospital setting was performed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Weaning from invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) in specialized weaning units has been demonstrated to be safe and cost-effective. Success rates and outcomes vary widely, probably relating to patient factors and unit expertise.
Methods: An audit was undertaken of patients admitted for weaning from IMV at the Austin Hospital Ventilation Weaning Unit (VWU) between March 2002 and January 2008.