Background/aim: Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) comprises approximately 85% of lung cancer. Treatment with docetaxel prolongs the survival of patients with NSCLC. However, the development of resistance to docetaxel has compromised its efficacy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFVascular calcification (VC) is the ectopic deposition of calcium-containing apatite within vascular walls, exhibiting a high prevalence in older adults, and those with diabetes or chronic kidney disease. VC is a subclinical cardiovascular risk trait that increases mortality and functional deterioration. However, effective treatments for VC remain largely unavailable despite multiple attempts.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCarcinogens, such as arecoline, play a crucial role in cancer progression and continuous gene mutations by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS). Antioxidants can reduce ROS levels and potentially prevent cancer progression but may paradoxically enhance the survival of cancer cells. This study investigated whether epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), an antioxidant from green tea, could resolve this paradox.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTrophoblast migration and invasion play crucial roles in placental development. However, the effects of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on trophoblast cell functions remain largely unexplored. In this study, we investigated the impact of EGCG on the survival of trophoblast cells and employed a proteomics analysis to evaluate its influence on trophoblast cell migration and invasion.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFResistin and suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCSs) have been reported to regulate prostate cancer (PCa) cell proliferation and survival, respectively. Whether any of the SOCS molecules mediate the mitogenic effect of resistin on PCa cells is unknown. Using PC-3 human PCa cells, we found that resistin upregulates the expression of and mRNA, but not mRNA, in a dose- and time-dependent manner.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is upregulated in prostate cancer (PCa). However, suppression of EGFR did not improve the patient outcome, possibly due to the activation of PI3K/Akt signaling in PCa. Compounds able to suppress both PI3K/Akt and EGFR signaling may be effective for treating advanced PCa.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has a detrimental impact on public health. COVID-19 usually manifests as pneumonia, which can progress into acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) related to uncontrolled TH17 immune reaction. Currently, there is no effective therapeutic agent to manage COVID-19 with complications.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHost immunological pathways are delicate to cope with different types of pathogens. In this article, we divide immunological pathways into two groups: Immunoglobulin G-related eradicable immunities and Immunoglobulin A-related tolerable immunities. Once immune cells encounter an antigen, they can become anergic or trigger immune reactions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnzalutamide, a nonsteroidal antiandrogen, significantly prolonged the survival of patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). However, patients receiving enzalutamide frequently develop drug resistance. Rooibos (Aspalathus linearis) is a shrub-like leguminous fynbos plant endemic to the Cedarberg Mountains area in South Africa.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Endocrinol (Lausanne)
January 2022
Endothelins induce many biological responses, and they are composed of three peptides: ET-1, ET-2, and ET-3. Reports have indicated that ET-1 regulates cell proliferation, adipogenesis, and other cell responses and that ET-3 stimulates the growth of gastrointestinal epithelial cells and melanocytes. However, the signalling pathways of ET3 that mediate the growth of fat cells are still unclear.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPatients with complicated parapneumonic effusion (CPPE)/empyema have high morbidity and mortality, particularly when adequate management is delayed. We aimed to investigate novel dysregulated cytokines that can be used as biomarkers for infectious pleural effusions, especially for CPPE/empyema. Expression of 40 cytokines in parapneumonic effusions (PPE) was screened in the discovery phase, involving 63 patients, using a multiplex immunobead-based assay.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProstate cancer (PCa) is a reproductive system cancer in elderly men. We investigated the effects of betel nut arecoline on the growth of normal and cancerous prostate cells. Normal RWPE-1 prostate epithelial cells, androgen-independent PC-3 PCa cells, and androgen-dependent LNCaP PCa cells were used.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEndothelin (ET)-1 regulates adipogenesis and the endocrine activity of fat cells. However, relatively little is known about the ET-1 signaling pathway in preadipocyte growth. We used 3T3-L1 preadipocytes to investigate the signaling pathways involved in ET-1 modulation of preadipocyte proliferation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: We previously demonstrated that the pleural levels of proteins (neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin/NGAL, calprotectin, bactericidal permeability-increasing/BPI, azurocidin 1/AZU-1) were valuable markers for identifying complicated PPE (CPPE). Herein, this study was performed to evaluate whether these proteins are useful as serological markers for identifying CPPE and empyema.
Methods: A total of 137 participates were enrolled in this study.
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. We examined if tumor tissue and circulating protein levels of all vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) and VEGF receptors (VEGFRs) were synchronous and different in Taiwan patients with metastatic CRC (mCRC) vs. non-mCRC.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe present study was designed to investigate the pathways involved in the effect of betel nut arecoline on cell viability in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Arecoline, but not arecaidine or guvacine, inhibited preadipocyte viability in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Arecoline arrested preadipocyte growth in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle; decreased the total levels of cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1), p21, and p27 proteins; increased p53 and cyclin B1 protein levels; and had no effect on CDK2 protein levels.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPatients with pneumonia and parapneumonic effusion (PPE) have elevated mortality and a poor prognosis. The aim of this study was to discover novel biomarkers to help distinguish between uncomplicated PPE (UPPE) and complicated PPE (CPPE). Using an iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomics, we identified 766 proteins in pleural effusions from PPE patients.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn order to functionally characterize the metabolic roles of crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (CHH), gene expression of CHH in the crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) was knocked down by in vivo injection of CHH double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), followed by metabolomic analysis of 2 CHH target tissues (the muscle and hepatopancreas) using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Compared to the levels in untreated and saline-injected (SAI) animals, levels of CHH transcript, but not those of molt-inhibiting hormone (a CHH-family peptide), in the eyestalk ganglia of CHH dsRNA-injected (DSI) animals were significantly decreased at 24, 48, and 72 hour post injection (hpi), with concomitant changes in levels of CHH peptide in the sinus gland (a neurohemal organ) and hemolymph. Green fluorescence protein (GFP) dsRNA failed to affect levels of CHH transcript in the eyestalk ganglia of GFP DSI animals.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThis study investigated the pathways involved in the effect of green tea epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) on mitogenesis in BeWo, JEG-3, and JAR placental choriocarcinoma cells. EGCG inhibited cell proliferation in dose-dependent and time-dependent manners, as indicated by the number of cells and incorporation of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU). A catechin-specific effect of green tea was evident; EGCG was more effective than epicatechin, epicatechin gallate, and epigallocatechin in suppressing cell growth.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGreen tea catechins, especially (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), have been reported to circulate in the placenta of animals and blood of humans after consumption. Whether EGCG regulates activity of human villous trophoblasts (HVT) is unknown. This study investigated the pathways involved in EGCG modulation of trophoblast mitogenesis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThis study investigated the pathways involved in EGCG modulation of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-stimulated glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. EGCG inhibited IGF-I and IGF-II stimulation of adipocyte glucose uptake with dose and time dependencies. EGCG at 20μM for 2h decreased IGF-I- and IGF-II-stimulated glucose uptake by 59% and 64%, respectively.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFScope: This study investigated the pathways involved in epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) modulation of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I-stimulated and IGF-II-stimulated mitogenesis in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes.
Methods And Results: We found that this process was dose and time dependent, and caused by suppression of IGF-I-stimulated and IGF-II-stimulated phosphorylation of p66Shc and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway proteins, including MEK1 kinase (RAF1), extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) kinase (MEK1), and ERK 1 and ERK 2 (ERK1/2), but not phospho-Jun-N-terminal kinase, protein kinase B, p52Shc, or p46Shc. Furthermore, EGCG inhibited the IGF-I-stimulated phosphorylation of the IGF-I receptor-beta (IGF-IR β), the association of IGF-IR with the p66Shc protein, and the IGF-II-stimulated associations of the IGF-II receptor with G(αi-2) and p66Shc proteins, suggesting that EGCG selectively affects particular types of Shc and MAPK family members.
Insulin and (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) are reported to regulate obesity and fat accumulation, respectively. This study investigated the pathways involved in EGCG modulation of insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 and C3H10T1/2 adipocytes. EGCG inhibited insulin stimulation of adipocyte glucose uptake in a dose- and time-dependent manner.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGreen tea catechins, especially (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), are known to regulate obesity and fat accumulation. We performed a kinetic analysis in a cell-free system to determine the mode of inhibition of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH; EC 1.1.
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