Pain Related to Intradetrusor BotulinumtoxinA: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: OnabotulinumtoxinA (BTX-A) is an effective treatment for overactive bladder (OAB), but few studies have been done to evaluate injection techniques.

Objective: The primary objective was to evaluate procedural discomfort between 2 commonly used injection techniques for BTX-A.

Study Design: This was a single-blinded, randomized clinical trial of women undergoing injection of 100 U BTX-A for idiopathic OAB.

Polystyrene-poly(ethylene oxide) diblock copolymer: the effect of polystyrene and spreading concentration at the air/water interface.

Polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene oxide) (PS-PEO) is an amphiphilic diblock copolymer that undergoes microphase separation when spread at the air/water interface, forming nanosized domains. In this study, we investigate the impact of PS by examining a series of PS-PEO samples containing constant PEO (~17,000 g·mol(-1)) and variable PS (from 3600 to 200,000 g·mol(-1)) through isothermal characterization and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The polymers separated into two categories: predominantly hydrophobic and predominantly hydrophilic with a weight percent of PEO of ~20% providing the boundary between the two.