A Femtosecond Fiber Laser-Based Compact Label-Free Multimodality Nonlinear Optical Microscopy and Its Ex Vivo Bioimaging.

Nonlinear multimode imaging is a versatile tool to realize complex structural and compositional information of biological samples. In this study, we presented a novel integrated multimode nonlinear optical microscopy system by using an Er3 + -doped femtosecond fiber laser. The system could perform second harmonic generation (SHG), third harmonic generation (THG), and three-photon fluorescence (3PEF) imaging modes simultaneously.

Molecular Editing of Ketones through -Heterocyclic Carbene and Photo Dual Catalysis.

The molecular editing of ketones represents an appealing strategy due to its ability to maximize the structural diversity of ketone compounds in a straightforward manner. However, developing efficient methods for the arbitrary modification of ketonic molecules, particularly those integrated within complex skeletons, remains a significant challenge. Herein, we present a unique strategy for ketone recasting that involves radical acylation of -functionalized ketones facilitated by -heterocyclic carbene and photo dual catalysis.

-Heterocyclic carbene catalytic 1,2-boron migrative acylation accelerated by photocatalysis.

The transformation of organoboron compounds plays an important role in synthetic chemistry, and recent advancements in boron-migration reactions have garnered considerable attention. Here, we report an unprecedented 1,2-boron migrative acylation upon photocatalysis-facilitated -heterocyclic carbene catalysis. The design of a redox-active boronic ester substrate, serving as an excellent β-boron radical precursor, is the linchpin to the success of this chemistry.

Direct Acylation of Unactivated Alkyl Halides with Aldehydes through N-Heterocyclic Carbene Organocatalysis.

Catalytic acylation of organohalides with aldehydes is an ideal strategy for the direct synthesis of ketones. However, the utilization of unactivated alkyl halides in such a transformation remains a formidable challenge. In this study, we developed a cross-coupling reaction of aldehydes with unactivated alkyl halides through N-heterocyclic carbene catalysis.

The use of melittin to enhance transgene expression mediated by recombinant adeno-associated virus serotype 2 vectors both in vitro and in vivo.

Objective: Melittin, a cell-penetrating peptide, improves the efficiency of many non-viral gene delivery vectors, yet its application in viral vectors has not been well studied. The non-pathogenic recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vector is an ideal in vivo gene delivery vector. However, its full potential will only be achieved after improvement of its transduction efficiency.

Risk coefficient model of necroptosis-related lncRNA in predicting the prognosis of patients with lung adenocarcinoma.

Model algorithms were used in constructing the risk coefficient model of necroptosis-related long non-coding RNA in identifying novel potential biomarkers in the prediction of the sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents and prognosis of patients with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Clinic and transcriptomic data of LUAD were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Differently expressed necroptosis-related long non-coding RNAs got identified by performing both the univariate and co-expression Cox regression analyses.

Sulphur ylide-mediated cyclopropanation and subsequent spirocyclopropane rearrangement reactions.

The efficient construction of cyclopropyl spiroindoline skeletons and the exploration of related follow-up synthetic transformations have elicited considerable interest amongst members of the chemistry community. Here, we describe a formal (2 + 1) annulation and three-component (1 + 1 + 1) cascade cyclisation sulphur ylide cyclopropanation under mild conditions. The spiro-cyclopropyl iminoindoline moiety can be readily transformed into another medicinally interesting pyrrolo[3,4-]quinoline framework through a novel rearrangement process.

Suzuki-type cross-coupling of alkyl trifluoroborates with acid fluoride enabled by NHC/photoredox dual catalysis.

The Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling of C(sp)-hybridised boronic compounds still remains a challenging task, thereby hindering the broad application of alkyl boron substrates in carbon-carbon bond-forming reactions. Herein, we developed an NHC/photoredox dual catalytic cross-coupling of alkyl trifluoroborates with acid fluorides, providing an alternative solution to the classical acylative Suzuki coupling chemistry. With this protocol, various ketones could be rapidly synthesised from readily available materials under mild conditions.

Radical Acylalkylation of 1,3-Enynes To Access Allenic Ketones via -Heterocyclic Carbene Organocatalysis.

An -heterocyclic carbene organocatalytic 1,4-difunctionalization of 1,3-enynes was developed. This organocatalytic strategy was suitable for a broad spectrum of substrates to efficiently synthesize allenic ketones bearing diverse substituents. Preliminary mechanistic studies suggest a radical reaction pathway for this organocatalytic acylalkylation process.

Remote C(sp )-H Acylation of Amides and Cascade Cyclization via N-Heterocyclic Carbene Organocatalysis.

The direct functionalization of inert C(sp )-H bonds under environmentally benign catalytic conditions remains a challenging task in synthetic chemistry. Here, we report an organocatalytic remote C(sp )-H acylation of amides and cascade cyclization through a radical-mediated 1,5-hydrogen atom transfer mechanism using N-heterocyclic carbene as the catalyst. Notably, a diversity of nitrogen-containing substrates, including simple linear aliphatic carbamates and ortho-alkyl benzamides, can be successfully applied to this organocatalytic system.

Comprehensive Transcriptome and Metabolic Profiling of Petal Color Development in .

() is an important ornamental bulbous plant, and its numerous varieties in different color forms are widely planted. Multiple color types of petals in provide us with possibilities to delineate the complicated metabolic networks underlying the biochemical traits behind color formation in this plant species, especially petal color. In this study, we sequenced and annotated a reference transcriptome of pink and white petals of and analyzed the metabolic role of anthocyanin biosynthesis in regulating color pigment metabolism.

The use of miR122 and its target sequence in adeno-associated virus-mediated trichosanthin gene therapy.

Objective: Plant-derived cytotoxic transgene expression, such as trichosanthin (tcs), regulated by recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vector is a promising cancer gene therapy. However, the cytotoxic transgene can hamper the vector production in the rAAV producer cell line, human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells. Here, we explored microRNA-122 (miR122) and its target sequence to limit the expression of the cytotoxic gene in the rAAV producer cells.

Diastereoselective [3 + 1] Cyclization Reaction of Oxindolyl Azaoxyallyl Cations with Sulfur Ylides: Assembly of 3,3'-Spiro[β-lactam]-oxindoles.

Oxindoles and β-lactams are attractive structural motifs because of their unique biological importance. However, the fusion of the two moieties featuring 3,3'-spirocyclic scaffolds is a challenging task in organic synthesis. Herein we designed a novel type of oxindole-based azaoxyallyl cation synthons, which could readily participate in the [3 + 1] cyclization with sulfur ylides.

Evodiamine inhibits high-fat diet-induced colitis-associated cancer in mice through regulating the gut microbiota.

Objective: High-fat diet is one of the main risk factors that disrupt the balance of gut microbiota, which eventually will induce colorectal cancer (CRC). Evodiamine (EVO) is a wildly used multifunctional traditional Chinese medicine extract. In this study, we investigated the role of gut microbiota in high-fat diet-propelled CRC and the potential of EVO for CRC chemoprevention.

Single-Electron Transfer Reactions Enabled by N-Heterocyclic Carbene Organocatalysis.

Over the past decades, N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) organocatalysis has undergone a flourish of development on the basis of closed-shell reaction paths. By contrast, the emerging area of single-electron transfer (SET) reactions enabled by NHC catalysis still remain underdeveloped, but offer plenty of opportunities to develop new catalytic modes and useful synthetic methods. A number of interesting transformations were triggered by the SET process from the electron-rich Breslow intermediates to various single-electron acceptors.

Palladium-catalysed cyclisation of vinylethylene carbonates and anhydrides: a new approach to diverse medium-sized bislactones.

Efficient construction of medium-sized lactones has attracted considerable interest over several decades, but remains a formidable challenge in synthetic chemistry. Here, we describe an unprecedented palladium-catalysed regioselective [5 + n] cyclisation (n = 5, 6, and 7) between vinylethylene carbonates and various anhydrides. Catalytic transformation occurs under mild, room-temperature conditions and offers an exceptional substrate scope.

Bifunctional Brønsted Base Catalyzed [3 + 3] Annulations of Indolin-2-imines and α,β-Unsaturated Imides: An Enantioselective Approach to α-Carbolinones.

Asymmetric construction of α-carbolinones with easily available starting materials has recently attracted considerable attention from the synthesis community, and the development of effective catalysis for this target is in great demand. Here, a bifunctional Brønsted base catalyzed asymmetric [3 + 3] cyclization of indolin-2-imines and α,β-unsaturated -acylated succinimides was developed by using the strategy of noncovalent bonding catalysis. With this organocatalytic protocol, a variety of tetrahydro-α-carbolinones bearing different substituents were synthesized with up to 99% yield and up to 96:4 er.

Palladium-catalysed decarboxylative annulations of vinylethylene carbonates leading to diverse functionalised heterocycles.

Heterocycles are the fundamental structural motifs found in natural products and biologically active compounds. The construction of these structures is therefore an important task in organic chemistry. Vinylethylene carbonates (VECs) are versatile building blocks that can undergo transition metal catalysed decarboxylation to enable various kinds of interesting transformations.

Radical Acylfluoroalkylation of Olefins through N-Heterocyclic Carbene Organocatalysis.

Fluorinated ketones are widely prevalent in numerous biologically interesting molecules, and the development of novel transformations to access these structures is an important task in organic synthesis. Herein, we report the multicomponent radical acylfluoroalkylation of a variety of olefins in the presence of various commercially available aromatic aldehydes and fluoroalkyl reagents through N-heterocyclic carbene organocatalysis. With this protocol, over 120 examples of functionalized ketones with diverse fluorine substituents have been synthesized in up to 99 % yield with complete regioselectivity.