Endometrial breakdown with sustained progesterone release involves NF-κB-mediated functional progesterone withdrawal in a mouse implant model.

Irregular uterine bleeding is a major side effect of long-acting progestogen-only contraceptives in women, and is the primary reason women discontinue their use. In this study, a mouse model of endometrial breakdown was established using a subcutaneous progesterone implant to understand how irregular bleeding begins. Although progestogens sustained decidualization, endometrial breakdown was still observed in this model.

Isonicotinonitrile-benzoic acid (1/1).

In the title 1:1 adduct, C(6)H(4)N(2)·C(7)H(6)O(2), the carboxyl group and its attached phenyl ring are essentially coplanar, being twisted from each other by a dihedral angle of only 2.05 (3)°. In the crystal, the mol-ecules are connected via O-H⋯N and C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, building an R(2) (2)(7) ring.

2-Cyano-anilinium perchlorate.

In the title compound, C(7)H(7)N(2) (+)·ClO(4) (-), the cation is almost planar (r.m.s.

3-[4-(Dimethyl-amino)benzyl-ideneamino]benzonitrile.

The mol-ecule of the title Schiff base, C(16)H(15)N(3), is non-planar and displays a trans configuration with respect to the C=N double bond. The two benzene rings make a dihedral angle of 49.24 (3)°.

2-(3-Pyridinio)benzimidazolium penta-chloridobismuthate(III) monohydrate.

In the title compound, (C(12)H(11)N(3))[BiCl(5)]·H(2)O, the Bi(III) atom is coordinated by five chloride anions in a distorted square-pyramidal geometry. The planar imidazole ring system [maximum deviation = 0.012 (3) Å] is oriented at a dihedral angle of 6.

4,5-Diphenyl-2-p-tolyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium nitrate.

In the cation of the title compound, C(22)H(19)N(2) (+)·NO(3) (-), the N atom in the 3-position of the imidazole is protonated. The three pendant aromatic rings are twisted from the plane of the imadazolium ring by dihedral angles of 38.1 (1), 43.

1,2-Bis(1H-tetra-zol-5-yl)benzene dihydrate.

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C(8)H(6)N(8)·2H(2)O, contains one half-mol-ecule, with the benzene ring on a centre of symmetry, and two uncoordinated water mol-ecules. The benzene ring is oriented at a dihedral angle of 34.43 (12)° with respect to the tetra-zole ring.

2-(2H-Tetra-zol-5-yl)pyridinium nitrate.

In the cation of the title compound, C(6)H(6)N(5) (+)·NO(3) (-), the dihedral angle between the pyridinium and tetra-zole rings is 8.2 (2)°. The constituent ions of the compound are linked via N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming helical chains running along the b axis.

2-(3-Pyridinio)benzimidazolium penta-chloridoanti-monate(III) monohydrate.

In the title compound, (C(12)H(11)N(3))[SbCl(5)]·H(2)O, the Sb(III) centre is surrounded by five Cl atoms and displays a distorted square-pyramidal coordination geometry. The dihedral angle formed by the plane of the imidazole ring system with the pyridine ring is 4.380 (15)°.

catena-Poly[potassium-di-μ-aqua-μ-4-(5-tetra-zolio)pyridine].

The title compound, [K(C(6)H(4)N(5))(H(2)O)(2)](n), was synthesized by hydro-thermal reaction of KOH with 4-(5-tetra-zolio)pyridine. The K atom has a distorted octa-hedral coordination environment and is coordinated by two axial N atoms from the organic ligand and by four water mol-ecules in the equatorial plane. The mol-ecules as a whole are located on crystallographic mirror planes; the K atom is also located on an inversion center.

3-(1H-Tetra-zol-5-yl)pyridinium 3-(2H-tetra-zol-5-yl)pyridinium dinitrate.

In the title compound, C(6)H(6)N(5) (+)·NO(3) (-), there are two different isomers of the cation within the asymmetric unit. The dihedral angles between the the pyridinium and tetra-zole rings are 2.54 (15) and 13.

2,4,6-Trimethyl-anilinium bromide.

In the title compound, C(9)H(14)N(+)·Br(-), an intra-molecular N-H⋯Br inter-action links the anion to the cation. In the crystal structure, inter-molecular N-H⋯Br inter-actions link the mol-ecules into a three-dimensional network.

2-Cyano-anilinium nitrate.

In the title compound, C(7)H(7)N(2) (+)·NO(3) (-), all atoms of the cation, with the exception of two H atoms of the NH(3) group, lie on a mirror plane, while the anion lies across this plane with the N and one O atom on the mirror plane. In the crystal structure, the organic cations and NO(3) (-) anions are linked by N-H⋯N and N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming a two-dimensional network parallel to (100).

2-(3-Nitro-phen-yl)-4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium chloride.

The title compound, C(21)H(16)N(3)O(2) (+)·Cl(-), contains two organic cations with similar conformation and two chloride ions in the asymmetric unit. The imidazole and benzene rings are twisted with respect to each other [dihedral angles of 24.05 (16), 24.

4-Methyl-3-nitro-benzonitrile.

In the title compound, C(8)H(6)N(2)O(2), the nitro group is rotated by 23.2 (3)° out of the plane of the benzene ring. The crystal structure is stabilized by van der Waals inter-actions.

Synthesis and anticonvulsant activity of 1-substituted-7-benzyloxy-4,5-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]quinoline.

Starting from 6-hydroxy-3,4-dihydro-1H-quinoline-2-one, a series of 1-substituted-7-benzyloxy-4,5-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]quinolines was synthesized and their structures were characterized using IR, 1H-NMR, MS, and elemental analysis techniques. Anticonvulsant activity was evaluated in the maximal electroshock (MES) test, subcutaneous pentylenetetrazol (scMet) test, and rotarod neurotoxicity test. The most active compound was 7-benzyloxy-4,5-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]quinoline 4a.

[Detection of cell-free fetal DNA in the urine of pregnant women by nested polymerase chain reaction].

Objective: To investigate the clinical feasibility of fetal sex determination by using nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect cell-free fetal DNA in the urine of pregnant women.

Methods: The urine specimens of 40 healthy predelivery women were centrifuged. The DNA in the specimens of supernatant was extracted by using of QIAamp Viral RNA Mini Kits.