Isolation and identification of two novel PDE-5 inhibitors illegally added to pressed candies.

Two novel phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE-5) inhibitors were detected in pressed candy using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-diode array detection. Following extraction with acetonitrile and sonication, the compounds were isolated and purified semi-preparative liquid chromatography. Structural characterisation was achieved through high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy.

Histaminergic Innervation of the Ventral Anterior Thalamic Nucleus Alleviates Motor Deficits in a 6-OHDA-Induced Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease.

The ventral anterior (VA) nucleus of the thalamus is a major target of the basal ganglia and is closely associated with the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Notably, the VA receives direct innervation from the hypothalamic histaminergic system. However, its role in PD remains unknown.

Blood cadmium levels and overactive bladder in middle-aged and older adults in the United States: Insights from NHANES 2007-2020 data.

Cadmium is a common environmental pollutant associated with various health risks. Its neurotoxic, muscle-damaging, and pro-inflammatory properties may be related to overactive bladder (OAB), though few studies have assessed its impact on urinary function. This study aimed to examine the potential link between cadmium exposure and OAB.

Suppression of excitatory synaptic transmission in the centrolateral amygdala via presynaptic histamine H3 heteroreceptors.

The central histaminergic system has a pivotal role in emotional regulation and psychiatric disorders, including anxiety, depression and schizophrenia. However, the effect of histamine on neuronal activity of the centrolateral amygdala (CeL), an essential node for fear and anxiety processing, remains unknown. Here, using immunostaining and whole-cell patch clamp recording combined with optogenetic manipulation of histaminergic terminals in CeL slices prepared from histidine decarboxylase (HDC)-Cre rats, we show that histamine selectively suppresses excitatory synaptic transmissions, including glutamatergic transmission from the basolateral amygdala, on both PKC-δ- and SOM-positive CeL neurons.

Tenecteplase Plus Butyphthalide for Stroke Within 4.5-6 Hours of Onset (EXIT-BT): a Phase 2 Study.

To date, the benefit of intravenous thrombolysis is confined to within 4.5 h of onset for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) without advanced neuroimaging selection. The current trial aimed to investigate the safety and efficacy of intravenous tenecteplase (TNK) plus Dl-3-n-Butylphthalide (NBP) in AIS within 4.

Proinflammatory activation of microglia in the cerebellum hyperexcites Purkinje cells to trigger ataxia.

Specific medications to combat cerebellar ataxias, a group of debilitating movement disorders characterized by difficulty with walking, balance and coordination, are still lacking. Notably, cerebellar microglial activation appears to be a common feature in different types of ataxic patients and rodent models. However, direct evidence that cerebellar microglial activation in vivo is sufficient to induce ataxia is still lacking.

Silencing circ_0000644 inhibits papillary thyroid cancer cell malignancy by combining with miR-671-5p to release the inhibition on ANXA2.

Background: Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is life-threatening due to its malignant progression. Considerable evidence demonstrates that circular RNA (circRNA) regulates PTC development. This study aims to explore the mechanism of circ_0000644 modulating PTC malignant progression.

Oxytocin Receptor in Cerebellar Purkinje Cells Does Not Engage in Autism-Related Behaviors.

The classical motor center cerebellum is one of the most consistent structures of abnormality in autism spectrum disorders (ASD), and neuropeptide oxytocin is increasingly explored as a potential pharmacotherapy for ASD. However, whether oxytocin targets the cerebellum for therapeutic effects remains unclear. Here, we report a localization of oxytocin receptor (OXTR) in Purkinje cells (PCs) of cerebellar lobule Crus I, which is functionally connected with ASD-implicated circuits.

Effect of Remote Ischemic Conditioning vs Usual Care on Neurologic Function in Patients With Acute Moderate Ischemic Stroke: The RICAMIS Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Preclinical and clinical studies have suggested a neuroprotective effect of remote ischemic conditioning (RIC), which involves repeated occlusion/release cycles on bilateral upper limb arteries; however, robust evidence in patients with ischemic stroke is lacking.

Objective: To assess the efficacy of RIC for acute moderate ischemic stroke.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This multicenter, open-label, blinded-end point, randomized clinical trial including 1893 patients with acute moderate ischemic stroke was conducted at 55 hospitals in China from December 26, 2018, through January 19, 2021, and the date of final follow-up was April 19, 2021.

Prognostic Value of Metabolic Syndrome in Patients With Non-ST Elevated Myocardial Infarction Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention.

Objective: We aim to investigate the prognostic effects of metabolic syndrome (MS) on patients with non-ST elevated myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Methods: Patients with NSTEMI undergoing PCI were consecutively collected. According to the presence or absence of MS, they were divided into two groups and followed up for 1 year.

A comparative study of vestibular improvement and gastrointestinal effect of betahistine and gastrodin in mice.

Betahistine and gastrodin are the first-line medications for vestibular disorders in clinical practice, nevertheless, their amelioration effects on vestibular dysfunctions still lack direct comparison and their unexpected extra-vestibular effects remain elusive. Recent clinical studies have indicated that both of them may have effects on the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Therefore, we purposed to systematically compare both vestibular and GI effects induced by betahistine and gastrodin and tried to elucidate the mechanisms underlying their GI effects.

CD146 as a Prognostic-Related Biomarker in ccRCC Correlating With Immune Infiltrates.

Backgrounds: CD146 is highly expressed in various malignant tumors and associated with the poor prognosis. However, the role of CD146 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is still unknown. This study aimed to identify the role of CD146 in ccRCC by integrated bioinformatics analysis.

Human urinary kallidinogenase in acute ischemic stroke: A single-arm, multicenter, phase IV study (RESK study).

Aims: Human urinary kallidinogenase (HUK) has shown favorable efficacies in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) treatment. We sought confirmation of the safety and efficacy of HUK for AIS in a large population.

Methods: RESK study enrolled patients with AIS of anterior circulation to receive HUK infusion.

[Antagonistic Effect and Mechanism of Nano Titanium Dioxide and Cadmium on the Growth of ].

The release of manufactured nanomaterials (MNMs) into the environment has raised concerns about combined toxicological risks, as MNMs could significantly alter the environmental behavior and fate of co-existing contaminants. Numerous studies have been published on the combined toxicity of MNMs and co-existing contaminants, but the potential mechanisms controlling the combined toxicity, especially the biological response mechanism, remain unclear. This study investigated the combined toxicity of nano-titanium dioxide (nTiO), a typical MNM, and the heavy metal cadmium (Cd), using as the test organism.

Evaluation of sleep disorder in orthopedic trauma patients: a retrospective analysis of 1129 cases.

Background: In the trauma center wards, it is not unusual for patients to have sleep disorders, especially patients with an acute injury. Meanwhile, there is substantial evidence that sleep disorder is a predictor of depression and is an important feature of posttraumatic stress disorder.

Methods: All orthopedic trauma patients confined in a trauma ward in West China Hospital of Sichuan University between April 2018 and July 2019 were included in this retrospective study.

Up-regulation of VANGL1 by IGF2BPs and miR-29b-3p attenuates the detrimental effect of irradiation on lung adenocarcinoma.

Accumulating evidence suggests that radiation treatment causes an adaptive response of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), which in turn attenuates the lethal effect of the irradiation. Previous microarray assays manifested the change of gene expression profile after irradiation. Bioinformatics analysis of the significantly changed genes revealed that VANGL1 may notably influence the effect of radiation on LUAD.

[Delimitation of urban development boundary based on ecological sensitivity evaluation and CA-Markov simulation in plain city:A case of Nanchang, Jiangxi, China].

The rational delimitation of urban development boundary plays an important role in guiding the orderly growth of urban space and ensure proper environment health of urban space. In this study, we evaluated the ecological sensitivity of Nanchang City from four aspects (soil erosion, habitat, geological disaster and water resource) and simulated urban expansion in 2020 based on CA-Markov and land use data in 2000, 2010 and 2015. Spatial decision-making analysis of the two aspects was carried out in combination to the future development of the study area.

Facilitation of spinal α-motoneuron excitability by histamine and the underlying ionic mechanisms.

Spinal α-motoneurons directly innervate skeletal muscles and function as the final common path for movement and behavior. The processes that determine the excitability of motoneurons are critical for the execution of motor behavior. In fact, it has been noted that spinal motoneurons receive various neuromodulatory inputs, especially monoaminergic one.

Chinese Herbal Medicine Versus Placebo for the Treatment Of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Protocol of Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background: Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) has been shown to be effective in the treatment of stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) by published meta-analyses. However, disease outcomes were inconsistent and heterogeneity was observed attributed to placebo-controlled studies. We present a protocol for a systematic review aiming to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of CHM comparing to placebo in the treatment of stable COPD, to provide robust evidence for the use of CHM in COPD.

Effects of Dietary Supplementation of Recombinant Plectasin on Growth Performance, Intestinal Health and Innate Immunity Response in Broilers.

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of recombinant plectasin (Ple) on the growth performance, intestinal health, and serum immune parameters in broilers. A total of 288 1-day-old male broilers (Arbor Acres) were randomly allotted to four dietary treatments including the basal diet (NC) and basal diet supplemented with 10 mg enramycin/kg (PC), 100 mg Ple/kg (LPle), and 200 mg Ple/kg (HPle) diets. The results indicated Ple increased (P < 0.

Two-Dimensional Nanochannel Arrays Based on Flexible Montmorillonite Membranes.

Two-dimensional (2D) nanochannel arrays are constructed by bottom-up reassembly of montmorillonite monolayers that are obtained by liquid-phase exfoliation of its layered crystals, and the as-constructed interstitial space between these monolayers is uniform and provides ions with nanoscale transport channels. Surface-charge-controlled ion transport behavior is observed through these nanochannels as the electrolyte concentration reduces to 10 M at room temperature. Furthermore, the nanochannel structure remains even after 400 °C heat treatment, and nanofluidic devices based on the annealed nanochannel arrays still exhibit surface-charge-governed ion transport at low electrolyte concentrations.