Can intraoral and facial photos predict obstructive sleep apnea in the general and clinical population?

Study Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate and compare measurements of standardized craniofacial and intraoral photographs between clinical and general population samples, between groups of individuals with an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) ≥ 15 and AHI < 15, and their interaction, as well as the relationship with the presence and severity of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).

Methods: We used data from 929 participants from Sleep Apnea Global Interdisciplinary Consortium, in which 309 patients from a clinical setting and 620 volunteers from a general population.

Results: AHI ≥ 15 were observed in 30.

Sleep parameters in patients with chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis: a case-control study.

Objective: To compare patients with chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis (cHP) and controls with normal spirometry in terms of their sleep characteristics, as well as to establish the prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and nocturnal hypoxemia. Secondary objectives were to identify factors associated with OSA and nocturnal hypoxemia; to correlate nocturnal hypoxemia with the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) and lung function, as well as with resting SpO2, awake SpO2, and SpO2 during exercise; and to evaluate the discriminatory power of sleep questionnaires to predict OSA.

Methods: A total of 40 patients with cHP (cases) were matched for sex, age, and BMI with 80 controls, the ratio of controls to cases therefore being = 2:1.

The role of upper airway and facial skeleton anatomy in the evolution of obstructive sleep apnea: an 8-year follow-up.

Purpose: To evaluate the role of anatomic alterations of the upper airway and facial skeleton in the evolution of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in a prospective population-based study with an 8-year follow-up.

Methods: This was a population-based, longitudinal, prospective study, which took place from 2007 to 2015 at the Instituto do Sono, Sao Paulo, Brazil. In 2007, type I polysomnography (PSG), otorhinolaryngological examination, and collection of anthropometric measurements of all volunteers were performed.

Beneficial Short-Term Effects of Bariatric Surgery on Nutritional Inflammatory Profile and Metabolic Biomarkers.

Purpose: Bariatric surgery (BS) has several potential metabolic benefits. However, little is known about its impact on changes in the inflammatory potential of diet and its effect on inflammatory and metabolic markers. This study aimed to assess the short-term beneficial effects of BS on dietary inflammatory potential and inflammatory and metabolic markers.

Three-dimensional comparison between the effects of mandibular advancement device and maxillomandibular advancement surgery on upper airway.

Background: The efficacy of mandibular advancement devices (MAD) and maxillomandibular advancement (MMA) in improving upper airway (UA) patency has been described as being comparable to continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) outcomes. However, no previous study has compared MAD and MMA treatment outcomes for the upper airway enlargement. This study aimed to evaluate three-dimensionally the UA changes and mandibular rotation in patients after MAD compared to MMA.

Immediate and Medium-Term Follow-Up of Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Undergoing Pharyngeal and Nasal Surgery: A Pilot Study.

 To evaluate the evolution of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), comparing data from preoperative, immediate postoperative and late postoperative, in patients undergoing pharyngeal surgery associated with nasal surgery, and to compare the findings of arterial tonometry and type 1 polysomnography in the late postoperative period.  Seventeen adults with moderate or severe OSA were included in the study. They underwent clinical evaluation, surgical intervention, and sleep study preoperatively, on the 1 night after surgery, and after a minimum period of 3 months.

Facial and Intraoral Photographic Traits Related to Sleep Apnea in a Clinical Sample with Genetic Ancestry Analysis.

Craniofacial and pharyngeal morphology influences risk for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Quantitative photography provides phenotypic information about these anatomical factors and is feasible in large samples. However, whether associations between morphology and OSA severity differ among populations is unknown.

Risk prediction for Obstructive Sleep Apnea prognostic in Obese patients referred for bariatric surgery.

Objectives: (i) To assess the anthropometric measurements, along with the clinical characteristics and quality of life profiles of the studied patients; (ii) To determine the occurrence and severity of Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA), using polysomnography; and (iii) To identify the best anthropometric and clinical indicators to predict OSA in obese patients who are candidates for bariatric surgery.

Methods: a prospective observational study conducted in a private clinic, using consecutive sampling of patients eligible for bariatric surgery with a BMI ≥ 40, or with a BMI of ≥ 35 kg/m² accompanied by comorbidities associated with obesity.

Results: Sixty patients were initially selected, of whom 46 agreed to take part in the preoperative evaluation.

How much does sleep deprivation impair endurance performance? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the effect of sleep deprivation on endurance performance, as well as possible effect-modifying factors. Searches were done in Pubmed, Web of Science, Embase, and Scopus on 12 July 2022. We additionally searched the bibliographic references and citations on Google Scholar of the papers whose full text was analyzed.

Effect of CPAP vs. mandibular advancement device for excessive daytime sleepiness, fatigue, mood, sustained attention, and quality of life in patients with mild OSA.

Objective: This study's objective was to compare the best long-term treatment, mandibular advancement device (MAD) or continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), for patients with mild obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in improving excessive daytime sleepiness, fatigue, mood, sustained attention, and quality of life.

Methods: This study was a single-blind, parallel, randomized clinical trial with controls. The sample was composed of individuals between 18 and 65 years of age with a body mass index of < 35 kg/m and apnea/hypopnea index above five and less than 15.

The effects of sleep deprivation and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome on male reproductive function: a multi-arm randomised trial.

Sleep is essential for the maintenance of health and systemic homeostasis. Decreased sleep time and sleep quality have been associated with a wide range of diseases. To evaluate the effects of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and total or selective rapid eye movement (REM) sleep deprivation on male reproductive function, we performed a three-arm parallel study with one pre-defined OSA group and a group of healthy volunteers who were then randomised into total or REM sleep deprivation groups.

The reproducibility of clinical OSA subtypes: a population-based longitudinal study.

Purpose: The identification of subgroups of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is critical to understand disease outcome and treatment response and ultimately develop optimal care strategies customized for each subgroup. In this sense, we aimed to perform a cluster analysis to identify subgroups of individuals with OSA based on clinical parameters in the Epidemiological Sleep Study of São Paulo city (EPISONO). We aimed to analyze whether or not subgroups remain after 8 years, since there is not any evidence showing if these subtypes of clinical presentation of OSA in the same population can change overtime.

Comparing CPAP masks during initial titration for Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome: one-year experience.

Objective: Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) is the gold standard treatment for OSA. A wide variety of masks are used during CPAP therapy. The aim of the study is to compare polysomnography outcomes during titration for different types of masks (oronasal, nasal and pillow) and assess the impact on PAP titration.

Depression and obesity, but not mild obstructive sleep apnea, are associated factors for female sexual dysfunction.

Purpose: Mild obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is more prevalent than moderate and severe OSA and is more frequent in men than women. The association between OSA and female sexual dysfunction (FSD) is still poorly explored in published studies. Our aim was to investigate the prevalence of FSD in women with mild OSA and assess the impact of OSA on FSD, as well as to determine the predictors for FSD risk.

Three-dimensional craniofacial characteristics associated with obstructive sleep apnea severity and treatment outcomes.

Objectives: This study aims to assess craniofacial dimensions in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients treated with a mandibular advancement device (MAD) and to identify anatomic influences on OSA severity and MAD therapy outcomes.

Materials And Methods: Twenty patients with OSA were prospectively treated with MAD. Clinical, cone-beam computed tomography, and polysomnography exams were performed before treatment and 4-6 months after achieving the MAD therapeutic position.

Hot flashes, insomnia, and the reproductive stages: a cross-sectional observation of women from the EPISONO study.

Study Objectives: To investigate the association of hot flashes and insomnia in women in premenopause and postmenopause.

Methods: The study was performed using data from the São Paulo Epidemiological Sleep Study. Women in premenopause were classified as having regular menstrual cycles, being anovulatory, or using hormonal contraceptives.

Obstructive sleep apnea and the retina: a review.

Citation: This review's objective was to synthesize the literature on the repercussions of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in the retinal vascular system. Two independent investigators conducted a search using the MEDLINE/PubMed database using the following terms: sleep apnea syndrome, obstructive sleep apnea, retina, vascular tortuosity, central serous chorioretinopathy, diabetes mellitus, and subfoveal choroidal thickness. Patients with OSA present increased vascular tortuosity compared with patients without OSA, decreased parafoveal and peripapillary vessel density, and increased retinal vein occlusion incidence.

In patients with heart failure, enhanced ventilatory response to exercise is associated with severe obstructive sleep apnea.

Study Objectives: Patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) frequently exhibit an elevated ratio of minute ventilation over CO output (VE/VCO slope) while undergoing exercise tests. One of the factors contributing to this elevated slope is an increased chemosensitivity to CO in that this slope significantly correlates with the slope of the ventilatory response to CO rebreathing at rest. A previous study in patients with CHF and central sleep apnea showed that the highest VE/VCO slope during exercise was associated with the most severe central sleep apnea.

Heart rate variability during wakefulness as a marker of obstructive sleep apnea severity.

Study Objectives: Patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) exhibit heterogeneous heart rate variability (HRV) during wakefulness and sleep. We investigated the influence of OSA severity on HRV parameters during wakefulness in a large international clinical sample.

Methods: 1247 subjects (426 without OSA and 821 patients with OSA) were enrolled from the Sleep Apnea Global Interdisciplinary Consortium.

Efficacy of nasal masks versus nasal pillows masks during continuous positive airway pressure titration for patients with obstructive sleep apnea.

Purpose: Nasal masks are usually the first choice for CPAP therapy, but patients may experience side effects. There are limited data regarding the efficacy of nasal pillows masks during CPAP titration. This study aimed to compare the polysomnography outcomes during CPAP titration while comparing two types of masks (nasal and pillows) and to assess whether or not the patient characteristics differed between mask preferences.

The effects of continuous positive airway pressure and mandibular advancement therapy on metabolic outcomes of patients with mild obstructive sleep apnea: a randomized controlled study.

Background: Moderate and severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) have been independently associated with dyslipidemia. The results of metabolic improvement with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) have been controversial. Less evidence exists regarding this issue in mild OSA.

Waist-to-height ratio and waist circumference as the main measures to evaluate obstructive sleep apnea in the woman's reproductive life stages.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a highly prevalent sleep disorder. In women, the frequency of OSA increases substantially during and after the menopause, as does the prevalence of obesity in this reproductive life stage. This cross-sectional study uses data from the Sao Paulo Epidemiologic Sleep Study (EPISONO, 2007), and comprises a sample of 500 women aged 20-80 years.

Is snoring during pregnancy a predictor of later life obstructive sleep apnoea? A case-control study.

Background: Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) appears common in pregnancy. Complications of pregnancy such as gestational diabetes and hypertension predispose women to cardiometabolic disease in later life. It is unknown if snoring during pregnancy is a risk marker for later-life OSA.

Oxygen saturation during sleep as a predictor of inflammation in anovulatory women.

Purpose: To evaluate the inflammatory profile of premenopausal women with anovulatory cycles, regular menstrual cycles, or using contraceptives, and the associations with sleep and health-related parameters.

Methods: Subjects completed questionnaires including the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and the Epworth sleepiness scale, underwent whole-night polysomnography, and had blood collected for analysis of inflammatory, cardiovascular, and hormonal parameters. Women of reproductive age were categorized into three groups for comparisons: anovulatory menstrual cycles, regular menstrual cycles, and hormonal contraceptive use.