The therapeutic effect and mechanism of carnosic acid in Aspergillus fumigatus keratitis.

Fungal keratitis is a vision-threatening corneal infectious disease. However, clinically therapeutic medicines cannot attain ideal efficacy due to limited control of fungal virulence and excessive inflammatory response. Carnosic acid (CA) is a phenolic diterpene, which has been reported to have multiple abilities including antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant.

The gender paradox in sepsis: Exploring male vulnerability and female resilience.

The role of gender in sepsis outcomes remains controversial. Numerous epidemiological studies investigating gender-dependent clinical outcomes in sepsis have yielded conflicting evidence. While the literature varies, most studies indicate that male gender is associated with worse sepsis outcomes and survival.

Deep learning-based multi-task prediction of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy using multiscale whole slide images in breast cancer: A multicenter study.

Objective: Early predicting response before neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is crucial for personalized treatment plans for locally advanced breast cancer patients. We aim to develop a multi-task model using multiscale whole slide images (WSIs) features to predict the response to breast cancer NAC more finely.

Methods: This work collected 1,670 whole slide images for training and validation sets, internal testing sets, external testing sets, and prospective testing sets of the weakly-supervised deep learning-based multi-task model (DLMM) in predicting treatment response and pCR to NAC.

Targeting Lung Damage: Amniotic Mesenchymal Stem Cells Mitigate Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury via Multiple Signaling Pathways.

Acute lung injury (ALI) is a life-threatening condition triggered by pneumonia, viral infections, or physical trauma. It manifests clinically as progressive respiratory failure and refractory hypoxemia. Using a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury mouse model, we demonstrated that amniotic mesenchymal stem cells (AMSCs) exhibit robust reparative and anti-inflammatory properties.

Machine learning-assisted ratiometric fluorescence sensor array for recognition of multiple quinolones antibiotics.

Developing analytical methods for simultaneous detection of multiple antibiotic residues is crucial for environmental protection and human health. In this study, a dual lanthanide fluorescence probe (GDP-Eu-Tb) based on nucleotides has been designed. The addition of quinolone antibiotics (QNs) quench the Eu fluorescence signal through the inner filter effect (IFE) and exhibit characteristic peaks, enabling ratio fluorescence detection of levofloxacin (LVLX), gatifloxacin (GTLX), and moxifloxacin (MXLX).

A one-pot multicomponent tandem reaction for the rapid synthesis of 2-amino-3-benzylindoles.

The simultaneous introduction of two functional groups into molecules a one-pot process is of great importance for the synthesis of complex molecules. However, this remains a challenging task due to the need for precise control of regio- and chemo-selectivity. In this paper, we present a novel oxidative cross-dehydrogenation coupling (CDC) reaction that selectively introduces two nucleophiles at the C2,3-positions of indoles, thereby constructing the C-N and C-C bonds simultaneously in one pot.

Allelopathic inhibitory of thymol on Arabidopsis thaliana primary root growth is mediated by ABA signaling pathway.

Abscisic acid (ABA) is a sesquiterpenoid phytohormone involved in controlling plant root growth and development. Thymol, a monoterpene allelochemical, showed a potent phytotoxic effect in plants. It can rapidly inhibit seed germination and seedling growth.

Rutin resists Aspergillus fumigatus keratitis by activating Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, inhibiting Dectin-1/p-Syk pathway and affecting fungal structures.

Fungal keratitis (FK) is a severe vision-threatening eye disease. The fungal invasiveness and excessive inflammatory response contribute to corneal tissue damage. Rutin (RT) possesses anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and improved wound-healing characteristics.

Early NCCT imaging signs for prognostication in intracerebral hemorrhage: a retrospective cohort study with long follow up results.

Objective: This study intends to investigate the connection between non-contrast computed tomography (NCCT) imaging findings and neurological function scores in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in a long follow up of 451 patients.

Methods: Between January 2020 and October 2021, a retrospective review was undertaken on patients with ICH. The NCCT imaging results within 24 h of symptom onset, clinical information, biochemical markers and the one-year outcome post-discharge were collected and analyzed.

Assessments of lung nodules by an artificial intelligence chatbot using longitudinal CT images.

Large language models have shown efficacy across multiple medical tasks. However, their value in the assessment of longitudinal follow-up computed tomography (CT) images of patients with lung nodules is unclear. In this study, we evaluate the ability of the latest generative pre-trained transformer (GPT)-4o model to assess changes in malignancy probability, size, and features of lung nodules on longitudinal CT scans from 647 patients (547 from two local centers and 100 from a public dataset).

Predicting responsiveness to fixed-dose methylene blue in adult patients with septic shock using interpretable machine learning: a retrospective study.

This study aimed to develop an interpretable machine learning model to predict methylene blue (MB) responsiveness in adult patients with refractory septic shock and to identify key factors influencing MB responsiveness using the SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) approach. We retrospectively analyzed data from 416 adult patients with refractory septic shock who received MB treatment at Xiangya Hospital of Central South University between June 2018 and October 2022. MB responders were defined as patients who, within 6 hours after MB administration, exhibited either a reduction in average norepinephrine equivalence (NEE) of ≥ 10% or an increase in mean arterial pressure of ≥ 10 mmHg without an associated increase in NEE.

Diagnosis for neonatal sepsis-associated encephalopathy: don't forget neuropathological biomarkers.

It is imperative to conduct extensive research to elucidate the intricate relationship between neuropathological biomarkers and neonatal sepsis, which represents an intriguing and significant subject for exploration. Such research will enhance our comprehension of the underlying neuropathological mechanisms and potentially identify biomarkers that could facilitate the diagnosis of nSAE and inform treatment decisions. Integrating neuropathological biomarkers into diagnostic protocols may provide a more thorough understanding of the impact of sepsis on the brain, thereby aiding in the early detection and improved management of neurological complications, ultimately leading to more targeted and efficacious therapeutic interventions.

Glial vascular Unit as a bridge between Blood-Brain Barrier and glymphatic System: Roles in sepsis-associated encephalopathy.

This article underscores the Glial Vascular Unit (GVU) 's possible role in bridging the Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) and Glymphatic System in Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE). Future studies should prioritize understanding the mechanistic underpinnings of GVU dysfunction in sepsis and explore interventions aimed at modulating BBB permeability, astrocytic function, and glymphatic clearance. Understanding these complex mechanisms is crucial for developing therapeutic strategies aimed at mitigating the neurological impact of sepsis and improving outcomes for patients with SAE.

A telomere-related signature for predicting prognosis and assessing immune microenvironment in osteosarcoma.

Objective: Osteosarcoma is the most common primary bone cancer with a high propensity for local invasion and metastasis. An increasing number of research studies show that telomeres play an important role in the occurrence and development of cancer. Thus, we established a telomere-related signature in osteosarcoma to comprehensively evaluate the pathogenic roles of telomeres in this disease.

Eustachian Tube Characteristics in Patients With Turner Syndrome: A CT-Based Radiological Analysis.

Background: Patients with Turner syndrome (TS) commonly experience acute otitis media and Eustachian tube dysfunction (ETD). Comparison of the anatomical features of the Eustachian tube (ET) between TS patients and age-matched controls may provide insights into the high prevalence of ETD in TS.

Methods: This study compared the ET angle, length, and diameters of the bone segment, bone-cartilage (BC) junction, and pharyngeal opening between TS patients and control children.

Three-dimensional MR elastography-based stiffness for assessing the status of Ki67 proliferation index and Cytokeratin-19 in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Objectives: To investigate the potential diagnostic value of MR elastography (MRE)-based stiffness to noninvasively predict the status of Ki67 proliferation index (PI) and Cytokeratin-19 (CK19) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Methods: Two hundred and nineteen patients with histologically proven HCCs (high/low Ki67 PI, N = 134/85; +/-CK19, N = 47/172) who underwent preoperative MRI and MRE examinations were retrospectively enrolled. Imaging features and clinical information were analyzed to develop the clinical-radiologic models.

Fam172a Mediates the Stimulation of Hypothalamic Oxytocin Neurons to Suppress Obesity-Induced Anxiety.

Anxiety disorder is the most common mental disorder worldwide. Although human studies have demonstrated a positive association between obesity and anxiety disorder, the exact mechanism linking these conditions is unclear. Interestingly, oxytocin (Oxt) neurons, predominantly expressed in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN), play a crucial role in both obesity and anxiety.

Fine Tuning of Hydrogen Bonding Interaction on Boosting the Room-Temperature Phosphorescence in Organic Host-Guest System.

Organic room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials have demonstrated great potential applications in optoelectronics, anticounterfeiting, and biomedicine fields. Among them, the RTP properties of host-guest systems can be easily regulated by changing their component parameters, which has attracted widespread attention. However, the key factor of the hosts (crystalline or noncovalent interaction network) for boosting phosphorescence emission at room temperature was still unclear.

Piperine inhibits fungal growth and protects against pyroptosis in Aspergillus fumigatus keratitis by regulating the mTOR/HIF-1α pathway.

Purpose: To confirm the antifungal ability of piperine (PIP) and to assess its therapeutic potential in the treatment of Aspergillus fumigatus (A. fumigatus) keratitis.

Methods: The toxicity of PIP was measured to determine the optimal therapeutic concentration both in human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs), RAW264.

Gut Microbiota Predicts Treatment Response to Empagliflozin Among MASLD Patients Without Diabetes Mellitus.

Background And Aim: We aimed to investigate whether gut microbiota could predict the treatment response to pharmacological agents among metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) patients without diabetes mellitus (DM), as data are lacking.

Methods: We prospectively followed up non-diabetic MASLD patients who used empagliflozin. Clinical, anthropometric, laboratory assessments and magnetic resonance imaging-proton density fat fraction (MRI-PDFF) were performed from baseline to week 52 (EOT).

Clinical efficacy and therapy response prediction of neoadjuvant dalpiciclib plus letrozole in postmenopausal patients with HR+/HER2- stage II-III breast cancer (DARLING 01): a single-arm, open-label, exploratory study.

Background: Hormone receptor-positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HR+/HER2-) breast cancer is the most common subtype of breast cancer, yet its response to traditional chemotherapy remains limited, posing a challenge in achieving optimal therapeutic outcomes. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of dalpiciclib, a novel CDK4/6 inhibitor, combined with letrozole as neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) in postmenopausal patients with HR+/HER2- stage II-III breast cancer. Additionally, we explored potential predictive biomarkers for treatment response using gene analysis.

TCL1A in naïve B cells as a therapeutic target for type 1 diabetes.

Background: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease characterised by the attack of pancreatic β cells by "self" immune cells. Although previous studies demonstrated that B cells contribute to T1D through antigen presentation and autoantibody production, the involvement of different populations of B cells, particularly in the early stages of T1D, has not been fully elucidated.

Methods: In this study, we employed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and flow cytometry to investigate immune cell populations in patients with newly diagnosed T1D, their relative controls and age-matched healthy controls.