Evaluation of the mycotoxin patulin on cytotoxicity and oxidative stress in human glioblastoma cells and investigation of protective effect of the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC).

Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by various kinds of fungi that can induce disease in humans. The fungal species Penicillium expansum produces patulin (CHO), a polyketide lactone mycotoxin found in fruits. Patulin is classified as noncarcinogen; however, recently, it has been associated with harmful effects on the central nervous system.