Isolation of a more aggressive GVI-1 genotype strain HX of the avian infectious bronchitis virus.

The avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) poses a significant economic threat to the global poultry industry. Although in recent years, the GVI-1 lineage of IBV has proliferated throughout China, there is still a lack of comprehensive studies regarding the pathogenicity of this lineage, particularly with respect to infections of the digestive tract and the antigenic characteristics of the S1 gene. In this study, we investigated the effects of infecting 14-day-old chicks with the HX strain of the GVI-1 lineage over a 14-d period postinfection.

Molecular functions of HAX1 during disease progress.

HCLS1-associated protein X-1 (HAX1) is a newly discovered multifunctional cell regulatory protein that is widely expressed in cells and has a close relationship with multiple cellular proteins. HAX1 plays important roles in various processes, including the regulation of apoptosis, maintenance of mitochondrial membrane potential stability and calcium homeostasis, occurrence and development of diseases, post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression, and host immune response after viral infection. In this article, we have reviewed the research progress on the biological functions of HAX1, thereby laying a theoretical foundation for further exploration of its underlying mechanisms and targeted application.

Pathology, viremia, apoptosis during MDV latency in vaccinated chickens.

Marek's disease, caused by herpes virus infection, is a highly contagious disease characterized by latent infection. Here, we aimed to study the pathology, viremia and apoptosis during the Marek's Disease Virus (MDV) latency in vaccinated chickens. Vaccinated chickens were inoculated with the MD5 strain and were dissected at different time points.

Variations in the NSP4 gene of the type 2 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus isolated in China from 1996 to 2021.

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) has continuously mutated since its first isolation in China in 1996, leading to difficulties in infection prevention and control. Infections caused by PRRSV-2 strains are the main epidemic strains in China, as determined by phylogenetic analysis. In this study, we focused on the prevalence and genetic variations of the non-structural protein 4 (NSP4) from PRRSV-2 over the past 20 years in China.

Confined Construction of Ultrasmall Molybdenum Disulfide-Loaded Porous Silica Particles for Efficient Tumor Therapy.

Recently, molybdenum sulfide (MoS) has shown great application potential in tumor treatment because of its good photothermal properties. Unfortunately, most of the current molybdenum disulfide-based nanotherapeutic agents suffer from complex preparation processes, low photothermal conversion efficiencies, and poor structural/compositional regulation. To address these issues, in this paper, a facile "confined solvothermal" method is proposed to construct an MoS-loaded porous silica nanosystem (designated as MoS@P-hSiO).

Research Progress in Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus-Host Protein Interactions.

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is a highly contagious disease caused by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), which has been regarded as a persistent challenge for the pig industry in many countries. PRRSV is internalized into host cells by the interaction between PRRSV proteins and cellular receptors. When the virus invades the cells, the host antiviral immune system is quickly activated to suppress the replication of the viruses.

Interfacial-confined coordination to single-atom nanotherapeutics.

Pursuing and developing effective methodologies to construct highly active catalytic sites to maximize the atomic and energy efficiency by material engineering are attractive. Relative to the tremendous researches of carbon-based single atom systems, the construction of bio-applicable single atom materials is still in its infancy. Herein, we propose a facile and general interfacial-confined coordination strategy to construct high-quality single-atom nanotherapeutic agent with Fe single atoms being anchored on defective carbon dots confined in a biocompatible mesoporous silica nanoreactor.

A confined crosslinking strategy towards an intelligent organosilica-micellar hybrid drug delivery system.

An ideal drug delivery system must have a high level of stability to ensure effective circulation and passive aggregation, good retention performance, and dynamic delivery and treatment monitoring. Thus, the development of a smart drug delivery carrier with both precise drug release and real-time detection remains a challenge. Herein, we propose a confined crosslink protocol to prepare an intelligent hybrid delivery system for auto-fluorescent monitoring, protonation-induced retention and precise drug release.

PET Imaging of Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's Disease.

Neuroinflammation play an important role in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis. Advances in molecular imaging using positron emission tomography have provided insights into the time course of neuroinflammation and its relation with Alzheimer's disease central pathologies in patients and in animal disease models. Recent single-cell sequencing and transcriptomics indicate dynamic disease-associated microglia and astrocyte profiles in Alzheimer's disease.

Peroxisome inspired hybrid enzyme nanogels for chemodynamic and photodynamic therapy.

Peroxisome, a special cytoplasmic organelle, possesses one or more kinds of oxidases for hydrogen peroxide (HO) production and catalase for HO degradation, which serves as an intracellular HO regulator to degrade toxic peroxides to water. Inspired by this biochemical pathway, we demonstrate the reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced tumor therapy by integrating lactate oxidase (LOx) and catalase (CAT) into FeO nanoparticle/indocyanine green (ICG) co-loaded hybrid nanogels (designated as FIGs-LC). Based on the O redistribution and HO activation by cascading LOx and CAT catalytic metabolic regulation, hydroxyl radical (·OH) and singlet oxygen (O) production can be modulated for glutathione (GSH)-activated chemodynamic therapy (CDT) and NIR-triggered photodynamic therapy (PDT), by manipulating the ratio of LOx and CAT to catalyze endogenous lactate to produce HO and further cascade decomposing HO into O.

Effective and safe delivery of GLP-1AR and FGF-21 plasmids using amino-functionalized dual-mesoporous silica nanoparticles in vitro and in vivo.

Nanomaterials have attracted increased attention because of their excellent drug-carrying capacity. However, these nanomaterials are rarely used in the treatment of metabolic diseases. Liraglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, has been widely used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Surface-treated 3D printed Ti-6Al-4V scaffolds with enhanced bone regeneration performance: an study.

Background: Given their highly adjustable and predictable properties, three-dimensional(3D) printed geometrically ordered porous biomaterials offer unique opportunities as orthopedic implants. The performance of such biomaterials is, however, as much a result of the surface properties of the struts as it is of the 3D porous structure. In our previous study, we have investigated the performances of selective laser melted (SLM) Ti-6Al-4V scaffolds which are surface modified by the bioactive glass (BG) and mesoporous bioactive glass (MBG), respectively.

Effect of dithiocyano-methane on hexose monophosphate pathway in the respiratory metabolism of Escherichia coli.

This paper studied the inhibitory effects of dithiocyano-methane (DM) on the glucose decomposition pathway in the respiratory metabolism of Escherichia coli. We investigated the effects of DM on the activities of key enzymes (ATPase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, G6PDH), the levels of key product (nicotinamide adenosine denucleotide hydro-phosphoric acid, NADPH), and gene expression in the hexose monophosphate pathway (HMP). The results showed that the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericide concentration (MBC) of DM against the tested strains were 5.

Upconversion Nanoparticle-Based Organosilica-Micellar Hybrid Nanoplatforms for Redox-Responsive Chemotherapy and NIR-Mediated Photodynamic Therapy.

Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) can convert near-infrared light (NIR, 980 or 808 nm) to ultraviolet (UV) or visible light, which can be widely used to improve tissue penetration depth in photodynamic therapy (PDT). Herein, we develop a kind of UCNP-based organosilica-micellar hybrid nanoplatform for redox-responsive chemotherapy and NIR-mediated PDT. The nanoplatform was constructed by the self-assembly of block copolymers polystyrene--poly (acrylic acid) and oil-soluble UCNPs in the oil/water system and the subsequent organosilica coating with 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane molecules.

A novel tumour suppressor lncRNA F630028O10Rik inhibits lung cancer angiogenesis by regulating miR-223-3p.

Lung cancer is the world's leading cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality despite advances in surgery, chemotherapy and immunotherapy; thus, there is an urgent need to find new molecules to develop novel treatment strategies. Although ncRNAs were found to account for 98% transcripts, the number of lncRNAs with distinct function in lung cancer is extremely limited. We previously demonstrated that Plasmodium infection inhibits tumour growth and metastasis, but the exact mechanisms involved have not been fully understood.

Extraction-Induced Fabrication of Yolk-Shell-Structured Nanoparticles with Deformable Micellar Cores and Mesoporous Silica Shells for Multidrug Delivery.

Yolk-shell-structured nanoparticles (YSNs) provide useful carriers for applications in biomedicine and catalysis due to the excellent loading capability and versatile functionality of the flexible core and porous shell. Unfortunately, the reported YSNs always require complex multistep synthesis processes and a harsh hard-template etching strategy. Herein, a facile "selective extraction" strategy is developed to synthesize yolk-shell-structured polymer@void@mSiO nanoparticles (designated as YSPNs) comprising deformable and soft polystyrene--poly(acrylic acid) (PS--PAA) micellar cores and mesoporous silica shells.

Plasmodium infection inhibits the expansion and activation of MDSCs and Tregs in the tumor microenvironment in a murine Lewis lung cancer model.

Background: A major challenge in the development of effective cancer immunotherapy is the ability of tumors and their microenvironment to suppress immune cells through immunosuppressive cells such as myeloid -derived suppressor cells and regulatory T cells. We previously demonstrated that Plasmodium infection promotes innate and adaptive immunity against cancer in a murine Lewis lung cancer model but its effects on immunosuppressive cells in the tumor microenvironment are unknown.

Methods: Whole Tumors and tumor-derived sorted cells from tumor-bearing mice treated with or without plasmodium infected red blood cells were harvested 17 days post tumor implantation and analyzed using QPCR, western blotting, flow cytometry, and functional assays.

Confined growth of multiple gold nanorices in dual-mesoporous silica nanospheres for improved computed tomography imaging and photothermal therapy.

Introduction: In this work, we have developed a novel "confined-growth" strategy to synthesize PEGylated multiple gold nanorices-encapsulated dual-mesoporous silica nanospheres (designated as PEGylated MGNRs@DMSSs) containing both small mesopores (2.5 nm) in the shell and large mesopores (21.7 nm) in the core based on a well-established, seed-mediated growth method.

4-Aryl Pyrrolidines as a Novel Class of Orally Efficacious Antimalarial Agents. Part 1: Evaluation of 4-Aryl- N-benzylpyrrolidine-3-carboxamides.

Identification of novel chemotypes with antimalarial efficacy is imperative to combat the rise of Plasmodium species resistant to current antimalarial drugs. We have used a hybrid target-phenotype approach to identify and evaluate novel chemotypes for malaria. In our search for drug-like aspartic protease inhibitors in publicly available phenotypic antimalarial databases, we identified GNF-Pf-4691, a 4-aryl- N-benzylpyrrolidine-3-carboxamide, as having a structure reminiscent of known inhibitors of aspartic proteases.

A Comparison of 1- and 3.2-MHz Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound on Osteogenesis on Porous Titanium Alloy Scaffolds: An In Vitro and In Vivo Study.

Objectives: Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) combined with porous scaffolds can be used as a new therapy to treat bone defect repair. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of 1 and 3.2 MHz LIPUS on osteogenesis on porous Ti64 alloy scaffolds for both in vitro and in vivo studies.

Assessment of calcium sulfate hemihydrate-Tricalcium silicate composite for bone healing in a rabbit femoral condyle model.

Calcium sulfate or plaster of Paris (POP) is considered as a bone cement with a fast degradation rate, which frequently makes it resorb before the bone defect area is completely filled by new bone. The incorporation of tricalcium silicate (C3S) into POP cement has been proven as a feasible approach to reduce the in vitro degradation rate and improve the in vitro bioactivity of the material. However, the in vivo performance of the POP/C3S composite cement is still unclear.

Plasmodium parasite as an effective hepatocellular carcinoma antigen glypican-3 delivery vector.

We have previously demonstrated that malaria parasite infection has an anti-tumor effect in a mouse model. This research aimed to investigate the possibility of using Plasmodium parasite as a novel vaccine vector for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) immunotherapy. We constructed a Plasmodium yoelii 17XNL strain (P.