Biological parameters, immune enzymes, and histological alterations in the livers of grass carp infected with Aeromonas hydrophila.

Aeromonas hydrophila is the causative agent of bacterial septicemia that is frequently observed in grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idellus. In this study, we evaluated the biological parameters and immune enzymes in the liver of grass carp following A. hydrophila infection and quantified the alterations in liver histology using a semi-quantitative system.

Mannan-binding lectin-associated serine protease-1 (MASP-1) mediates immune responses against Aeromonas hydrophila in vitro and in vivo in grass carp.

The mannan-binding lectin-associated serine protease-1 (MASP-1) gene is a crucial component of the lectin pathway in the complement and coagulation cascade. Although MASP-1 has been found in the immune system of teleosts, its immune functions in response to bacterial infection are unclear. In this study, we identified a MASP-1 homolog (gcMASP-1) in the grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella).

A new variant nummular headache: large diameter accompanied with bitrigeminal hyperalgesia and successful treatment with carbamazepine.

Nummular headache (NH) is defined as a focal head pain that is exclusively felt in a small area, which is typically 1-6 cm in diameter. Neurological examinations are normal in all patients, but this report describes a new variant. A patient was identified who presented with focal head pain that was approximately 8 cm in diameter and bitrigeminal hyperalgesia on neurological examination.