The flavonoid metabolic pathway genes Ac4CL1, Ac4CL3 and AcHCT1 positively regulate the kiwifruit immune response to Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae.

Psa primarily utilises the type III secretion system (T3SS) to deliver effector proteins (T3Es) into host cells, thereby regulating host immune responses. However, the mechanism by which kiwifruit responds to T3SS remains unclear. To elucidate the molecular reaction of kiwifruit plants to Psa infection, M228 and mutant M228△hrcS strains were employed to inoculate Actinidia chinensis var.

Engineered extracellular vesicles with DR5 agonistic scFvs simultaneously target tumor and immunosuppressive stromal cells.

Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are nanosized vesicles. Death receptor 5 (DR5) mediates extrinsic apoptosis. We engineer DR5 agonistic single-chain variable fragment (scFv) expression on the surface of sEVs derived from natural killer cells.

Pathological roles of ubiquitination and deubiquitination systems in sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction.

Sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction (SIMD) is a severe complication of sepsis, characterized by impaired cardiac function and high mortality rates. Despite significant advances in understanding sepsis pathophysiology, the molecular mechanisms underlying SIMD remain incompletely elucidated. Ubiquitination and deubiquitination, critical post-translational modifications (PTMs) regulating protein stability, localization, and activity, play pivotal roles in cellular processes, such as inflammation, apoptosis, mitochondrial function, and calcium handling.

Effects of intraspecific hybridisation between the northern and the southern populations of the cabbage beetle, on life-history traits.

Significant differences in life-history traits between the southern population (S) and northern (N) population of the cabbage beetle make it an excellent model for studying inheritance in this insect. In the present study, we observed the life-history traits of pure strains, F, reciprocal backcross and reciprocal F progeny under a photoperiod of L:D 15:9 h at 22 °C. The S population had shorter larval development time, longer pupal time, higher body weight, growth rate and weight loss compared with the N population.

The Safety and Immunogenicity of a 13-Valent Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Conjugate Vaccine (CRM197/TT) in Infants: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Phase III Trial.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the immunogenicity and safety of a 13-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccine (CRM197/TT) (PCV13i) in infants.

Methods: A total of 1200 infants were randomly assigned to either the experimental PCV13i group or the control PCV13 group in a 1:1 ratio. Each group received a three-dose series of the vaccine at 2, 4, and 6 months of age, followed by a booster dose at 12-15 months.

Taurine Supplementation Alleviates Blood Pressure via Gut-Brain Communication in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats.

Objects: Taurine exhibits protective effects in the context of cardiovascular pathophysiology. A range of evidence suggests that hypertension activates inflammatory responses and oxidative stress in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN), elevating the arterial tone and sympathetic activity, while it induces gut-brain axis dysfunction in the context of hypertension. However, the mechanism underlying taurine's anti-hypertensive effects via the gut-brain axis remains unclear.

Virulence Characterization and Population Structure of f. sp. in Henan Province, China.

Wheat stripe rust, caused by f. sp. (), poses a significant threat to wheat production, particularly in Henan province, which produces more than 36 million tons of wheat grain every year, the highest production among all provinces in China.

The impact of small food workshops management regulations on aflatoxin B in home-made peanut oil and the liver function of high-consumption area residents: an interrupted time series study in Guangzhou, China.

Background: Aflatoxin B (AFB), a potent carcinogen produced by species, is a prevalent contaminant in oil crops, with prolonged exposure associated with liver damage. Home-made peanut oil (HMPO) produced by small workshops in Guangzhou is heavily contaminated with AFB. Despite the enactment of the Small Food Workshops Management Regulations (SFWMR), no quantitative assessment has been conducted regarding its impact on food contamination and public health.

A high-performance g-CN/BiSiO heterojunction photocatalyst induced by constructing S-scheme electron-highways.

We have developed a novel S-scheme mechanism to expand the photoresponse range of BiSiO. This study reports the successful creation of a CN/BS heterojunction photocatalyst, which is composed of g-CN and BiSiO. The synthesis was achieved through a simple two-step procedure, involving hydrothermal treatment and subsequent calcination.

Amelioration of inflammatory bowel disease by subsp. XLTG11 in combination with mesalazine.

The treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remains challenging and significantly impacts both patients and their families. This study evaluated the role of subsp. XLTG11 (XLTG11) in combination with mesalazine (5-ASA) in the improvement of IBD.

Engineered virus-mimicking nanovaccine with lymph node-tumor dual-targeting and STING-activating capacity for robust cancer immunotherapy.

Cancer vaccines have garnered considerable interest for cancer immunotherapy. However, their effectiveness is limited by inadequate proliferation, activation, and tumor infiltration of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). Inspired by the potent immunostimulatory properties of viral components and the exposure of calreticulin during immunogenic cell death (ICD) triggered by viral infections; in this study, we describe cGAMP@vEVs, a virus-mimicking nanovaccine strategy by engineering tumor cell-derived extracellular vesicles through virus infection, which co-load both personalized and broad antigen repertoire as well as multiple immune adjuvants to potently elicit antitumor immunity.

The various associations between whole /regional fat mass and trajectory of cardiometabolic diseases: a nonlinear multistate model.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the association of whole body/regional fat mass (FM) with cardiometabolic disease (CMD) trajectory.

Methods: We conducted a prospective analysis using the UK Biobank. The FM index (FMI), a surrogate for whole body FM, and regional FM (i.

METTL3/YTHDF1-mediated mA modification stabilizes USP12 to deubiquitinate FOXO3 and promote apoptosis in sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction.

Sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction (SIMD) is a life-threatening complication primarily driven by inflammation, yet its molecular mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we identified significant upregulation of the mA methyltransferase METTL3 (methyltransferase-like 3), the mA reader protein YTHDF1 (YTH N6-methyladenosine RNA binding protein 1), as well as increased expression levels of USP12 (ubiquitin-specific peptidase 12), FOXO3 (forkhead box O3), and key molecules in the intrinsic apoptotic pathway, PUMA (p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis) and BAX (Bcl-2-associated X), through proteomic profiling in an LPS (Lipopolysaccharide)-induced SIMD mouse model. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that METTL3 and YTHDF1 regulated USP12 mRNA expression and stability through mA modification.

Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomal MiR-744-5p Alleviates Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Induced Myocardial Injury by Targeting NFIX.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by repetitive pharyngeal collapses during sleep, which leads to intermittent hypoxia, a risk factor of OSA-related cardiovascular morbidity.In this work, exosome isolation and identification with ultracentrifugation, transmission electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis, and Western blot assay were carried out. H9C2 cells were subjected to chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) treatment, which was followed by bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) -derived exosome treatment.

Efficient Biomimetic Total Synthesis, Characterization, and Antioxidant Activity of Ommatins.

Ommatins, natural colorants found in cephalopods and arthropods, are biosynthesized from tryptophan with uncyclized xanthommatin (Uc-Xa) as the key biosynthetic precursor. These pigments change color under oxidative or reductive conditions. Xanthommatin (Xa) and dihydro-xanthommatin (H-Xa), as well as decarboxylated xanthommatin (Dc-Xa) and decarboxylated-dihydro-xanthommatin (Dc-H-Xa), are some of the most common and well-studied ommatins.

HBSP inhibits tubular cell pyroptosis and apoptosis, promotes macrophage M2 polarization, and protects LPS-induced acute kidney injury.

Sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (AKI) has high morbidity and mortality, but without cause-specific treatment. Erythropoietin derived Helix B surface peptide (HBSP) alleviates AKI, whereas its underlying mechanisms remain to be further explored. Here, the effects of HBSP on pyroptosis, apoptosis, macrophage polarization and repair were investigated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced AKI mouse model and cultured kidney epithelial cells.

Association between accompanying duration and anxiety/depression among family caregivers: a prospective cohort study in China during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Introduction: While some studies have explored family caregivers' anxiety and depression, limited research has been conducted on family caregivers' anxiety and depression caused by the duration of companionship, resulting in an unclear relationship between the length of accompaniment and the psychological well-being of family caregivers.

Methods: This cohort study was conducted from April 1, 2022, to June 30, 2022 in general surgery. We employed bar graphs and line graphs to illustrate the relationship between accompanying days and anxiety and depression.

RIG012 assists in the treatment of pneumonia by inhibiting the RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway.

Objective: Pneumonia is a common clinical condition primarily treated with antibiotics and organ support. Exploring the pathogenesis to identify therapeutic targets may aid in the adjunct treatment of pneumonia and improve survival rates.

Methods: Transcriptomic data from peripheral blood of 183 pneumonia patients were analyzed using Gene Set Variation Analysis (GSVA) and univariate Cox regression analysis to identify signaling pathways associated with pneumonia mortality.

Associations of Lipid Profiles With the Onset of HEV-Related Acute Liver Failure: A Multicenter Cohort Study.

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is one of the major etiologies for acute liver failure. This multicenter retrospective cohort study aimed to investigate the associations of lipid profiles with the risk of HEV-related acute liver failure (HEV-ALF) among hospitalized patients with acute hepatitis E. A total of 1061 participants were obtained from three tertiary medical centers in Jiangsu, China, between February 2018 and May 2024.

Virulence and Diversity of f. sp. Populations in Northwestern and Southwestern Oversummering Regions of China.

Stripe rust, caused by f. sp. (), is the most devastating fungal disease affecting wheat in China, particularly in the northwestern (Qinghai, Gansu, and Ningxia) and southwestern (Sichuan, Yunnan, and Guizhou) oversummering regions.

Cross-niche protection of kiwi plant against above-ground canker disease by beneficial rhizosphere Flavobacterium.

Beneficial rhizosphere microorganisms are widely employed to shield crops from underground pathogen infections. In this study, we challenge this conventional idea by employing rhizosphere soil bacteria to safeguard kiwi plants against the above-ground canker, caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa).

PD-L1 in Melanoma and Extracellular Vesicles Promotes Local and Regional Immune Suppression through M2-like Macrophage Polarization.

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play dual roles in tumor progression. TAMs are known to induce programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression in cancer cells. However, the regulatory effects of PD-L1 in melanoma cells on TAM phenotypical switching remain underexplored.