Laryngotracheoesophageal Cleft Type IV in a Preterm Neonate. A Case Report and Literature Review.

We present a case of a preterm neonate with a type IV laryngo-tracheo-oesophageal cleft, an uncommon congenital malformation, resulting from the failure of separation of the trachea and the oesophagus during fetal development, often associated with other deformities as well. Data in the literature shows that the long-term morbidity from the entity has declined over the last decades, even though prognosis remains unfavourable for types III and IV. This report emphasizes the complex issues neonatologists are faced with, when treating neonates with this rare disorder in the first days of life, what will raise suspicion of this rare medical entity, and that direct laryngoscopy/bronchoscopy finally depicts the exact extension of the medical condition.

Congenital Diaphragmatic Eventration in the Neonatal Period: Systematic Review of the Literature and Report of a Rare Case Presenting with Gastrointestinal Disorders.

Background: The term congenital diaphragmatic eventration (CDE) refers to an anatomical abnormality of the diaphragm. It is a very rare condition; however, early and prompt diagnosis is of very great importance due to possible life-threatening complications. Most severely affected patients are neonates, usually presented with respiratory distress symptoms.

Monkeypox disease and pregnancy. Where are we today? A review of literature.

Monkeypox has emerged as a significant human pathogen, posing severe risks in vulnerable populations. At present, there is not enough data available as to whether pregnant women are more vulnerable to monkeypox infection, or they suffer more severe symptoms, and studies on this issue as well as to the possible adverse effects on the developing fetus are limited. The aim of this review, was to bring together what is known so far about monkeypox virus transmission, the clinical course of the disease, and associated maternal-fetal outcomes.

SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Outcomes in Children with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: A Systematic Review.

The impact of COVID-19 on pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease (PIBD) is still not clear and the knowledge acquired over the last 2 years is still evolving. This study aims to investigate the risk and clinical outcomes of COVID-19 in patients with PIBD. A systematic search of PubMed and Scopus databases was conducted to identify studies published up until September 2022.

Subcapsular Liver Hematoma-A Life-Threatening Condition in Preterm Neonates-A Case Series and Systematic Review of the Literature.

The subcapsular hematoma (SLH) of the liver is a rare finding in living infants. The clinical presentation of rupture is non-specific, with the signs of hypovolemic shock dominating. The causes are several, with prematurity, trauma and sepsis playing a leading role in the creation of an SHL.

Margin-free excision of small solid breast carcinomas using the Intact Breast Lesion Excision System: is it feasible?

Background: The Breast Lesion Excision System (BLES) is a stereotactic vacuum-assisted breast biopsy device that utilizes radiofrequency in order to excise non-palpable mammographic lesions for pathologic diagnosis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of BLES in performing complete, margin-free excisions of small solid carcinomas.

Methods: Our retrospective study of prospectively enrolled patients included 50 cases of non-palpable, BIRADS ≥ 4, solid by means of mammography and sonography, lesions.

Investigation of attenuation correction in SPECT using textural features, Monte Carlo simulations, and computational anthropomorphic models.

Purpose: To present and evaluate a new methodology to investigate the effect of attenuation correction (AC) in single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) using textural features analysis, Monte Carlo techniques, and a computational anthropomorphic model.

Materials And Methods: The GATE Monte Carlo toolkit was used to simulate SPECT experiments using the XCAT computational anthropomorphic model, filled with a realistic biodistribution of (99m)Tc-N-DBODC. The simulated gamma camera was the Siemens ECAM Dual-Head, equipped with a parallel hole lead collimator, with an image resolution of 3.

Discrepancies between ESMO and NCCN breast cancer guidelines: An appraisal.

An ever growing number of medical organizations, societies, working groups and governmental agencies issue algorithms i.e. guidelines, of decision making flowcharts in diagnosis and treatment in a variety of diseases.

Differentiation of BIRADS-4 small breast lesions via Multimodal Ultrasound Tomography.

Purpose: To demonstrate the use of a new 3D diagnostic imaging technology, termed Multimodal Ultrasonic Tomography (MUT), for the detection of solid breast lesions < 15 mm in maximum dimension.

Methods And Materials: 3D MUT imaging was performed on 71 volunteers presenting BIRADS-4 nodules, asymmetrical densities, and architectural distortions in X-ray mammograms, who subsequently underwent biopsy. MUT involved D tomographic imaging of the pendulant breast in a water bath using transmission ultrasound and constructed multimodal images corresponding to refractivity and frequency-dependent attenuation (calibrated relative to water).

Breast cancer in women aged 25 years and younger.

Objective: To evaluate breast cancer characteristics in women aged 25 years and younger.

Methods: This was a retrospective, nested, within-cases matched study. The study design was based on a two-phase protocol.

Effect of clarithromycin in experimental empyema by multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Evidence from a recent randomized study of our group suggests that intravenous clarithromycin resulted in earlier resolution of ventilator-associated pneumonia. The need to understand the mechanism of action of clarithromycin guided to the study of a model of experimental empyema by multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in 40 rabbits. Animals were randomized into controls (group A); treatment with clarithromycin (group B); treatment with piperacillin/tazobactam (group C); and treatment with both agents (group D).

Thermal damage of the specimen during breast biopsy with the use of the Breast Lesion Excision System: does it affect diagnosis?

Background: Stereotactic vacuum assisted breast biopsy (VABB) procedures remain of key importance in the diagnostic evaluation of suspicious non-palpable mammographic lesions. The Breast Lesion Excision System(®) (BLES) is an image-guided percutaneous biopsy method that utilizes radiofrequency (RF) in order to retrieve an intact-tissue biopsy specimen. The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of RF application on the tissue specimen and the possible interference with the histopathologic results.

De Garengeot's hernia: a comprehensive review.

Purpose: Acute appendicitis within a femoral hernia is a rare condition that was first described by Rene Jacques de Garengeot. In the present study, we summarize the existing evidence on de Garengeot's hernia, with special emphasis on its clinical presentation and diagnostic approach.

Methods: A thorough search of the English-language literature published between 1980 and 2011 was performed.

Novel technology of multimodal ultrasound tomography detects breast lesions.

Objectives: To introduce a new three-dimensional (3D) diagnostic imaging technology, termed "multimodal ultrasonic tomography" (MUT), for the detection of breast cancer without ionising radiation or compression.

Methods: MUT performs 3D tomography of the pendulant breast in a water-bath using transmission ultrasound in a fixed-coordinate system. Specialised electronic hardware and signal processing algorithms are used to construct multimodal images for each coronal slice, corresponding to measurements of refractivity and frequency-dependent attenuation and dispersion.

Expression patterns of endothelin-1 and its receptors in colorectal cancer.

Background And Objectives: Endothelin-1 (ET-1), a potent vasoconstricting peptide, plays an important role in carcinogenesis. Previous in vitro studies have shown that colorectal cancer cells produce ET-1.

Methods: ET-1 and its receptors ET-A (ET(A) R) and ET-B (ET(B) R) were analyzed in colorectal cancer cell lines and tumors by Western blot and immunohistochemistry.

Vacuum-assisted breast biopsy: more cores, more hematomas?

Background: Vacuum-assisted breast biopsy (VABB) is used for the diagnosis of non-palpable breast lesions. Hematoma has been recognized as the main complication of the procedure. Its main disadvantage is the underestimation rate.

Epidural bleeding after ACL reconstruction under regional anaesthesia: a case report.

Introduction: Epidural bleeding as a complication of catheterization or epidural catheter removal is often associated with perioperative thromboprophylaxis especially in adult reconstructive surgery.

Case Presentation: We report on a case of a 19 years old male athlete that underwent anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, receiving low molecular weight heparin for thromboprophylaxis and developed an epidural hematoma and subsequent cauda equina syndrome two days after removal of the epidural catheter. An urgent magnetic resonance imaging scan revealed an epidural hematoma from the level of L3 to L4.

Is there a role for drain use in elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy? A controlled randomized trial.

Background: Although the issue of drain use in open cholecystectomy has been adequately addressed by prospective randomized trials, there is lack of evidence on the usefulness of drains in elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy, and the surgeons follow their beliefs and bias on this debate. Therefore, a controlled randomized trial was designed to assess the value of drains in elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Methods: During a 5-year period (January 2002 to December 2006), 284 patients were randomized to have a drain placed (group A), whereas 281 patients were randomized not to have a drain (group B) placed in the subhepatic space.

Modification of end-loop ileostomy for the treatment of ischemic or radiation enteritis.

Aim: To evaluate a new technique of temporary ileal anastomotic stoma, following small bowel resection, in patients where the anastomosis is anticipated to have borderline margins with dubious viability.

Methods: Five patients underwent enterectomy and partially anastomosed end-loop ileostomy at the University Hospital of Larissa between 2000 and 2006. Enterectomy was performed because of conditions such as mesenteric vascular occlusive disease, radiation entritis and small bowel injury.

Distal ulnar implant arthroplasty as a definitive treatment of a recurrent giant-cell tumor.

Giant-cell tumors of the distal ulna are frequently recurrent and difficult to treat. A Darrach-type resection can lead to functional impairments of the wrist and hand. A case of a 42-year-old man, who underwent a distal ulna arthroplasty for recurrent giant-cell tumor of the distal ulna, is presented.