Transcriptome Analysis of Rice Near-Isogenic Lines Inoculated with Two Strains of pv. , AH28 and PXO99.

Rice bacterial blight (BB), caused by pv. (), is a major threat to rice production and food security. Exploring new resistance genes and developing varieties with broad-spectrum and high resistance has been a key focus in rice disease resistance research.

The golden genome annotation of Ganoderma lingzhi reveals a more complex scenario of eukaryotic gene structure and transcription activity.

Background: It is generally accepted that nuclear genes in eukaryotes are located independently on chromosomes and expressed in a monocistronic manner. However, accumulating evidence suggests a more complex landscape of gene structure and transcription. Ganoderma lingzhi, a model medicinal fungus, currently lacks high-quality genome annotation, hindering genetic studies.

OsRHS Negatively Regulates Rice Heat Tolerance at the Flowering Stage by Interacting With the HSP Protein cHSP70-4.

Heat stress at the flowering stage significantly impacts rice grain yield, yet the number of identified genes associated with rice heat tolerance at this crucial stage remains limited. This study focuses on elucidating the function of the heat-induced gene reduced heat stress tolerance 1 (OsRHS). Overexpression of OsRHS leads to reduced heat tolerance, while RNAi silencing or knockout of OsRHS enhances heat tolerance without compromising yield, as assessed by the seed setting rate.

Sophora subprostrate polysaccharide targets LncRNA MSTRG.5823.1 to suppress PCV2-mediated immunosuppression via TNF/NF-κB signaling.

Current evidence suggests that porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) infection induces immunosuppression in piglets. Sophora subprostrate polysaccharide (SSP) exhibits various pharmacological activities, including immunoregulatory, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and antioxidant properties. However, the acts of lncRNAs in regulating the therapeutic effects of SSP on PCV2-infected RAW264.

Multi-faceted effects of NaCl on salt-tolerant microalgae Golenkinia sp. SDEC-16.

The salt-tolerant microalgae are extremely few and salt-tolerance mechanism is unclear, requiring urgent exploration of salt-tolerance mechanism of known microalgae. This study was first to reveal the salt-tolerance mechanism of Golenkinia sp. SDEC-16 by investigating the growth and metabolism under different salinities and high salinity long-term cultivation.

Transcriptome and Metabolome Analysis of Rice Cultivar CBB23 after Inoculation by pv. Strains AH28 and PXO99.

Bacterial leaf blight (BLB), among the most serious diseases in rice production, is caused by pv. (). , the broadest resistance gene against BLB in rice, is widely used in rice breeding.

OsLSC6 Regulates Leaf Sheath Color and Cold Tolerance in Rice Revealed by Metabolite Genome Wide Association Study.

Plant metabolites including anthocyanins play an important role in the growth of plants, as well as in regulating biotic and abiotic stress responses to the environment. Here we report comprehensive profiling of 3315 metabolites and a further metabolic-based genome-wide association study (mGWAS) based on 292,485 SNPs obtained from 311 rice accessions, including 160 wild and 151 cultivars. We identified hundreds of common variants affecting a large number of secondary metabolites with large effects at high throughput.

Improved antioxidant activity of pretreated lignin nanoparticles: Evaluation and self-assembly.

Lignin nanoparticles (LNPs) have gained significant attention for their potential as natural antioxidants. This study investigated the effect of various pretreatment methods on the lignin structure and subsequent antioxidant activity of LNPs. Among four pretreated LNPs, hydrothermal LNPs exhibited the highest antioxidant activity, surpassing unpretreated, acid-pretreated and kraft LNPs, with an impressive efficacy of 91.

An Integrated Approach Including CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Nanopore Sequencing, Mate Pair Sequencing, and Cytogenomic Methods to Characterize Complex Structural Rearrangements in Acute Myeloid Leukemia.

Complex structural chromosome abnormalities such as chromoanagenesis have been reported in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). They are usually not well characterized by conventional genetic methods, and the characterization of chromoanagenesis structural abnormalities from short-read sequencing still presents challenges. Here, we characterized complex structural abnormalities involving chromosomes 2, 3, and 7 in an AML patient using an integrated approach including CRISPR/Cas9-mediated nanopore sequencing, mate pair sequencing (MPseq), and SNP microarray analysis along with cytogenetic methods.

Root microbiota analysis of and reveals an orientation selection during the domestication process.

The root-associated microbiota has a close relation to the life activities of plants, and its composition is affected by the rhizospheric environment and plant genotypes. Rice () was domesticated from the ancestor species . Many important agricultural traits and adversity resistance of rice have changed during a long time of natural domestication and artificial selection.

Phosphorus-supplemented seawater-wastewater cyclic system for microalgal cultivation: Production of high-lipid and high-protein algae.

The reuse of wastewater after seawater cultivation is critically important. In this study, a phosphorus-supplemented seawater-wastewater cyclic system (PSSWCS) based on Chlorella pyrenoidosa SDEC-35 was developed. With the addition of phosphorus, the algal biomass and the ability to assimilate nitrogen and carbon were improved.

Transcription factor encoding gene OsC1 regulates leaf sheath color through anthocyanidin metabolism in Oryza rufipogon and Oryza sativa.

Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, minerals and vitamins are nutrient substances commonly seen in rice grains, but anthocyanidin, with benefit for plant growth and animal health, exists mainly in the common wild rice but hardly in the cultivated rice. To screen the rice germplasm with high intensity of anthocyanidins and identify the variations, we used metabolomics technique and detected significant different accumulation of anthocyanidins in common wild rice (Oryza rufipogon, with purple leaf sheath) and cultivated rice (Oryza sativa, with green leaf sheath). In this study, we identified and characterized a well-known MYB transcription factor, OsC1, through phenotypic (leaf sheath color) and metabolic (metabolite profiling) genome-wide association studies (pGWAS and mGWAS) in 160 common wild rice (O.

Aluminum ion intercalation in mesoporous multilayer carbocatalysts promotes the conversion of glucose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural.

In this study, an efficient modification strategy was proposed by facile loading of trace aluminum ions and -toluene sulfonic acid (-TSA) in carbon materials to improve their catalytic activity. -TSA is then proven to regulate the carbonization process and promote the formation of mesoporous and multilayer structures. The hexa-coordinated aluminum structure is characterized by H-Al solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (SSNMR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, which serves as the Lewis-Brønsted acid site in carbocatalysts.

Unveiling the Roles of LncRNA in Rice Blast Disease Resistance.

Rice blast disease, caused by the fungal pathogen , is a major threat to rice production worldwide. This study investigates the role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in rice's response to this destructive disease, with a focus on their impacts on disease resistance and yield traits. Three specific lncRNAs coded by infection-responsive lncRNAs (), , , and , were identified as key regulators of rice's response to infection.

Inhalation of panaxadiol alleviates lung inflammation inhibiting TNFA/TNFAR and IL7/IL7R signaling between macrophages and epithelial cells.

Background: Lung inflammation occurs in many lung diseases, but has limited effective therapeutics. Ginseng and its derivatives have anti-inflammatory effects, but their unstable physicochemical and metabolic properties hinder their application in the treatment. Panaxadiol (PD) is a stable saponin among ginsenosides.

MKK3 Cascade Regulates Seed Dormancy Through a Negative Feedback Loop Modulating ABA Signal in Rice.

Background: With the increasing frequency of climatic anomalies, high temperatures and long-term rain often occur during the rice-harvesting period, especially for early rice crops in tropical and subtropical regions. Seed dormancy directly affects the resistance to pre-harvest sprouting (PHS). Therefore, in order to increase rice production, it is critical to enhance seed dormancy and avoid yield losses to PHS.

Electron Localization-Triggered Proton Pumping Toward Cu Single Atoms for Electrochemical CO Methanation of Unprecedented Selectivity.

Slow multi-proton coupled electron transfer kinetics and unexpected desorption of intermediates severely hinder the selectivity of CO methanation. In this work, a one-stone-two-bird strategy of pumping protons and improving adsorption configuration/capability enabled by electron localization is developed to be highly efficient for CH electrosynthesis over Cu single atoms anchored on bismuth vacancies of BiVO (BiVO─Cu), with superior kinetic isotope effect and high CH Faraday efficiency (92%), far outperforming state-of-the-art electrocatalysts for CO methanation. Control experiments and theoretical calculations reveal that the bismuth vacancies (V) not only act as active sites for HO dissociation but also induce electron transfer toward Cu single-atom sites.

Pressure-sensitive multivesicular liposomes as a smart drug-delivery system for high-altitude pulmonary edema.

Changes in bodily fluid pressures, such as pulmonary artery pressure, play key roles in high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) and other disorders. Smart delivery systems releasing a drug in response to these pressures might facilitate early medical interventions. However, pressure-responsive delivery systems are unavailable.

Improvement of Rice Blast Resistance in TGMS Line HD9802S through Optimized Anther Culture and Molecular Marker-Assisted Selection.

Rice blast caused by is one of the most serious rice diseases worldwide. The early rice thermosensitive genic male sterile (TGMS) line HD9802S has the characteristics of stable fertility, reproducibility, a high outcrossing rate, excellent rice quality, and strong combining ability. However, this line exhibits poor blast resistance and is highly susceptible to leaf and neck blasts.

Dry Powder Formulations for Inhalation Require a Smaller Aerodynamic Diameter for Usage at High Altitude.

Background: High Altitude Pulmonary Edema (HAPE) seriously threatens the health of people at high altitudes. There are drug treatments for HAPE, and dry powder formulations (DPFs) represent a rapid and accessible delivery vehicle for these drugs. However, there are presently no reports on the inhalability of DPFs in low-pressure environments.

Re-exposure of chitosan by an inhalable microsphere providing the re-education of TAMs for lung cancer treatment with assistant from sustained HS generation.

The re-education of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) is an effective strategy to inhibit the growth and metastasis of lung cancer. We have reported that chitosan could re-educate the TAMs and then inhibit cancer metastasis; however, the re-exposure of chitosan from the chemical corona on their surface is critical for this effect. In this study, a strategy was proposed to re-expose the chitosan from chemical corona, and a sustained HS generation was applied to enhance the immunotherapy of chitosan.

The genetic basis of grain protein content in rice by genome-wide association analysis.

Unlabelled: The grain protein content (GPC) of rice is an important factor that determines its nutritional, cooking, and eating qualities. To date, although a number of genes affecting GPC have been identified in rice, most of them have been cloned using mutants, and only a few genes have been cloned in the natural population. In this study, 135 significant loci were detected in a genome-wide association study (GWAS), many of which could be repeatedly detected across different years and populations.

Creation and gene expression analysis of a giant embryo rice mutant with high GABA content.

Unlabelled: Gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) is a natural non-protein amino acid involved in stress, signal transmission, carbon and nitrogen balance, and other physiological processes in plants. In the human body, GABA has the effects of lowering blood pressure, anti-aging, and activating the liver and kidneys. However, there are few studies on the molecular regulation mechanism of genes in the metabolic pathways of GABA during grain development of giant embryo rice with high GABA content.

Selective saccharification of crude glycerol pretreated sugarcane bagasse via fast pyrolysis: Reaction kinetics and life cycle assessment.

Saccharification is a pivotal step in the conversion of lignocellulose to biofuels and chemicals. In this study, crude glycerol derived from biodiesel production was used in pretreatment to facilitate efficient and clean pyrolytic saccharification of sugarcane bagasse. Delignification, demineralization, destruction of lignin-carbohydrate complex structure, and cellulose crystallinity improvement in crude glycerol pretreated biomass could enhance levoglucosan producing reactions against competitive reactions, and therefore facilitate a kinetically controlled pyrolysis with apparent activation energy increased by 2-fold.

Genetic Diversity and Breeding Signatures for Regional Indica Rice Improvement in Guangdong of Southern China.

As the pioneer of the Green Revolution in China, Guangdong province witnessed the improvement and spread of semi-dwarf Xian/Indica rice cultivars and possessed diverse rice germplasm of landrace and cultivars. A total of 517 accessions containing a core germplasm of 479 newly sequenced landraces and modern cultivars were used to reveal breeding signatures and key variations for regional genetic improvement of indica rice from Guangdong. Four subpopulations were identified in the collection, which including Ind IV as a novel subpopulation that not covered by previously released accessions.