Variation in monthly and seasonal elevation use impacts behavioral and dietary flexibility in Rhinopithecus bieti.

Black-and-white snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus bieti) rely on behavioral and dietary flexibility to survive in temperate latitudes at high-elevation habitats characterized by climate and resource seasonality. However, little is known about how elevation influences their behavioral and dietary flexibility at monthly or seasonal scales. We studied an isolated R.

Biotransformation of cinobufagin by Cunninghamella elegans.

Cunninghamella elegans has been employed for the biotransformation of cinobufagin to afford 5 metabolites. The structures of the transformation products have been characterized as 12alpha-hydroxybufagin, 11alpha-hydroxybufagin, 12beta-hydroxy-desacetylcinobufagin, 3-oxo-12alpha-hydroxybufagin and 12beta-hydroxybufagin. Products 12alpha-hydroxybufagin and 11alpha-hydroxybufagin are new compounds.

Studies on the epitope of neuronal growth inhibitory factor (GIF) with using of the specific antibody.

Human neuronal growth inhibitory factor (GIF), a metalloprotein classified as metallothionein-3, is specifically expressed in mammal central nervous system (CNS). In these Studies the specific antibody to human GIF was prepared and used to search the epitope of human GIF by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and sequence comparison. The result of ELISA showed the epitope of human GIF may locate on a octapeptide (EAAEAEAE) in the alpha-domain of human GIF, and the result of nerve cell culture indicated that the biological activity of GIF may be affected by the specific antibody.