Membrane transport engineering for efficient yeast biomanufacturing.

Yeast strains have been widely recognized as useful cell factories for biomanufacturing. To improve production efficiency, their biosynthetic pathways and regulatory strategies have been continuously optimized. However, commercial production using yeasts is still limited by low product yield and high production cost.

Discovery and Enzyme Kinetic Characterization of Novel CYP2D6 Variants.

Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) exhibits rich genetic polymorphism, and functional changes caused by variations are the key reasons for differences in substrate drug systemic exposure. Discovering novel variants and defining their enzymatic kinetic characteristics can contribute to the personalized application of drugs. In this study, a data chain of variant-function-structure was established through population-based sequencing, baculovirus insect cell expression, enzymatic incubation, and ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.

Activity Variations of CYP2B6 Determine the Metabolic Stratification of Efavirenz.

Purpose: To investigate the effects of hepatic enzyme activity variations and CYP2B6 gene polymorphisms on the and metabolism of efavirenz.

Main Methods: In vitro enzyme systems using rat and human liver microsomes (RLM/HLM) were established, with in vivo studies conducted on Sprague-Dawley rats. Metabolite detection was performed via LC-MS/MS.

Three new cyclopentanoid monoterpenes from the roots of .

Three new cyclopentanoid monoterpenes, neopiscrocins A-C (-), together with 14 known compounds (-), were isolated from the roots of . The structres of these compounds were elucidated on the basis of their spectroscopic data. All compounds were evaluated for cytotoxicity against six human tumor cell lines (PC9, PANC1, HCT-116, Hep-G2, BGC-823, and MCF-7), hepatoprotective activity and anti-inflammatory activity.

[Main nutrients content in different specifications of Gastrodiae Rhizoma].

Gastrodiae Rhizoma is a valuable traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) and was newly approved as a catalogue species of medicinal and food homologous substances in 2023. The consumption of Gastrodiae Rhizoma as a food has been increasing year by year, and its nutrients content has become a public concern. However, there is a lack of systematic research on its nutrients content.

[Review and prospects of pesticide use and residues in cultivation of medicinal and food homologous substances].

As people's living standards and awareness of health care are increasing in recent years, the demand for the medicinal and food homologous substances is rising. Promoting the healthy development of this industry to meet people's growing demand and popularizing the TCM concept of preventive treatment of diseases are essential for building a healthy China. The abuse of pesticides by some growers in the one-sided pursuit of economic benefits causes serious pesticide residue, which affects the safety and effectiveness of the medicinal and food homologous substances.

Urgent call for attention to diabetes-associated hospital infections.

In this editorial, we discuss the recent article by Zhao published in the which highlights the importance of recognizing the risk indicators associated with diabetes mellitus (DM). Given the severe implications of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) in hospitalized individuals- such as heightened mortality rates, prolonged hospitalizations, and increased costs- we focus on elucidating the connection between DM and nosocomial infections. Diabetic patients are susceptible to pathogenic bacterial invasion and subsequent infection, with some already harboring co-infections upon admission.

Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on routine childhood vaccinations.

Routine pediatric vaccination is one of the most effective public health inter-ventions for the control of a number of fatal diseases. However, during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, routine pediatric vaccination rates were severely affected by disruptions of health services and vaccine confidence issues. Governments and the United Nations have taken measures to re-establish routine pediatric vaccination, while additional efforts are needed to catch up and develop plans to ensure routine vaccination services for the future pandemics.

The impact of CYP3A4 genetic polymorphism on crizotinib metabolism and drug-drug interactions.

To elucidate the impact of CYP3A4 activity inhibition and genetic polymorphism on the metabolism of crizotinib. Enzymatic incubation systems for crizotinib were established, and Sprague-Dawley rats were utilized for in vivo experiments. Analytes were quantified using LC-MS/MS.

Crizotinib inhibits the metabolism of tramadol by non-competitive suppressing the activities of CYP2D1 and CYP3A2.

Objectives: To investigate the interaction between tramadol and representative tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and to study the inhibition mode of drug-interaction.

Methods: Liver microsomal catalyzing assay was developed. Sprague-Dawley rats were administrated tramadol with or without selected tyrosine kinase inhibitors.

Ubiquitinome Analysis Uncovers Alterations in Synaptic Proteins and Glucose Metabolism Enzymes in the Hippocampi of Adolescent Mice Following Cold Exposure.

Cold exposure exerts negative effects on hippocampal nerve development in adolescent mice, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Given that ubiquitination is essential for neurodevelopmental processes, we attempted to investigate the effects of cold exposure on the hippocampus from the perspective of ubiquitination. By conducting a ubiquitinome analysis, we found that cold exposure caused changes in the ubiquitination levels of a variety of synaptic-associated proteins.

Digital measuring the ocular morphological parameters of guinea pig eye with Python.

Aim: To quantitatively measure ocular morphological parameters of guinea pig with Python technology.

Methods: Thirty-six eyeballs of eighteen 3-week-old guinea pigs were measured with keratometer and photographed to obtain the horizontal, coronal, and sagittal planes respectively. The corresponding photo pixels-actual length ratio was acquired by a proportional scale.