[Spatial and Temporal Characteristics and Driving Force Analysis of Ecological Environmental Quality in Fengfeng Mining Area with Remote Sensing Ecological Index of PM Concentration].

The Fengfeng mining area is an important coal-producing area in China and crucial environmental problems have been caused by large-scale exploitation of coal mines. The spatio-temporal evolution and driving factors of the ecological environment quality in this area must be explored for promoting the transformation of coal-based cities. Based on Landsat data of the Google earth engine （GEE） platform, this study constructed a new remote sensing-based ecological index （RSEInew） for the Fengfeng mining area from 2000 to 2020.

[Nitrogen Flow Characteristics of Agricultural Production and Consumption System in the Yangtze River Delta Region and Its Driving Factors].

To assess the impact of human activities on regional nitrogen （N） flow, based on the statistical data of 27 cities in the Yangtze River Delta Region （YRD）, N flow characteristics of the agricultural production and consumption system （APC） in the YRD from 2011 to 2020 were analyzed using substance flow analysis, and driving factors for N flow were analyzed using scenario analysis. The results showed that from 2011 to 2020, the mean N input intensity of the APC in the YRD was 194.6 kg·（hm·a）, which was more than five times the national average value； thus, the YRD was a hotspot of N input intensity in China.

[CiteSpace knowledge map analysis of research progress on Tripterygium wilfordii toxicity].

This study systematically searched CNKI and Web of Science(WoS) for the research papers on the toxicity of Tripterygium wilfordii included from database inception to August 31, 2021, and visually displayed the authors, research institutions, keywords, and other contents using bibliometrics and CiteSpace 5.8.3.

Life cycle assessment of rice bran oil production: a case study in China.

Environmental problems caused by the food processing industry have always been one of the concerns for the public. Herein, for the first time, a gate-to-gate life cycle assessment (LCA) was employed to evaluate the environmental impact of rice bran oil production. Four subsystems, namely, transportation of the raw rice bran to oil factory, crude oil extraction, oil refining, and oil storage, were established.

Role of argon plasma coagulation in treatment of esophageal varices.

With the development of endoscopic therapy, argon plasma coagulation (APC) has been widely used by endoscopists. It has many advantages, such as simple to operate, low cost, and minimal invasiveness. Because of its capability of lesion ablation and hemostasis, APC has several indications in the gastrointestinal tract.

Force measurement in squeezed dissipative optomechanics in the presence of laser phase noise.

We investigate the force measurement sensitivity in a squeezed dissipative optomechanics within the free-mass regime under the influence of shot noise (SN) from the photon number fluctuations, laser phase noise from the pump laser, thermal noise from the environment, and optical losses from outcoupling and detection inefficiencies. Generally, squeezed light could generate a reduced SN on the squeezed quadrature and an enlarged quantum backaction noise (QBA) due to the antisqueezed conjugate quadrature. With an appropriate choice of phase angle in homodyne detection, QBA is cancellable, leading to an exponentially improved measurement sensitivity for the SN-dominated regime.

Generation of mechanical squeezing and entanglement via mechanical modulations.

We discuss the generation of strong stationary mechanical squeezing and entanglement in the modulated two-and three-mode optomechanics. Following the reservoir engineering scheme, the beam-splitter and parametric optomechanical interactions can be simultaneously achieved through appropriately choosing the modulation frequency on mechanical motion, which is essential to strong squeezing and entanglement. In the two-mode modulated optomechanics, squeezing is tunable by the relative ratio of parametric and beam-splitter couplings, and also robust to thermal noise due to the simultaneously optically induced cooling process.

Biosynthesis of 4-vinylguaiacol from crude ferulic acid by Bacillus licheniformis DLF-17056.

4-vinylguaiacol, a kind of volatile phenolic compound with tobacco flavor, is widely used as a component of edible flavor and intermediate of medicine. Ferulic acid is usually used as substrate for the biosynthesis of 4-vinylguaiacol. However, the price of ferulic acid is high, leading to high production cost.

Grape hexokinases are involved in the expression regulation of sucrose synthase- and cell wall invertase-encoding genes by glucose and ABA.

Hexokinase (HXK, EC 2.7.1.

Stereoselective determination of 2-benzamidomethyl-3-oxobutanoate and methyl-2-benzoylamide-3-hydroxybutanoate by chiral high-performance liquid chromatography in biotransformation.

(2S, 3R)-methyl-2-benzamidomethyl-3-hydroxybutyrate (MBHB) is a key intermediate in the synthesis of 4-aceoxyazetidinone, a building block for the production of penems and carbapenems. More attentions have been paid to screen biocatalysts achieving asymmetric preparation of (2S, 3R)-MBHB. In this study, an improved chiral high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method was developed for the stereoselective determination of 2-benzamidomethyl-3-oxobutanoate (BMOB) and MBHB, and further employed into the biotransformation of BMOB.

Organocatalytic [4 + 2] cyclocondensation of α,β-unsaturated acyl chlorides with imines: highly enantioselective synthesis of dihydropyridinone and piperidine derivatives.

The cinchona alkaloid-catalyzed [4 + 2] cyclocondensation of α,β-unsaturated acyl chlorides with imines is developed to give the corresponding substituted dihydropyridinones in good yields with high to excellent enantioselectivities. Reduction of the dihydropyridinones gave highly optically active substituted tetrahydropyridinone and piperidine derivatives.

Controllable self-assembly of sodium caseinate with a zwitterionic vitamin-derived bolaamphiphile.

The control of self-assembly of sodium caseinate (SC) including the formation of mixed layers, microspheres, or nanoparticles is highly relevant to the microstructure of food and the design of promising drug delivery systems. In this paper, we designed a structure-switchable zwitterionic bolaamphiphile, 1,12-diaminododecanediorotate (DDO), from orotic acid, which has special binding sites and can guide the self-assembly of SC. Complexation between SC and DDO was investigated using dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and fluorescence spectra measurements.

N-heterocyclic carbene catalyzed [4+2] cycloaddition of nitroalkenes with oxodienes.

NHC catalysis: N-heterocyclic carbenes were found to be efficient catalysts for the unprecedented [4+2] cycloaddition of nitroalkenes and oxodienes, giving the corresponding dihydropyrans in good yield with good diastereoselectivity (see scheme). Deuteration experiment reveals that the reaction is possibly initiated by the addition of N-heterocylic carbene to nitroalkenes.

N-heterocyclic carbene-catalyzed [4 + 2] cycloaddition of ketenes and 3-aroylcoumarins: highly enantioselective synthesis of dihydrocoumarin-fused dihydropyranones.

The N-heterocyclic carbene-catalyzed [4 + 2] cyclization of ketenes and 3-aroylcoumarins has been developed to give the corresponding dihydrocoumarin-fused multisubstituted dihydropyranones in high yield with good diastereoselectivity and high enantioselectivity.

Enzymatic production of 5'-inosinic acid by a newly synthesised acid phosphatase/phosphotransferase.

5'-Nucleotides including 5'-inosinic acid have characteristic taste and important application in various foods as flavour potentiators. The selective nucleoside acid phosphatase/phosphotransferase (AP/PTase) can catalyse the synthesis of 5'-nucleotides by transfer of phosphate groups. In this study, a 747-bp gene encoding AP/PTase from Escherichia blattae was synthesised.

N-heterocyclic carbene-catalyzed homoenolate additions with N-aryl ketimines as electrophiles: efficient synthesis of spirocyclic γ-lactam oxindoles.

In pole position: A simple and efficient approach to spirocyclic γ-lactam oxindoles by the N-heterocyclic carbene catalyzed addition of homoenloate equivalents to N-aryl isatinimines has been developed (see scheme). The use of N-aryl isatinimines as electrophiles in the NHC-catalyzed umpolung reaction of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes is demonstrated for the first time.

Significantly enhanced production of acarbose in fed-batch fermentation with the addition of S-adenosylmethionine.

Acarbose, a pseudo-oligosaccharide, is widely used clinically in therapies for non-insulin-dependent diabetes. In the present study, S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) was added to selected media in order to investigate its effect on acarbose fermentation by Actinoplanes utahensis ZJB- 08196. Acarbose titer was seen to increase markedly when concentrations of SAM were added over a period of time.

Creation of four-mode weighted cluster states with atomic ensembles in high-Q ring cavities.

Two schemes for the preparation of weighted continuous variable cluster states with four atomic ensembles are proposed. In the first scheme, the four separated atomic ensembles inside a two-mode ring cavity are driven by pulse laser fields. The basic idea of the scheme is to transfer the ensemble bosonic modes into suitable linear combinations that can be prepared in a pure cluster state by a sequential application of the laser pulses with the aid of the cavity dissipation.

Highly enantioselective γ-amination of α,β-unsaturated acyl chlorides with azodicarboxylates: efficient synthesis of chiral γ-amino acid derivatives.

The cinchona alkaloid-catalyzed γ-amination of α,β-unsaturated acyl chlorides with azodicarboxylates to give the corresponding dihydropyridazinones in good yields with high enantioselectivities has been developed. Reductive ring opening of the dihydropyridazinones afforded series of cyclic and acyclic γ-amino acid derivatives in good yields with high enantiopurity.

Highly diastereo- and enantioselective NHC-catalyzed [3+2] annulation of enals and isatins.

The chiral N-heterocyclic carbene bearing a proximal hydroxy group derived from L-pyroglutamic acid was found to be an efficient catalyst for the [3+2] annulation of enals and isatins to give the corresponding spirocyclic oxindolo-γ-butyrolactones in good yield with good diastereo- and enantioselectivities.

Enantioselective synthesis of indole-fused dihydropyranones via catalytic cycloaddition of ketenes and 3-alkylenyloxindoles.

Chiral N-heterocyclic carbenes were found to be efficient catalysts for the formal [4+2] cycloaddition reaction of alkyl(aryl)ketenes and 3-alkylenyloxindoles to give the corresponding 3,4-dihydropyrano[2,3-b]indol-2-ones in excellent yields with good diastereo- and enantioselectivities.

Microbial production of 2,3-butanediol from Jerusalem artichoke tubers by Klebsiella pneumoniae.

2,3-Butanediol is one of the promising bulk chemicals with wide applications. Its fermentative production has attracted great interest due to the high end concentration. However, large-scale production of 2,3-butanediol requires low-cost substrate and efficient fermentation process.