[Effects of superphosphate addition on NH3 and greenhouse gas emissions during vegetable waste composting].

To study the effects of superphosphate (SP) on the NH, and greenhouse gas emissions, vegetable waste composting was performed for 27 days using 6 different treatments. In addition to the controls, five vegetable waste mixtures (0.77 m3 each) were treated with different amounts of the SP additive, namely, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25%.

Neuroprotective properties of aucubin in diabetic rats and diabetic encephalopathy rats.

In this study, we determined the neuroprotective effect of aucubin on diabetes and diabetic encephalopathy. With the exception of the control group, all rats received intraperitoneal injections of streptozotocin (STZ; 60 mg/kg) to induce type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM). Aucubin (1, 5, 10 mg/kg ip) was used after induction of DM (immediately) and diabetic encephalopathy (65 days after the induction of diabetes).

Protective effects of aucubin on H₂O₂-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells.

The present study investigated the neuroprotective effects of aucubin on hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells. Exposure of PC12 cells to 0.25 mm H₂O₂ induced a leakage of lactate dehydrogenase and decreased cell viability, as shown by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay.

Characterization of chicken egg yolk immunoglobulins (IgYs) specific for the most prevalent capsular serotypes of mastitis-causing Staphylococcus aureus.

The objective of this in vitro study was to evaluate the potential of egg yolk immunoglobulins (IgYs) for treating mastitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus. Specific IgY against type 5 (IgY-T5), type 8 (IgY-T8) and type 336 (IgY-T336) S. aureus strains were obtained by immunizing hens with whole cell vaccines and the IgY produced were then purified to around 80% purity using a water dilution method coupled with salting out and ultra-filtration.

Aucubin modulates Bcl-2 family proteins expression and inhibits caspases cascade in H₂O₂-induced PC12 cells.

In this study, the effect of aucubin on H(2)O(2)-induced apoptosis was studied by using a rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cell line. We have analyzed the apoptosis of H(2)O(2)-induced PC12 cells, H(2)O(2)-induced apoptosis appeared to correlate with lower Bcl-2 expression, higher Bax expression and sequential activation of caspase-3 leading to cleavage of poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP). Aucubin not only inhibited lower Bcl-2 expression, high Bax expression, but also modulated caspase-3 activation, PARP cleavage, and eventually protected against H(2)O(2)-induced apoptosis.

[Nitrogen status diagnosis by using digital photography analysis for organic fertilized maize].

It need a relative long term for the maize nitrogen status diagnosis with a destroyed samples taking. In the present research, a pot experiment with different organic fertilizer and different fertilizer amount input was conducted to study the possibility of using digital photography analysis technology to monitor the N status of organic fertilized maize at 10 leaves unfold stage. The results showed that the greenness intensity (GI) and redness intensity (RI) from maize canopy image had significant inverse linear correlations with the conventional N diagnosis parameters of SPAD readings, upland biomass and upland N uptake.

Chitosan-alginate microcapsules for oral delivery of egg yolk immunoglobulin (IgY): effects of chitosan concentration.

In our previous study, chitosan-alginate microcapsules were developed to protect egg yolk immunoglobulin (IgY) from gastric inactivation. The present study was undertaken to determine the effect of chitosan concentration (0-0.8%; w/v) on various properties of the microcapsules in order to produce the optimum chitosan-alginate microcapsules for use in the oral delivery of IgY.

Chitosan-alginate microcapsules for oral delivery of egg yolk immunoglobulin (IgY): in vivo evaluation in a pig model of enteric colibacillosis.

In our previous study, the applicability of chitosan-alginate microcapsules for oral delivery of egg yolk immunoglobulin (IgY) was established in a simulated gastrointestinal tract environment. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the protective efficacy of microencapsulated IgY against K88+ ETEC (enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli)-induced diarrhea in 40-day-old pigs. Groups of pigs orally challenged with 10(11) cfu/mL of K88+ ETEC were fed with non-encapsulated IgY, microencapsulated IgY and aureomycin-treated feed respectively.

Aucubin prevents loss of hippocampal neurons and regulates antioxidative activity in diabetic encephalopathy rats.

In this study, the neuroprotection of aucubin and its mechanism were evaluated in the rat model of diabetic encephalopathy. Diabetes mellitus (DM) rats were stratified by cognitive capability (CC), and assigned to four treatment groups for aucubin treatment (doses of 0, 1, 5 or 10 mg/kg aucubin), with a further two groups of non-DM rats ranked by CC as controls for aucubin (doses of 0 or 5 mg/kg aucubin). Neuroprotection was estimated by the indexes of behavior and histology.

Efficacy of specific egg yolk immunoglobulin (IgY) to bovine mastitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus.

The objective of this study was to estimate the efficacy of specific egg yolk immunoglobulin (IgY) to bovine mastitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus. Eighteen lactating cows with clinical mastitis and 18 lactating cows with experimental mastitis (1 quarter per cow) were randomly assigned to three treatments: IgY (20mg/ml) infusion, penicillin (100mg/ml) infusion and no infusion. Treatments for clinical mastitis and experimental mastitis were performed by a 6-day course of intramammary infusion with a dosage of 10ml at an interval of 12h.

Protective effect of Acanthopanax senticosus extract against endotoxic shock in mice.

Aim Of The Study: In this study, we evaluated protective effect of Acanthopanax senticosus extract (ASE) and a possible signaling pathway involved during endotoxic shock induced by intraperitoneal injection lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and D-galactosamine (D-GalN) in BALB/c mice.

Materials And Methods: Mice were intraperitoneal administrated with ASE (100, 200 or 400mg/kg) prior to injection of 50 microg/kg LPS and 1g/kg D-GalN. The levels of tumor necrosis-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) in serum and liver.

Neuroprotection of aucubin in primary diabetic encephalopathy.

Hippocampal neuronal apoptosis accompanied by impairment of cognitive function occurs in primary diabetic encephalopathy. In this study, we investigated the neuroprotective mechanism of the iridoid glycoside, aucubin, using rats (n=8). Diabetes mellitus was induced in the rats by intraperitoneal (i.

Inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase by Acanthopanax senticosus extract in RAW264.7 macrophages.

Aim Of The Study: The herb Acanthopanax senticosus (Siberian ginseng) has long been used as a traditional medicine. However, little is known about anti-inflammatory effects and its mechanisms of action. Excess production of nitric oxide (NO) is one of the characteristics of inflammation.

Acanthopanax senticosus suppresses reactive oxygen species production by mouse peritoneal macrophages in vitro and in vivo.

Excess production of reactive oxygen species by macrophages has been implicated in many inflammatory diseases. The present study investigated the inhibitory effect of the stem bark extract of Acanthopanax senticosus on the production of superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide in mouse peritoneal macrophages in vitro and in vivo. Exposure of mouse peritoneal macrophages to A.

Characterization of specific egg yolk immunoglobulin (IgY) against mastitis-causing Escherichia coli.

The objective of this study was to estimate the in vitro activity of egg yolk immunoglobulin (IgY) against mastitis-causing Escherichia coli. Specific IgY was produced by hens immunized with formaldehyde killed E. coli O111 in long-standing immunization response (titer > or =6400 for 100 days) and was isolated from yolks with a purity of 86% by water dilution, salt precipitations and ultrafiltration.

Antioxidant and pancreas-protective effect of aucubin on rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes.

Oxidative stress has been suggested as a contributory factor in development and complication of diabetes. The aim of the present study was to determine the protective effect of aucubin on lipid peroxidation and activities of antioxidant defense systems and to conduct immunohistochemical evaluation of pancreas in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Lipid peroxidation was determined by assessing the concentration of malondialdehyde and activities of antioxidant enzymes - catalase, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase in liver and kidneys of rats were determined.

A novel small molecule inhibitor targeted at Bcl-2.

Recently, the heterocyclic compound 8-oxo-3-thiomorpholino-8H-acenaphtho[1,2-b]pyrrole-9-carbonitrile (S1) was synthesized and shown to induce apoptosis in both (H22) hematoma and (MCF-7) adenocarcinoma cells. The IC(50) values of S1 against the two cell lines were 0.17 and 0.

Acanthopanax senticosus inhibits nitric oxide production in murine macrophages in vitro and in vivo.

Excess nitric oxide (NO) production has been implicated in inflammatory diseases. The present study investigated the inhibitory effect of the stem bark extract of Acanthopanax senticosus (A. senticosus) on NO production in murine macrophages in vitro and in vivo.

Chitosan-alginate microcapsules for oral delivery of egg yolk immunoglobulin (IgY).

Chitosan-alginate microcapsules were evaluated as a method of oral delivery of IgY antibodies. Physical characteristics, encapsulation efficiency (EE%), the loading capacity for IgY (IgY loading percentage, %, w/w of microcapsules), gastro-resistance, and release characteristics of these microcapsules in vitro under varying pH were investigated. Optimum physical factors were established for preparation of homogeneous, spherical, and smooth microcapsules.

Sequential treatment with lamivudine and interferon-alpha monotherapies in hepatitis B e antigen-negative Chinese patients and its suppression of lamivudine-resistant mutations.

Objectives: To assess the efficacy of sequential treatment with lamivudine and interferon-alpha monotherapies in Chinese patients with hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-negative chronic hepatitis B.

Methods: One hundred and sixty-two patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B were included in this study. Ninety-eight were treated with lamivudine alone (100 mg per day) for 48 weeks (group B).

Rapid quantitation of lamivudine-resistant mutants in lamivudine treated and untreated patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection.

Background: Long-term lamivudine treatment induces emergence of lamivudine-resistant hepatitis B virus (HBV) in a significant number of patients with chronic HBV infection. Rapid and quantitative methods to determine the percentage of lamivudine-resistant mutants in total HBV are important during lamivudine therapy.

Methods: We established a quantitative real-time PCR method with selective primers and TaqMan probe to detect the percentage of lamivudine-resistant mutants in total HBV without the need of external DNA standards.

[Construction and expression of recombinant human thymosin alpha1 fusion gene in Pichia pastoris].

The human Thymosin alpha1 (hTalpha1) gene was synthesized according to the optimal codons of Pichia pastoris and was fused in 5' terminal of ribosomal protein (RP) gene using over lapping polymerase chain reaction. The fusion gene was inserted into expression vector of pPIC3. 5K and was transformed into HIS4 mutant strain GS115 by electroporation.

[The new advance of coupled transcription and translation: translation within the nuclei in eukaryotes].

It is well known that the processes of transcription and translation are coupled in prokaryotes. However, in eukaryotes, shortly after the transcription of the primary transcript begins, modifications and processing occur. After the mature mRNA moleculars are transported from the nuclei to the cytoplasm, the translations begin.