Taming Highly Enolizable Aldehydes via Enzyme Catalysis for Enantiocomplementary Construction of β-Hydroxyphosphonates.

Taming highly enolizable aldehydes for catalytic asymmetric C-C coupling with nucleophiles remains an elusive challenge compared to widely explored simple alkyl or aryl aldehydes. Herein, we use ThDP-dependent enzymes to realize the direct C-C coupling of highly enolizable 2-phosphonate aldehydes with in situ-generated dynamically reversible nucleophiles (acyl anions). Unlike NHC-mediated reactions that yield complex mixtures of multiple adducts, our enzymatic process selectively produces biologically active β-hydroxy phosphonates with high yields (up to 95%) and excellent enantioselectivities (up to 99% ee).

Unlocking Biochar's Potential: Innovative Strategies for Sustainable Remediation of Heavy Metal Stress in Tobacco Plants.

Tobacco, being a globally cultivated crop, holds significant social and economic importance. Tobacco plants are susceptible to the adverse effects of heavy metals (HMs), particularly cadmium (Cd), which hinders root development, disrupts water balance, and impedes nutrient absorption. Higher concentrations of HMs, especially Cd, naturally accumulate in tobacco leaves due to complex interactions within the plant-soil continuum.

5-Methylcytosine-modified circRNA-CCNL2 regulates vascular remdeling in hypoxic pulmonary hypertension through binding to FXR2.

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a malignant cardiovascular disease with a complex etiology. 5-Methylcytosine (m5C) is a post-transcriptional RNA modification identified in both stable and highly abundant RNAs, with a lower frequency of occurrence in circular RNAs (circRNAs). Nevertheless, the function of m5C-modified circRNAs in the pathogenesis of PH remains uncertain.

Engineering vanadium vacancies to accelerate ion kinetics for high performance zinc ion battery.

Vanadium dioxide (VO) has attracted significant attention in aqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs) owing to their desirable theoretical specific capacity originated from multiple electrons transfer reaction and special crystal structure. However, sluggish electrochemical kinetics leads to inferior electrochemical storage performance. Herein, rich vanadium vacancies were introduced in tunnel VO to boost Zn diffusion, increasing charge storage capacity and lengthen lifespan.

Phosphaguanidinate yttrium carbene, carbyne and carbide complexes: three distinct C1 functionalities.

The phosphaguanidinate rare-earth-metal bis(aminobenzyl) complexes [(PhP)C(NCHPr-2,6)]Ln(CHCH NMe-) (Ln = Y(1-Y) and Lu(1-Lu)) were synthesized by the protonolysis of (PhP)[C(NHR)(NR)] (R = 2,6-(Pr)CH) with Ln(CHCHNMe-) (Ln = Y and Lu). Interestingly, the ring-opening rearrangement product [-MeNCHCHC(NCHPr-2,6)]Lu(CHCHNMe-)[O(CH)PPh] (2) was obtained when the acid-base reaction was carried out in THF solution at 60 °C for 36 h. Additionally, the trinuclear homometallic yttrium multimethyl/methylidene complex {[(PhP)C(NCHPr-2,6)]Y(μ-Me)}(μ-Me)(μ-CH) (3) was synthesized by the treatment of 1-Y with AlMe (2 equiv.

Challenges of quaternary ammonium antimicrobial agents: Mechanisms, resistance, persistence and impacts on the microecology.

Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) served as broad spectrum antimicrobial agents are widely applied for surface disinfection, skin and mucous disinfection, and mouthwash. The daily applications of QACs have significantly increased, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the environmental residues of QACs have demonstrated harmful impacts on the environment, leading to an increase in environmental contamination, resistant microbes and disruption of microecology.

Detection of Pear Quality Using Hyperspectral Imaging Technology and Machine Learning Analysis.

The non-destructive detection of fruit quality is indispensable in the agricultural and food industries. This study aimed to explore the application of hyperspectral imaging (HSI) technology, combined with machine learning, for a quality assessment of pears, so as to provide an efficient technical method. Six varieties of pears were used for inspection, including 'Sucui No.

Characterizing Y224 conformational flexibility in FtmOx1-catalysis using F NMR spectroscopy.

α-Ketoglutarate-dependent non-haem iron (αKG-NHFe) enzymes play a crucial role in natural product biosynthesis, and in some cases exhibiting multifunctional catalysis capability. This study focuses on αKG-NHFe enzyme FtmOx1, which catalyzes endoperoxidation, dealkylation, and alcohol oxidation reactions in verruculogen biosynthesis. We explore the hypothesis that the conformational dynamics of the active site Y224 confer the multifunctional activities of FtmOx1-catalysis.

FM-568: A Promising Phenyl-Hydrazonomalononitrile Antibacterial Agent for the Sustainable Management of Citrus Canker.

Citrus canker, caused by subsp. (), poses a significant threat to citrus production worldwide. To develop effective and eco-friendly antibacterial agents, we designed and synthesized phenyl-hydrazonomalononitrile derivatives using a scaffold-hopping strategy.

Mechanically Robust Triboelectric Aerogels Enabled by Dense Bridging of MXene.

Aerogels are widely applied for construction, aerospace, military, and energy owing to their lightweight, high specific surface area, and high porosity. The high porosity of aerogels often leads to a lack of mechanical strength, which limits their applications. Here, this study reports a mechanically robust MXene/cellulose nanocrystal composite aerogel enabled by inducing dense bridging through salting-out.

Revealing the mobilization and age of estuarine dissolved organic matter during floods using radiocarbon and molecular fingerprints.

Estuaries significantly affect the transport of dissolved organic matter (DOM) from land to ocean. While the transport and composition of estuarine DOM have been extensively studied, the direct link between DOM chemistry and its age remains unclear, limiting a comprehensive understanding of the dynamics and fate of estuarine DOM under severe conditions (e.g.

[Retracted] Tanshinone II A stabilizes vulnerable plaques by suppressing RAGE signaling and NF‑κB activation in apolipoprotein‑E‑deficient mice.

Following the publication of this paper, it was drawn to the Editor's attention by a concerned reader that certain of the western blotting data shown in Fig. 4B on p. 4988 had already appeared in an article written by different authors at different research institutes that had already been published.

Engineering the Methylerythritol Phosphate Pathway and Using a Temporal Promoter for Enhanced Lycopene Production in HY01.

HY01 is a high-yield strain for industrial production of coenzyme Q (Q), indicating its potential for producing other terpenoids. However, the production of Q substantially depletes isoprene precursors, nearly eliminating other terpenoids like spheroidene and spheroidenone commonly found in wild-type . Lycopene was used as an example to demonstrate its potential for terpenoid biosynthesis.

NPtagM: A Tailoring Enzyme Genome Mining Toolkit and Its Application in Terpenoid P450s from Phytopathogenic Fungi.

Terpenoids derived from phytopathogenic fungi are major participants in interactions among microorganisms, plants, and animals. The modifications catalyzed by cytochrome P450s significantly influence the structural and bioactivity diversity of the terpenoids. To conduct genome mining of P450s in pathogenic fungi, in this study, we developed a new software called atural roducts iloring Enzymes enome ining (NPtagM).

New Polyketide Congeners with Antibacterial Activities from an Endophytic Fungus 17035 (China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center No. 40666).

Four new polyketides, heterocornol Y (), stemphyindan (), pestalospirane C (), and stemphyspyrane (), along with five known ones (-) were isolated from the endophytic fungus 17035 (SG17035) based on the One Strain Many Compounds (OSMAC) strategy allied with an LC-MS approach. These structures were elucidated through extensive spectroscopic analyses, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and C NMR-DP4 analysis. Pestalospirane C () and stemphyspyrane () featured unprecedented spiroketal skeletons.

HFIP-driven Schmidt-type reaction enables chromone-3-carbonitriles and its applications.

Chromone-3-carbonitrile has been extensively studied in a panel of high-value transformations. However, existing protocols for the synthesis of this scaffold are often constrained by the structure of the starting materials and harsh conditions. To address these issues, we present a novel strategy that HFIP (hexafluoroisopropanol)-driven strategy, enables chromone-3-carbonitriles synthesis without undesirable side reactions.

Community prevention and standardized clinical treatment jointly improve cancer outcome: Real-world evidence from an esophageal cancer patient cohort study.

Extensive efforts have been put into reducing the heavy burden of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in China. However, the joint impact of prevention and treatment on the long-term overall survival (OS) of ESCC patients remains largely unknown. We consecutively recruited 13,255 ESCC patients from two Chinese centers: the Northern center, located in a high-risk area with abundant screening programs; and the Southern center, situated in a non-high-risk area with improved clinical practices.

Role and therapeutic potential of E3s in the tumor microenvironment of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a high-incidence, poor-prognosis malignancy worldwide, requiring new strategies for treatment. Ubiquitination, especially ubiquitination through E3 ubiquitin ligases, plays an indispensable role in the development and progression of HCC. E3 ubiquitin ligases are crucial enzymes in ubiquitination, controlling the degradation of specific substrate proteins and influencing various cellular functions, such as tumor cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and immune evasion.

Melatonin Ameliorates Cadmium Toxicity in Tobacco Seedlings by Depriving Its Bioaccumulation, Enhancing Photosynthetic Activity and Antioxidant Gene Expression.

Soil remediation for cadmium (Cd) toxicity is essential for successful tobacco cultivation and production. Melatonin application can relieve heavy metal stress and promote plant growth; however, it remains somewhat unclear whether melatonin supplementation can remediate the effects of Cd toxicity on the growth and development of tobacco seedlings. Herein, we evaluated the effect of soil-applied melatonin on Cd accumulation in tobacco seedlings, as well as the responses in growth, physiological and biochemical parameters, and the expression of stress-responsive genes.

Study on the Function of Leptin Nutrient Acquisition and Energy Metabolism of Zebrafish ().

Leptin plays an indispensable role in energy homeostasis, and its involvement in metabolic activities has been extensively explored in fish. We generated mutant lines of (-5 bp) and (+8 bp) in zebrafish using CRISPR/Cas9 technology to explore the metabolic characteristics of and mutant zebrafish in response to high glucose nutritional stress induced by high levels of carbohydrates. The results were as follows: the body weight and food intake of adult zebrafish of the two mutant species were increased; the visceral fat accumulation, whole-body crude lipid, and crude protein contents of were increased; and the visceral fat accumulation and crude lipid in zebrafish were decreased.

Super-Enhancer-Driven Syndecan-4 Regulates Intercellular Communication in Hypoxic Pulmonary Hypertension.

Background: Unveiling pro-proliferation genes involved in crosstalk between pulmonary artery endothelial cells and pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) are important to improving the therapeutic outcome of pulmonary hypertension (PH). Although growing studies have shown that super-enhancers (SEs) play a pivotal role in pathological and physiological processes, the SE-associated genes in PH and their impact on PASMC proliferation remain largely unexplored.

Methods And Results: We used serotype 5 adenovirus-associated virus to interfere with syndecan-4 and constructed an SU5416 combined with hypoxia-PH model.

Comprehensive single-cell profiling of monocytes in HLA-B27-positive ankylosing spondylitis with acute anterior uveitis.

Acute anterior uveitis (AAU) is a common extra-articular manifestation of ankylosing spondylitis (AS), particularly in patients positive for the human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-B27 genetic marker. To explore the underlying mechanisms of HLA-B27 AS-associated AAU, we employed single-cell RNA sequencing to profile the transcriptomes of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in three HLA-B27 AS-associated AAU patients and three healthy controls (HCs). We identified 11 distinct immune cell clusters, with a particular focus on monocytes, revealing six subsets, including three previously unidentified subsets, namely, GTPase immune-associated proteins, Th17-related, and lncRNA monocytes, with unique gene expression patterns.

Intraoperative evaluation of tumor margins using a TROP2 near-infrared imaging probe to enable human breast-conserving surgery.

Intraoperative surgical margin assessment remains a challenge during breast-conserving surgery. Here, we report a combined strategy of immuno-positron emission tomography (PET) for preoperative detection of breast cancer and guided assessment of margins in breast-conserving surgery through second near-infrared (NIR-II) fluorescence imaging of trophoblastic cell surface antigen 2 (TROP2). We demonstrated that the intensity of PET signals in the tumors was nearly five times higher than in normal breast tissue with a zirconium-89 tracer conjugated to sacituzumab govitecan (SG) in a mouse spontaneous breast cancer model, enabling the identification of tumors.

Identifying sesterterpenoids via feature-based molecular networking and small-scale fermentation.

Terpenoids are known for their diverse structures and broad bioactivities with significant potential in pharmaceutical applications. However, natural products with low yields are usually ignored in traditional chemical analysis. Feature-based molecular networking (FBMN) was developed recently to cluster compounds with similar skeletons, which can highlight trace amounts of unknown compounds.