Artemisinin analogue SM934 ameliorates murine experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis through enhancing the expansion and functions of regulatory T cell.

Background: Artemisinin analogue SM934 was previously reported to possess immunosuppressive properties. The aim of this study was to determine the effects and the underlying mechanisms of SM934 in murine experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE).

Methods: Female C57BL/6 mice immunized with MOG35-55 were treated with or without SM934, then the clinical scores and other relevant parameters were assessed.

Astragaloside II triggers T cell activation through regulation of CD45 protein tyrosine phosphatase activity.

Aim: To investigate the immunomodulating activity of astragalosides, the active compounds from a traditional tonic herb Astragalus membranaceus Bge, and to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying the actions, focusing on CD45 protein tyrosine phosphatase (CD45 PTPase), which plays a critical role in T lymphocyte activation.

Methods: Primary splenocytes and T cells were prepared from mice. CD45 PTPase activity was assessed using a colorimetric assay.

SM934 treated lupus-prone NZB × NZW F1 mice by enhancing macrophage interleukin-10 production and suppressing pathogenic T cell development.

Background: Artemisinin and its derivatives were reported to possess strong regulatory effects on inflammation and autoimmune diseases. This study was designed to examine the therapeutic effects and underlying mechanisms of SM934, a water-soluble artemisinin analogue, on lupus-prone female NZB × NZW F(1) mice.

Methodology/principal Findings: NZB/W F(1) mice were treated orally with SM934 for 3 or 6 months respectively to investigate the effect on clinical manifestations and immunological correlates.

Oral administration of artemisinin analog SM934 ameliorates lupus syndromes in MRL/lpr mice by inhibiting Th1 and Th17 cell responses.

Objective: SM934, an artemisinin derivative, possesses potent antiproliferative and antiinflammatory properties. The aim of this study was to examine the effects and explore the mechanisms of SM934 to treat autoimmune disease in lupus-prone female MRL/lpr mice.

Methods: In vitro, the effects of SM934 on the activation of polyclonal CD4+ T cells and the differentiation of naive CD4+ T cells were examined.

The chemokine receptor antagonist, TAK-779, decreased experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by reducing inflammatory cell migration into the central nervous system, without affecting T cell function.

Background And Purpose: The C-C chemokine receptor CCR5, and the C-X-C chemokine receptor CXCR3 are involved in the regulation of T cell-mediated immune responses, and in the migration and activation of these cells. To determine whether blockade of these chemokine receptors modulated inflammatory responses in the central nervous sytem (CNS), we investigated the effect of a non-peptide chemokine receptor antagonist, TAK-779, in mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE).

Experimental Approach: EAE was induced by immunization of C57BL/6 mice with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) 35-55.

SM905, an artemisinin derivative, inhibited NO and pro-inflammatory cytokine production by suppressing MAPK and NF-kappaB pathways in RAW 264.7 macrophages.

Aim: To elucidate the anti-inflammatory potentials and underlying mechanisms of SM905, a novel artemisinin derivative, in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells.

Methods: Nitric oxide (NO) generation, cytokine production, and the protein expression levels of inducible nitric-oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) were examined using a Griess assay, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a Western blotting assay, respectively.

SM934, a water-soluble derivative of arteminisin, exerts immunosuppressive functions in vitro and in vivo.

In the present study, we investigated the immunosuppressive effects and underlying mechanisms of beta-aminoarteether maleate (SM934), a derivative of artemisinin, against T cell activation in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, SM934 significantly inhibited the proliferation of splenocytes induced by concanavalin A (Con A), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR), and anti-CD3 plus anti-CD28 (anti-CD3/28). SM934 significantly inhibited interferon (IFN)-gamma production and CD4(+) T cell division stimulated by anti-CD3/28.

Periplocoside A, a pregnane glycoside from Periploca sepium Bge, prevents concanavalin A-induced mice hepatitis through inhibiting NKT-derived inflammatory cytokine productions.

Periploca sepium Bge, a traditional Chinese herb medicine, is widely used for treating rheumatoid arthritis in china. Periplocoside A (PSA), a pregnane glycoside, is a new nature product compound isolated from P. sepium Bge.

Suppressive effect of a novel water-soluble artemisinin derivative SM905 on T cell activation and proliferation in vitro and in vivo.

Artemisinin and its derivatives exhibit potent immunosuppressive activity. The aim of this study was to investigate the suppressive effects of SM905, a new water-soluble artemisinin derivative, on T lymphocytes both in vitro and in vivo, and explore its potential mode of action. The results showed that SM905 had a high inhibitory activity in Concanavalin A (ConA)-induced splenocyte proliferation and mixed lymphocyte reaction, and a relatively low cytotoxicity in vitro.

Alleviation of picryl chloride-induced delayed type hypersensitivity reaction by saponin fraction of Gleditsia sinensis.

The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of saponin fraction from anomalous fruits of Gleditsia sinensis (SFGS) on picryl chloride-induced delayed type hypersensitivity (PC-DTH) and functions of T lymphocytes and macrophages in mice. SFGS (100, 200 mg/kg), orally administered during either sensitization stage or effector stage, produced remarkable inhibition of PC-DTH. In vitro, SFGS (1, 2, 4 microg/ml) concentration-dependently attenuated concanavalin A (Con A)-elicited mouse splenocyte proliferation and interleukin 2 (IL-2) production.

Inhibition of immediate allergic reactions by ethanol extract from Plumbago zeylanica stems.

The antiallergic properties of the 70% ethanol extract from Plumbago zeylanica stems (EPZ) were investigated in the present study. The extract (500, 1000 mg/kg, p.o.