Inverted Y ureteral duplication with an ectopic ureter and multiple urinary calculi: A case report.

Background: In the clinical treatment of diseases related to ureteral duplication, it is very important to make a clear diagnosis before surgery because different types of ureteral duplication correspond to different treatment options. Inverted Y ureteral duplication with ectopic ureters and multiple urinary calculi is clinically rare. This case can help clinicians increase their understanding of this disease and gain some experience in its diagnosis and treatment.

[Relationship of pathogenic microorganisms and chronic inflammation with prostate cancer].

Prostate cancer is a common malignant tumor in elderly men, which seriously affects the physical and mental health of the patients. The pathogenesis of prostate cancer is still unclear though thought of to be possibly associated with age, race, diet, infection and inflammation. In recent years, more and more studies have found a close correlation of prostate cancer to pathogenic microorganisms and chronic inflammation, and that pathogenic microorganisms cause increase genome damage and instability of the cells, and induce mutations with the involvement of cytokines and oxidative stress molecular mechanisms.

Secondary B-cell lymphoma diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration cytology and flow cytometry following penile carcinoma: A case report.

The number of studies reporting lymphoma as a secondary tumor has gradually increased. However, few studies have reported that occurrence of lymphoma as a secondary tumor following treatment for penile carcinoma, particularly cases in which the lymphoma was diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration cytology and flow cytometry. The present study reports the case of a 62-year-old male patient who was troubled with frequent urination and repeated chest tightness for 5 years.

[Protection of penile vascular endothelial function: a new strategy for the management of erectile dysfunction].

Erectile function is a typical neurovascular process. Penile vascular endothelial dysfunction is indicated to be one of the important mechanisms of ED. Protective agents to improve penile vascular endothelial function show significant benefits to erectile function by decreasing the damage of oxidative stress and optimizing the related mediators.

[Transperineal laparoscopic nephrectomy in live-donors].

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility and safety of transperitoneal laparoscopic nephrectomy in live-donors.

Methods: Two cases of live-donor underwent laparoscopic nephrectomy in May and August 2008 respectively and both were followed up.

Result: In two cases the operation time was 130, 10 min; blood loss was 50 ml; warm ischemic time was 30 s and 2 min; the length of artery was 4.