Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci
July 2024
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the choroidal thickness and the Bruch's membrane opening size and their relationship to visual acuity in eyes with myopic macular degeneration (MMD).
Methods: This was a population-based, cross-sectional study. Patients over the age of 30 years with high myopia (spherical equivalent ≤-5 diopters [D]) were recruited.
Purpose: To evaluate factors influencing stabilisation of myopia in the Singapore Cohort of Risk factors for Myopia.
Methods: We evaluated the longitudinal natural history of 424 myopic participants from 1999 to 2022. The outcome was the change in myopia from the adolescence follow-up visit (aged 12-19 years) to the adulthood follow-up visit (aged 26-33 years).
Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila)
January 2023
Purpose: To develop and validate models to predict who will develop myopia in the following year based on cycloplegic refraction or ocular biometry and to identify thresholds of premyopia.
Methods: Prospective longitudinal data of nonmyopic children at baseline from the Guangzhou Twins Eye Study and the Guangzhou Outdoor Activity Longitudinal Study were used as the training set, and the Singapore Cohort Study of the Risk factors for Myopia study formed the external validation set. Age, sex, cycloplegic refraction, ocular biometry, uncorrected visual acuity, and parental myopia were integrated into 3 logistic regression models to predict the onset of myopia in the following year.
Our study aims to identify children at risk of developing high myopia for timely assessment and intervention, preventing myopia progression and complications in adulthood through the development of a deep learning system (DLS). Using a school-based cohort in Singapore comprising of 998 children (aged 6-12 years old), we train and perform primary validation of the DLS using 7456 baseline fundus images of 1878 eyes; with external validation using an independent test dataset of 821 baseline fundus images of 189 eyes together with clinical data (age, gender, race, parental myopia, and baseline spherical equivalent (SE)). We derive three distinct algorithms - image, clinical and mix (image + clinical) models to predict high myopia development (SE ≤ -6.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAsia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila)
September 2022
Purpose: To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the effects of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic-related lifestyle on myopia outcomes in children to young adults.
Methods: A systematic search was conducted on PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases (with manual searching of reference lists of reviews). Studies included assessed changes in myopia-related outcomes (cycloplegic refraction) during COVID and pre-COVID.
Purpose: To investigate the predictive factors for myopic macular degeneration (MMD) and progression in adults with myopia.
Methods: We examined 828 Malay and Indian adults (1579 myopic eyes) with myopia (spherical equivalent (SE) ≤-0.5 dioptres) at baseline who participated in both baseline and 12-year follow-up visits of the Singapore Malay Eye Study and the Singapore Indian Eye Study.
Purpose: To evaluate the associations of sleep factors with myopia, spherical equivalent (SE), and axial length (AL) in elementary school-aged children from the Growing Up in Singapore Towards healthy Outcomes (GUSTO) birth cohort.
Methods: This cross-sectional study included multi-ethnic children who participated in the GUSTO prospective birth cohort and were delivered in two major tertiary hospitals in Singapore (2009-2010). Sleep factors and myopia outcomes were assessed at the 8- and 9-year study visits, respectively.
Purpose: To evaluate the transancestry portability of current myopia polygenic risk scores (PRSs) to predict high myopia (HM) and myopic macular degeneration (MMD) in an Asian population.
Design: Population-based study.
Participants: A total of 5894 adults (2141 Chinese, 1913 Indian, and 1840 Malay) from the Singapore Epidemiology of Eye Diseases study were included in the analysis.
Pathologic myopia is a severe form of myopia that can lead to permanent visual impairment. The recent global increase in the prevalence of myopia has been projected to lead to a higher incidence of pathologic myopia in the future. Thus, imaging myopic eyes to detect early pathological changes, or predict myopia progression to allow for early intervention, has become a key priority.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose Of Review: The application of artificial intelligence (AI) in medicine and ophthalmology has experienced exponential breakthroughs in recent years in diagnosis, prognosis, and aiding clinical decision-making. The use of digital data has also heralded the need for privacy-preserving technology to protect patient confidentiality and to guard against threats such as adversarial attacks. Hence, this review aims to outline novel AI-based systems for ophthalmology use, privacy-preserving measures, potential challenges, and future directions of each.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe rise of artificial intelligence (AI) has brought breakthroughs in many areas of medicine. In ophthalmology, AI has delivered robust results in the screening and detection of diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma, and retinopathy of prematurity. Cataract management is another field that can benefit from greater AI application.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMyopia is one of the leading causes of visual impairment globally. Despite increasing prevalence and incidence, the associated cost of treatment remains unclear. Health care spending is a major concern in many countries and understanding the cost of myopia correction is the first step eluding to the overall cost of myopia treatment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOphthalmic Physiol Opt
March 2022
Purpose: To evaluate associations of dietary factors with myopia, spherical equivalent refractive error (SE) and axial length (AL) in children at age 9 from the Growing Up in Singapore Towards healthy Outcomes (GUSTO) birth cohort.
Methods: We included 467 multi-ethnic children (933 eyes) who participated in the GUSTO prospective birth cohort and were delivered in two major hospitals in Singapore (2009-2010). At the 9-year visit, we assessed the 6-year incidence of myopia (between ages 3 to 9), cycloplegic SE and AL in children without myopia (SE ≤ -0.
Transl Vis Sci Technol
July 2021
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop an Asian polygenic risk score (PRS) to predict high myopia (HM) in Chinese children in the Singapore Cohort of Risk factors for Myopia (SCORM) cohort.
Methods: We included children followed from 6 to 11 years old until teenage years (12-18 years old). Cycloplegic autorefraction, ultrasound biometry, Illumina HumanHap 550, or 550 Duo Beadarrays, demographics, and environmental factors data were obtained.
Purpose Of Review: Myopia is one of the leading causes of visual impairment, with a projected increase in prevalence globally. One potential approach to address myopia and its complications is early detection and treatment. However, current healthcare systems may not be able to cope with the growing burden.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground/aims: To evaluate the association of reported time outdoors and light exposure patterns with myopia among children aged 9 years from the Growing Up in Singapore Towards Healthy Outcomes birth cohort.
Methods: We assessed reported time outdoors (min/day), light exposure patterns and outdoor activities of children aged 9 years (n=483) with a questionnaire, the FitSight watch and a 7-day activity diary. Light levels, the duration, timing and frequency of light exposure were assessed.
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci
April 2021
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association of childhood progression of spherical equivalent (SE) with high myopia (HM) in teenagers in the Singapore Cohort of Risk factors for Myopia (SCORM).
Methods: We included 928 SCORM children followed over a mean follow-up of 6.9 ± 1.
Contact lens is a major risk factor for microbial keratitis among contact lens wearers. Chemical strategies that can prevent microbial adhesion and biofilm formation are required to improve a wearer's hygiene and safety. Taking advantage of the material-independent properties of a polydopamine (pDA) coating, we investigated the role of covalent/noncovalent interactions of the antimicrobials and pDA in conferring long-term antimicrobial activities.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMyopia is an emerging public health issue with potentially significant economic and social impact, especially in East Asia. However, many uncertainties about myopia and its clinical management remain. The International Myopia Summit workgroup was convened by the Singapore Eye Research Institute, the WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific and the International Agency for the Prevention of Blindness in 2019.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: To determine the effectiveness of atropine 1% administered once, twice and thrice per week.
Methods: Retrospective review of 166 cases in a tertiary eye hospital.
Results: In total, 166 patients started atropine 1% at different frequencies (once, twice and thrice per week) between January 2003 and August 2013 were identified.
Background: The Baska functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) mask is a new supraglottic airway designed for head and neck procedures. This prospective, randomized controlled trial compared the oropharyngeal leak pressure (OLP) of the Baska FESS mask with the laryngeal mask airway (LMA) Supreme in different head and neck positions.
Methods: One hundred patients undergoing elective surgery were recruited.