Can intraoral and facial photos predict obstructive sleep apnea in the general and clinical population?

Study Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate and compare measurements of standardized craniofacial and intraoral photographs between clinical and general population samples, between groups of individuals with an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) ≥ 15 and AHI < 15, and their interaction, as well as the relationship with the presence and severity of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).

Methods: We used data from 929 participants from Sleep Apnea Global Interdisciplinary Consortium, in which 309 patients from a clinical setting and 620 volunteers from a general population.

Results: AHI ≥ 15 were observed in 30.

Sleep parameters in patients with chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis: a case-control study.

Objective: To compare patients with chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis (cHP) and controls with normal spirometry in terms of their sleep characteristics, as well as to establish the prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and nocturnal hypoxemia. Secondary objectives were to identify factors associated with OSA and nocturnal hypoxemia; to correlate nocturnal hypoxemia with the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) and lung function, as well as with resting SpO2, awake SpO2, and SpO2 during exercise; and to evaluate the discriminatory power of sleep questionnaires to predict OSA.

Methods: A total of 40 patients with cHP (cases) were matched for sex, age, and BMI with 80 controls, the ratio of controls to cases therefore being = 2:1.

The role of upper airway and facial skeleton anatomy in the evolution of obstructive sleep apnea: an 8-year follow-up.

Purpose: To evaluate the role of anatomic alterations of the upper airway and facial skeleton in the evolution of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in a prospective population-based study with an 8-year follow-up.

Methods: This was a population-based, longitudinal, prospective study, which took place from 2007 to 2015 at the Instituto do Sono, Sao Paulo, Brazil. In 2007, type I polysomnography (PSG), otorhinolaryngological examination, and collection of anthropometric measurements of all volunteers were performed.

Beneficial Short-Term Effects of Bariatric Surgery on Nutritional Inflammatory Profile and Metabolic Biomarkers.

Purpose: Bariatric surgery (BS) has several potential metabolic benefits. However, little is known about its impact on changes in the inflammatory potential of diet and its effect on inflammatory and metabolic markers. This study aimed to assess the short-term beneficial effects of BS on dietary inflammatory potential and inflammatory and metabolic markers.

Immediate and Medium-Term Follow-Up of Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Undergoing Pharyngeal and Nasal Surgery: A Pilot Study.

 To evaluate the evolution of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), comparing data from preoperative, immediate postoperative and late postoperative, in patients undergoing pharyngeal surgery associated with nasal surgery, and to compare the findings of arterial tonometry and type 1 polysomnography in the late postoperative period.  Seventeen adults with moderate or severe OSA were included in the study. They underwent clinical evaluation, surgical intervention, and sleep study preoperatively, on the 1 night after surgery, and after a minimum period of 3 months.

How much does sleep deprivation impair endurance performance? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the effect of sleep deprivation on endurance performance, as well as possible effect-modifying factors. Searches were done in Pubmed, Web of Science, Embase, and Scopus on 12 July 2022. We additionally searched the bibliographic references and citations on Google Scholar of the papers whose full text was analyzed.

Obstructive sleep apnea and the retina: a review.

Citation: This review's objective was to synthesize the literature on the repercussions of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in the retinal vascular system. Two independent investigators conducted a search using the MEDLINE/PubMed database using the following terms: sleep apnea syndrome, obstructive sleep apnea, retina, vascular tortuosity, central serous chorioretinopathy, diabetes mellitus, and subfoveal choroidal thickness. Patients with OSA present increased vascular tortuosity compared with patients without OSA, decreased parafoveal and peripapillary vessel density, and increased retinal vein occlusion incidence.

Oxygen saturation during sleep as a predictor of inflammation in anovulatory women.

Purpose: To evaluate the inflammatory profile of premenopausal women with anovulatory cycles, regular menstrual cycles, or using contraceptives, and the associations with sleep and health-related parameters.

Methods: Subjects completed questionnaires including the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and the Epworth sleepiness scale, underwent whole-night polysomnography, and had blood collected for analysis of inflammatory, cardiovascular, and hormonal parameters. Women of reproductive age were categorized into three groups for comparisons: anovulatory menstrual cycles, regular menstrual cycles, and hormonal contraceptive use.

A single nucleotide polymorphism in the HOMER1 gene is associated with sleep latency and theta power in sleep electroencephalogram.

Glutamate is the most excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system and it is involved in the initiation and maintaining of waking and rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep. Homer proteins act in the trafficking and/or clustering of metabotropic glutamate receptors, and polymorphisms in the HOMER1 gene have been associated with phenotypes related to glutamate signaling dysregulation. In this study, we report the association of a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the HOMER1 gene (rs3822568) with specific aspects of sleep in a sample of the Brazilian population.

Dysphagia in patients with moderate and severe obstructive sleep apnea.

Introduction: There is evidence that trauma caused by snoring in the pharynx could result in dysphagia in patients with obstructive sleep apnea, but the literature is still scarce to define the factors associated with the presence of dysphagia in these patients.

Objectives: To analyze the occurrence of dysphagia and its clinical and polysomnographic features in patients with moderate and severe obstructive sleep apnea, in addition to verifying the impact of dysphagia on the quality of life of these patients.

Methods: Seventy patients with moderate or severe apnea (apnea and hypopnea index - AHI>15/hour) were selected.

Clinicals And Upper Airway Characteristics in Obese Children with Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

Introduction: Obesity is a factor that is strongly related to the occurrence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in adults, although this association remains controversial for children.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the clinical and upper airway charactheristics, obtained by questionnaires, physical examination and laboratory tests, among obese children with and without OSA.

Method: This was aprospective cohort study.

Predictors of success for mandibular repositioning appliance in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.

The characteristics of non-obese patients with mild to moderate Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS) who will present with a good response to Mandibular Repositioning Appliance (MRA) treatment have not yet been well established in the literature. The aim of this study is to assess whether polysomnographic (PSG), demographic, anthropometric, cephalometric, and otorhinolaryngological parameters predict MRA success in the treatment of OSAS. Forty (40) males with mild and moderate OSAS were assessed pretreatment and 2-months post-treatment after wearing an MRA.

Eszopiclone versus zopiclone in the treatment of insomnia.

Objective: To determine the therapeutic effects of two selective GABA-A agonists, zopiclone and eszopiclone, in the treatment of insomnia.

Methods: This study comprised a phase III, single-center, randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, parallel-group, non-inferiority trial. Patients were randomized to receive zopiclone 7.

Factors influencing excessive daytime sleepiness in adolescents.

Objective: Sleep deprivation in adolescents has lately become a health issue that tends to increase with higher stress prevalence, extenuating routines, and new technological devices that impair adolescents' bedtime. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the excessive sleepiness frequency and the factors that might be associated to it in this population.

Methods: The cross-sectional study analyzed 531 adolescents aged 10-18 years old from two private schools and one public school.

Orofacial-cervical alterations in individuals with upper airway resistance syndrome.

Introduction: Studies that assess the upper airways in sleep-related breathing disorders have been performed only in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome who seek medical attention. Therefore, in addition to the need for population studies, there are no data on the orofacial-cervical physical examination in subjects with upper airway resistance syndrome.

Objectives: To compare the orofacial-cervical examination between volunteers with upper airway resistance syndrome and without sleep-related breathing disorders.

Musculoskeletal Pain as a Marker of Health Quality. Findings from the Epidemiological Sleep Study among the Adult Population of São Paulo City.

Background: We are witnessing the growth of urban populations, particularly in the developing world. São Paulo, the largest city in South America, continues to grow, and this growth is dramatically effecting the environment and human health. The aim of this study was to estimate the point prevalence of chronic pain in São Paulo city dwellers and to explore the influence of aspects related to urbanicity.

Impact of upper airway abnormalities on the success and adherence to mandibular advancement device treatment in patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome.

Introduction: The mandibular advancement device (MAD) is a option to treat patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS).

Objective: To assess the influence of upper airway abnormalities on the success of and adherence to MAD in patients with OSAS.

Methods: Prospective study with 30 patients with mild to moderate OSAS and indications for MAD.

Effects of post-training modafinil administration in a discriminative avoidance task in mice.

Objective: Although the cognitive-enhancing abilities after modafinil have been demonstrated, its effects on memory consolidation remain overlooked. We investigated the effects of repeated modafinil administration on consolidation of a discriminative avoidance task.

Methods: Mice were trained in the plus-maze discriminative avoidance task.

New clinical staging for pharyngeal surgery in obstructive sleep apnea patients.

Introduction: The success of pharyngeal surgery in the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome depends on the appropriate selection of patients.

Objective: To propose a new staging for indication of pharyngeal surgery in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.

Methods: A total of 54 patients undergoing extended tonsillectomy were retrospectively included, divided into six stages.

Effects of continuous positive airway pressure on blood pressure in patients with resistant hypertension and obstructive sleep apnea: a meta-analysis.

Objective: To systematically analyze the studies that have examined the effect of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on blood pressure (BP) in patients with resistant hypertension and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).

Methods: Design - meta-analysis of observational studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) indexed in PubMed and Ovid (All Journals@Ovid). participants: individuals with resistant hypertension and OSA; interventions - CPAP treatment.

Risk factors for visual hallucinations in patients with Parkinson's disease.

Aim: Parkinson's disease (PD) patients frequently present visual hallucinations (VHs) that have been associated with depression, old age, and cognitive impairment. Sleep abnormalities are also related to these factors. The aim of this study is to evaluate risk factors, particularly sleep alterations, associated with VHs in PD.

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene polymorphism predicts interindividual variation in the sleep electroencephalogram.

Previous studies have suggested that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) participates in the homeostatic regulation of sleep. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of the Val66Met functional polymorphism of the BDNF gene on sleep and sleep EEG parameters in a large population-based sample. In total 337 individuals participating in the São Paulo Epidemiologic Sleep Study were selected for analysis.

[Frequency of sleep disturbances in overweight/obese postmenopausal women].

Purpose: To evaluate the frequency of sleep disorders, such as obstructive sleep apnea, restless leg syndrome and insomnia in overweight/obese postmenopausal women seen in a climacteric sleep disorders clinic.

Methods: Thirty-four postmenopausal women were selected using the following inclusion criteria: age between 50 and 70 years; at least 12 months of amenorrhea; body mass index (BMI) greater than or equal to 25 kg/m2; and sleep-related complaints with at least one previous polysomnography. Patients provided responses to 6 questionnaires related to sleep characteristics and menopausal symptoms.