Effect of glucose, soya oil and glutamine on protein expression and mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 pathway of jejunal crypt enterocytes in weaned piglets.

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of glucose, soya oil or glutamine on jejunal morphology, protein metabolism and protein expression of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signalling pathway in jejunal villus or crypt compartment of piglets. Forty-two 21 d-weaned piglets were randomly allotted to one of the three isoenergetic diets formulated with glucose, soya oil or glutamine for 28 d. On day 14 or 28, the proteins in crypt enterocytes were analysed with isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification and proteins involved in mTORC1 signalling pathway in villus or crypt compartment cells were determined by Western blotting.

Ethanolamine enhances intestinal functions by altering gut microbiome and mucosal anti-stress capacity in weaned rats.

Ethanolamine (Etn) contained in milk is the base constituent of phosphatidylethanolamine and is required for the proliferation of intestinal epithelial cells and bacteria, which is important for maintenance of the gut microbiome and intestinal development. The present study investigated the effect of Etn on intestinal function and microbiome using 21-d-old Sprague-Dawley rats treated with 0, 250, 500 and 1000 μm Etn in drinking water for 2 weeks immediately after weaning. Growth performance, intestinal morphology, antioxidant capacity and mucosal immunity, as well as gut microbiota community composition, were evaluated.

Knockdown of Akt1 promotes Akt2 upregulation and resistance to oxidative-stress-induced apoptosis through control of multiple signaling pathways.

The Akt signaling pathway plays a key role in promoting the survival of various types of cells from stress-induced apoptosis, and different members of the Akt family display distinct physiological roles. Previous studies have shown that in response to UV irradiation, Akt2 is sensitized to counteract the induced apoptosis. However, in response to oxidative stress such as hydrogen peroxide, it remains to be elucidated what member of the Akt family would be activated to initiate the signaling cascades leading to resistance of the induced apoptosis.

Contrast expression patterns of JNK1 during sex reversal of the rice-field eel.

The c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs) are members of the mitogen-activated protein kinase family. Their functions in regulating animal development have been well studied in both invertebrates and vertebrates. However, it remains to be determined whether they play a role in sex determination.

Direct enrichment and high performance liquid chromatography analysis of ultra-trace Bisphenol A in water samples with narrowly dispersible Bisphenol A imprinted polymeric microspheres column.

Direct injection, enrichment and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of ultra-trace Bisphenol A (BPA) in water samples using one narrowly dispersible BPA imprinted polymeric microspheres (MIPM) column in one analysis process was developed. One BPA imprinted MIPM that had the best globular morphology and imprinted efficiency was used as HPLC stationary phase and applied to direct analysis of ultra-trace BPA in water. The optimum direct analysis conditions were: conditioning the MIPM column with water for 10min, injecting 40mL water sample directly, eluting with 70% methanol for 13min and then 100% methanol for 7min.

CYP2E1-dependent hepatotoxicity and oxidative damage after ethanol administration in human primary hepatocytes.

Aim: To observe the relationship between ethanol-induced oxidative damage in human primary cultured hepatocytes and cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) activity, in order to address if inhibition of CYP2E1 could attenuate ethanol-induced cellular damage.

Methods: The dose-dependent (25-100 mmol/L) and time-dependent (0-24 h) exposures of primary human cultured hepatocytes to ethanol were carried out. CYP2E1 activity and protein expression were detected by spectrophotometer and Western blot analysis respectively.