Effect of CYP4F2, VKORC1, and CYP2C9 in Influencing Coumarin Dose: A Single-Patient Data Meta-Analysis in More Than 15,000 Individuals.

The cytochrome P450 (CYP)4F2 gene is known to influence mean coumarin dose. The aim of the present study was to undertake a meta-analysis at the individual patients level to capture the possible effect of ethnicity, gene-gene interaction, or other drugs on the association and to verify if inclusion of CYP4F2*3 variant into dosing algorithms improves the prediction of mean coumarin dose. We asked the authors of our previous meta-analysis (30 articles) and of 38 new articles retrieved by a systematic review to send us individual patients' data.

Two new sesquiterpenes from the aerial parts of Schizonepeta tenuifolia.

Two new sesquiterpenes named petafolias A-B were isolated from the aerial parts of Schizonepeta tenuifolia. Their structures were elucidated by various spectroscopic techniques (UV, IR, MS, CD, 1D, and 2D NMR).

Profiling of microRNAs under wound treatment in Aquilaria sinensis to identify possible microRNAs involved in agarwood formation.

Agarwood, a kind of highly valued non-timber product across Asia, is formed only when its resource trees--the endangered genus Aquilaria are wounded or infected by some microbes. To promote the efficiency of agarwood production and protect the wild resource of Aquilaria species, we urgently need to reveal the regulation mechanism of agarwood formation. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of gene expression regulators with overwhelming effects on a large spectrum of biological processes.

[Studies on high efficient plant regeneration system from anther callus of Bupleurum chinense].

The callus of Bupleurum chinense with anthers at the stage of uninucleate was induced. After several subcultures, anther calli of B. chinense were cultured at 20 MS culture mediums with different plant hormones to differentiate into plantlets.

[Induction of hairy roots and plantlet regeneration of Bupleurum chinense DC].

In this study, the induction of hairy roots of Bupleurum chinense DC. was explored and established after experiments at different conditions: A. rhizogenes A4 was used to infect the leaves bases of B.

The potential influence of 5-aminosalicylic acid on the induction of myelotoxicity during thiopurine therapy in inflammatory bowel disease patients.

Objective: To investigate the potential influence of 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) on the induction of myelotoxicity during thiopurine therapy in inflammatory bowel disease patients.

Methods: (a) The retrospective study included inflammatory bowel disease patients treated with azathioprine (AZA)/6-mercaptopurine (6-MP). Thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) activity and 6-thioguanine nucleotide (6-TGN) levels were detected at stable medication points.

Hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyltransferase activity is related to 6-thioguanine nucleotide concentrations and thiopurine-induced leukopenia in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.

Background: Thiopurine drugs are widely used in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The polymorphic enzyme thiopurine S-methyltransferase (TPMT) is of importance for thiopurine metabolism and adverse events occurrence. The role of other thiopurine-metabolizing enzymes is less well known.

CYP4F2 rs2108622: a minor significant genetic factor of warfarin dose in Han Chinese patients with mechanical heart valve replacement.

WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT * Genetic polymorphisms of VKORC1 and CYP2C9 are known to influence warfarin dosage. * Recent studies among Caucasians showed that polymorphisms of CYP4F2 also play a role in warfarin pharmacogenetics. * The contribution of CYP4F2 variants to the variability inwarfarin dose requirement in Chinese subjects remains to be investigated.

Single nucleotide polymorphisms of the pregnane x receptor gene in Han Chinese and a comparison with other ethnic populations.

The pregnane X receptor (PXR/NR1I2) gene is a master regulator for a number of cytochrome P450s (CYPs) and drug transporters. This study aimed to detect the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the PXR gene in Han Chinese (n = 186) and to compare the frequencies of polymorphisms of the PXR gene with those in Caucasian and African Americans reported in the literature. The SNPs of the PXR gene were analyzed using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and direct sequencing analysis.

A pharmacogenetic study of pregnane X receptor (NR1I2) in Han Chinese.

The pregnane X receptor (PXR/NR1I2) gene is a critical transcriptional regulator of a number of important drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters. This study was undertaken to determine the frequencies of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and haplotypes and to detect yet unknown SNPs in the NR1I2 gene in 210 unrelated healthy Han Chinese in comparison with other ethnic groups. We also characterized the functional impact of two SNPs, -24622A>T in the 5'-untranslated region and -24446C>A in exon 1 of NR1I2, by constructing three recombinants and monitoring promoter activity using the dual luciferase reporter gene assay.

Induction of cytochrome P450 3A by the Ginkgo biloba extract and bilobalides in human and rat primary hepatocytes.

Ginkgo biloba is one of the most popular herbal medicines in the world, due to its purported pharmacological effects, including memory-enhancing, cognition-improving, and antiplatelet effects. The study aimed to investigate the activity and expression of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A in human and rat primary hepatocytes treated with standardized G. biloba extract (100, 500, and 2500 ng/ml) for 72 hr, and to measure the protein expression of CYP3A in human and rat primary hepatocytes treated with bilobalide (2, 10, and 50 ng/ml) and ginkgolides B (2, 10, and 50 ng/ml).

Study of tanshinone IIA tissue distribution in rat by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method.

A liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) method was developed and validated for determining tanshinone IIA in rat tissues. After a single step liquid-liquid extraction with diethyl ether, tanshinone IIA and loratadine (internal standard) was subjected to LC/MS/MS analysis using positive electro-spray ionization under selected reaction monitoring mode. Chromatographic separation of tanshinone IIA and loratadine was achieved on a Hypersil BDS C(18) column (i.

Rapid determination of six metabolites from multiple cytochrome P450 probe substrates in human liver microsome by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry: application to high-throughput inhibition screening of terpenoids.

A rapid liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) method was developed for the determination of six cytochrome P450 (CYP) probe substrate metabolites including paracetamol (PAR) for CYP1A2, 4-hydroxytolbutamide (OHTOL) for CYP2C9, 5-hydroxyomeprazole (OHOMe) for CYP2C19, dextrorphan (DEXM) for CYP2D6, 6-hydroxychlorzoxazone (OHCHL) for CYP2E1 and dehydronifedipine (DNIF) for CYP3A4. The triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer was operated in both positive and negative modes, and selective reaction monitoring was used for quantification. The method was validated over the concentration ranges (0.

Induction of propranolol metabolism by Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761 in rats.

Ginkgo biloba is one of the most popular herbal medicines in the world, due to its purported pharmacological effects, including memory-enhancing, cognition-improving, and antiplatelet effects. When used in the elderly, Ginkgo has a high potential for interactions with cardiovascular drugs. This study aimed to investigate the effects of the standard Ginkgo biloba extract (EGB 761) treatment on the pharmacokinetics of propranolol and its metabolism to form N-desisopropylpropranolol (NDP) in rats.

High-throughput determination of carbocysteine in human plasma by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry: application to a bioequivalence study of two formulations in healthy volunteers.

A rapid and sensitive liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) method to determine carbocysteine in human plasma was developed and fully validated. After methanol-induced protein precipitation of the plasma samples, carbocysteine was subjected to LC/MS/MS analysis using electrospray ionization (ESI). The MS system was operated in the selected ion monitoring (SRM) mode.