Foundation metrics for evaluating effectiveness of healthcare conversations powered by generative AI.

Generative Artificial Intelligence is set to revolutionize healthcare delivery by transforming traditional patient care into a more personalized, efficient, and proactive process. Chatbots, serving as interactive conversational models, will probably drive this patient-centered transformation in healthcare. Through the provision of various services, including diagnosis, personalized lifestyle recommendations, dynamic scheduling of follow-ups, and mental health support, the objective is to substantially augment patient health outcomes, all the while mitigating the workload burden on healthcare providers.

Bowman capsule rupture in children with myeloperoxidase-antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated glomerulonephritis predicts poor renal survival.

Background: Recent developments indicated that Bowman capsule rupture (BCR) is observed in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated glomerulonephritis (AAGN). We aimed to explore the relationship between BCR and clinical manifestations, pathological changes, and prognosis in children with myeloperoxidase (MPO)-AAGN.

Methods: A total of 56 children with MPO-AAGN were divided into BCR (+) and BCR (-) groups according to the status of Bowman's capsule.

Non-inferiority of deep learning ischemic stroke segmentation on non-contrast CT within 16-hours compared to expert neuroradiologists.

We determined if a convolutional neural network (CNN) deep learning model can accurately segment acute ischemic changes on non-contrast CT compared to neuroradiologists. Non-contrast CT (NCCT) examinations from 232 acute ischemic stroke patients who were enrolled in the DEFUSE 3 trial were included in this study. Three experienced neuroradiologists independently segmented hypodensity that reflected the ischemic core on each scan.

USE-Evaluator: Performance metrics for medical image segmentation models supervised by uncertain, small or empty reference annotations in neuroimaging.

Performance metrics for medical image segmentation models are used to measure the agreement between the reference annotation and the predicted segmentation. Usually, overlap metrics, such as the Dice, are used as a metric to evaluate the performance of these models in order for results to be comparable. However, there is a mismatch between the distributions of cases and the difficulty level of segmentation tasks in public data sets compared to clinical practice.

Inflammation and epigenetics of sporotrichosis disease.

Sporotrichosis, a fungal disease, is caused by exposure to soil that harbors Sporothrix schenckii or through inhalation of fungal spores. Skin is the most frequently exposed organ making sporotrichosis a primarily dermal disease. Many described reports in the literature suggest a connection of sporotrichosis with cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma with some connection between initial sporotrichosis diagnosis and treatment followed by development of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma at the very site.

Congenital absence of left atrial appendage in a patient with ischemic stroke and atrial fibrillation.

Left atrial appendage (LAA) is a finger-like muscular extension of the left atrium, and it is the most prominent site for cardiac thrombus in patients with atrial fibrillation. Congenital absence of LAA could be incidentally detected in patient with ischemic stroke and atrial fibrillation. Although it is considered to be an extremely rare cardiac anomaly, its clinical significance remains unknown and there is no clear consensus in the management strategy in those patients.

Effective treatment of high-voltage pulsed radiofrequency combined with oxygen-ozone injection in acute zoster neuralgia.

Introduction: Postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) is the most common and severe complication of acute herpes zoster. Early treatment of herpes zoster neuralgia is of great significance to reduce the incidence of PHN. This retrospective study evaluated the efficacy and safety of the combination of high-voltage pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) and oxygen-ozone(O-O) injection in patients with acute zoster neuralgia (AZN) who failed to respond to conservative treatment.

AgZDS, a gene encoding ζ-carotene desaturase, increases lutein and β-carotene contents in transgenic Arabidopsis and celery.

ζ-Carotene desaturase (ZDS) is one of the key enzymes regulating carotenoids biosynthesis and accumulation. Celery transgenic efficiency is low and it is difficult to obtain transgenic plants. The study on ZDS was limited in celery.

A Machine Learning Study on the Thermostability Prediction of (R)--Selective Amine Transaminase from Aspergillus terreus.

Artificial intelligence technologies such as machine learning have been applied to protein engineering, with unique advantages in protein structure, function prediction, catalytic activity, and other issues in recent years. Screening better mutants is still a bottleneck in protein engineering. In this paper, a new sequence-activity relationship method was analyzed for its application in improving the thermal stability of Aspergillus terreus (R)--selective amine transaminase.

The Accumulation of Lutein and β-Carotene and Transcript Profiling of Genes Related to Carotenoids Biosynthesis in Yellow Celery.

Carotenoids are the general term of natural pigments. The formation of plant color is probably related to the components of carotenoids. As the yellow variety of celery, it is rich in the composition and content of carotenoids.

CD4 T cells apoptosis and conversion of Th1/Th2-type cytokines promote the progress of sporotrichosis.

Sporotrichosis is a fungal disease of the human and other mammals, caused by a complex of Sporothrix schenckii. The disease follows the traumatic inoculation to lead to fixed lesions, regional lymphangitic lesions, or even disseminated lesions including internal involvement, which depends on host immunological status and strain virulence. In this work, we observed the role of CD4 T cells apoptosis and conversion of Th1/Th2-type cytokines in the cellular immunity regulation on mice model sporotrichosis.

AgNAC1, a celery transcription factor, related to regulation on lignin biosynthesis and salt tolerance.

The NAC transcription factor participates in various biotic and abiotic stress responses and plays a critical role in plant development. Lignin is a water-insoluble dietary fiber, but it is second only to cellulose in abundance. Celery is the main source of dietary fiber, but its quality and production are limited by various abiotic stresses.

[Serum exosomes of rats with hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury induce the damage of hippocampus and cerebral cortex].

The paper was aimed to explore the role of serum exosomes induced by hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in the damage of hippocampus and cerebral cortex of rats. The male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: sham operation group (S), hepatic I/R injury group (I/R), serum exosomes from S group treatment group (ES) and serum exosomes from I/R group treatment group (EI). In ES group and EI group, 100 μL serum exosomes from S group and I/R group were injected into the normal rats through tail vein respectively.

An alternative pathway for cellular protection in BRAF inhibitor resistance in aggressive melanoma type skin cancer.

Oncogenic alterations in the BRAF gene are identified in an estimate of 50% of melanomas and cause melanoma development. BRAF kinase inhibitors (BRAFi), including vemurafenib and dabrafenib, were discovered and used in the clinical treatment of BRAF-mutant metastatic melanoma. Though, BRAFi's therapeutic advantages are short term and short-lived associated with drug resistance.

Focal Visual-Text Attention for Memex Question Answering.

Recent insights on language and vision with neural networks have been successfully applied to simple single-image visual question answering. However, to tackle real-life question answering problems on multimedia collections such as personal photo albums, we have to look at whole collections with sequences of photos. This paper proposes a new multimodal MemexQA task: given a sequence of photos from a user, the goal is to automatically answer questions that help users recover their memory about an event captured in these photos.

The changes of intraoperative body temperature in adult liver transplantation: A retrospective study.

Background: Body temperature is poorly regulated in patients with end-stage liver disease. Due to the prolonged surgery time and anhepatic time as well as the complex surgical procedures performed in liver transplantation, the body temperature fluctuates greatly. This study investigated the effect of intraoperative body temperature fluctuations on the prognosis of liver recipients.

Theoretical analysis and design of hydro-hammer with a jet actuator: An engineering application to improve the penetration rate of directional well drilling in hard rock formations.

Rapid horizontal directional well drilling in hard or fractured formations requires efficient drilling technology. The penetration rate of conventional hard rock drilling technology in horizontal directional well excavations is relatively low, resulting in multiple overgrinding of drill cuttings in bottom boreholes. Conventional drilling techniques with reamer or diamond drill bit face difficulties due to the long construction periods, low penetration rates, and high engineering costs in the directional well drilling of hard rock.

Design of pH-sensitive peptides from natural antimicrobial peptides for enhancing polyethylenimine-mediated gene transfection.

Background: Poor endosomal release is a major barrier of polyplex-mediated gene transfection. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are commonly used to improve polyethylenimine (PEI)-mediated gene transfection by increasing endosomal release. In the present study, we designed novel pH-sensitive peptides that highly enhance transfection efficiency compared to their parent peptides.

Two birds, one stone: dual targeting of the cancer cell surface and subcellular mitochondria by the galectin-3-binding peptide G3-C12.

Active tumor-targeting approaches using specific ligands have drawn considerable attention over the years. However, a single ligand often fails to simultaneously target the cancer cell surface and subcellular organelles, which limits the maximum therapeutic efficacy of delivered drugs. We describe a polymeric delivery system modified with the G3-C12 peptide for sequential dual targeting.

Wuzi Yanzong pill, a Chinese polyherbal formula, alleviates testicular damage in mice induced by ionizing radiation.

Background: Chinese medicine Wuzi Yanzong pill (WZYZP) was firstly documented in ancient Chinese medical works "She Sheng Zhong Miao Fang" by Shi-Che Zhang in 1550 AD. The traditional herbal formula is widely used in treating nephrasthenia lumbago, prospermia, erectile dysfunction and male sterility. The present study was to explore the effects of WZYZP on ionizing irradiation-induced testicular damage in mice.

Macular Thickness in Myopia: An OCT Study of Young Chinese Patients.

Purposes: To investigate macular thickness (MT) in young myopic Chinese patients using Spectralis optical coherence tomography (OCT) and to assess its association with gender, axial length (AL), spherical equivalent (SE), and intraocular pressure (IOP).

Methods: Included in this study were 133 myopic Chinese patients, aged 18-30 years. All underwent complete ophthalmic examinations and Spectralis OCT.

Changes in central corneal thickness and refractive error after thin-flap laser in situ keratomileusis in Chinese eyes.

Background: Refractive stability is influenced by alterations in corneal curvature and corneal thickness after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK). The aim of this study was to analyze the changes of central corneal thickness (CCT) and refractive error following thin-flap LASIK surgery in Chinese eyes.

Methods: One hundred and fifty-eight myopic patients (302 eyes) who underwent thin-flap LASIK surgery were prospectively evaluated.