Activating transcription factor 4 and X box binding protein 1 of Litopenaeus vannamei transcriptional regulated white spot syndrome virus genes Wsv023 and Wsv083.

In response to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, the signaling pathway termed unfolded protein response (UPR) is activated. To investigate the role of UPR in Litopenaeus vannamei immunity, the activating transcription factor 4 (designated as LvATF4) which belonged to a branch of the UPR, the [protein kinase RNA (PKR)-like ER kinase, (PERK)]-[eukaryotic initiation factor 2 subunit alpha (eIF2α)] pathway, was identified and characterized. The full-length cDNA of LvATF4 was 1972 bp long, with an open reading frame of 1299 bp long that encoded a 432 amino acid protein.

Identification and characterization of Inositol-requiring enzyme-1 and X-box binding protein 1, two proteins involved in the unfolded protein response of Litopenaeus vannamei.

The inositol-requiring enzyme-1 (IRE1)-X-box binding protein 1 (IRE1-XBP1) pathway is the key branch of the unfolded protein response (UPR). To investigate the role of the IRE1-XBP1 pathway in reducing environmental stress and increasing anti-viral immunity in Litopenaeus vannamei, homologues of IRE1 (designated as LvIRE1) and XBP1 (designated as LvXBP1) were identified and characterized. The full-length cDNA of LvIRE1 is 4908bp long, with an open reading frame (ORF) that encodies a putative 1174 amino acid protein.

Molecular cloning, characterization and expression analysis of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily gene, TNF receptor superfamily gene and lipopolysaccharide-induced TNF-α factor (LITAF) gene from Litopenaeus vannamei.

In vertebrates, the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-receptor (TNFR) system participates in diverse physiological and pathological events, such as inflammation and protective immune responses to microbial infections. There are few reports about the role of the invertebrate TNF-TNFR system in immune responses. Here, we isolated and characterized the TNF superfamily (LvTNFSF) gene, TNFR superfamily (LvTNFRSF) gene and lipopolysaccharide-induced TNF-α factor (LvLITAF) gene from Litopenaeus vannamei.