Adaptive quantized finite-time fault-tolerant control for uncertain multi-input multi-output systems and its application.

The article proposes a novel state-feedback control method for a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) nonlinear system with actuator faults and input quantization. The innovation of the design approach lies in the utilization of fuzzy logic systems (FLSs) to approximate the uncertain intermediate virtual control laws, thereby achieving a simplified virtual control design form. Additionally, finite-time control is employed to enhance the system's response speed.

The first identification of three AdIRAK2 genes from an evolutionarily important amphibian Andrias davidianus and their involvement in NF-κB activation and inflammatory responses.

Interleukin-1 receptor associated kinases (IRAK) is the most important downstream kinases of TLRs/IL-1R signaling pathway for signal transduction and activation of inflammatory response against pathogen infections. However, the molecular identification and function characterization of IRAK2 homologs in lower vertebrate remains obscure. In this study, three IRAK2 genes (AdIRAK2a, AdIRAKb and AdIRAK2c) and their respective transcripts were identified from the Chinese giant salamander Andrias davidianus.

Identification and functional analysis of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) from Scylla paramamosain: The first evidence of two EGFR genes in animal and their involvement in immune defense against pathogen infection.

The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a pleiotropic glycoprotein which plays a role in regulating cell proliferation, migration and differentiation. However, the genetic diversity of EGFR in crustaceans as well as its function, such as whether it is involved in immune regulation, remains obscure. In this study, two EGFR genes, including EGFR1 and EGFR2, and three transcripts were identified and characterized in Scylla Paramamosain for the first time.

Identification and function analysis of two fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) from Scylla paramamosain: The evidence of FGFR involved in innate immunity in crustacean.

The fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) belongs to the tyrosine kinase family consisting of four members (FGFR1-4). This study involved identification and characterization of FGFR1 and FGFR3 from mud crab Scylla paramamosain for the first time. The obtained cDNAs of SpFGFR1 and SpFGFR3 were 2,380 bp and 2,982 bp in length with a 1,503 bp and 2,310 bp open reading frame, respectively.

A novel prescribed performance controller for strict-feedback nonlinear systems with input constraints.

This paper is devoted to the prescribed performance control (PPC) for a class of strict-feedback nonlinear systems with input saturation constraints. With the help of an improved tuning function, the system can achieve the desired steady-state and transient performance in the pre-designed time. A new error transformation function is introduced, which has inherent robustness, so it does not need to use any approximation technique or calculate the analytical derivative.

Lower triangle factor based sliding mode observers design for T-S fuzzy systems with faults.

The paper mainly focuses on the fault estimation for a class of Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy systems with faults. A synthetic estimation observer design method is proposed. The synthetic estimation observer can cover the robust observer, adaptive observer and intermediate estimation observer in the existing study work.

The effects of salinities stress on histopathological changes, serum biochemical index, non-specific immune and transcriptome analysis in red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii.

This study aimed to investigate whether different salinity stresses (0, 2, 4, 6, or 8 ppt NaCl) affect the histoarchitecture, serum biochemical indices, antioxidant responses, and transcriptome analysis of the red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii. Transmission electron microscopy results showed that the degree of damage to the nuclei and mitochondria in the hepatopancreas increased with increasing salinity. Scanning electron microscopy results showed that the degree of gill wrinkles was enhanced under salinity stress.

Comprehensive Analysis of GLUT1 Immune Infiltrates and ceRNA Network in Human Esophageal Carcinoma.

Background: Glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) is encoded by the solute carrier family 2A1 (SLC2A1) gene and is one of the glucose transporters with the greatest affinity for glucose. Abnormal expression of GLUT1 is associated with a variety of cancers. However, the biological role of GLUT1 in esophageal carcinoma (ESCA) remains to be determined.

Functional differences in the products of two TRAF3 genes in antiviral responses in the Chinese giant salamander, Andrias davidianus.

Tumour necrosis factor receptor associated factor 3 (TRAF3) is a crucial transducing protein for linking upstream receptor signals and downstream antiviral signalling pathways. Previous studies mostly clarified the functions of TRAF3 in mammals, birds and fish, but little is known about the characterization and function of TRAF3 in amphibians. In this study, the molecular and functional identification of two TRAF3 genes, AdTRAF3A and AdTRAF3B, were investigated in the Chinese giant salamander Andrias davidianus.

Event-triggered adaptive prescribed performance control of uncertain nonlinear systems with unknown control directions.

The problem of event-triggered prescribed performance control for a class of uncertain nonlinear systems with unknown control directions and faults is investigated. Compared with the existing methods, a new set of error transformation functions is defined for the first time. Although no approximate structure is adopted, prescribed performance control (PPC) and event triggered control (ETC) are realized simultaneously for the nonlinear system considered in this paper for the first time.

Identification and functional analysis of transforming growth factor-β type III receptor (TβR3) from Scylla paramamosain: The first evidence of TβR3 involved in development and innate immunity in invertebrates.

Transforming growth factor-β type III receptor (TβR3), as a co-receptor of TGF-β superfamily, plays critical roles in development and growth as well as some disease pathogeneses by presenting ligands to other receptors in vertebrates. However, the identification and functional characterization of TβR3 had not been reported yet in invertebrates. In the present study, TβR3 was first identified and characterized in mud crab Scylla paramamosain.

Neural Network Adaptive Tracking Control of Uncertain MIMO Nonlinear Systems With Output Constraints and Event-Triggered Inputs.

This article is concerned with a neural adaptive tracking control scheme for a class of multiinput and multioutput (MIMO) nonaffine nonlinear systems with event-triggered mechanisms, which include the fixed thresholds, triggering control inputs, and decreasing functions of tracking errors. Unlike the existing results of nonaffine nonlinear controller decoupling, a novel nonlinear multiple control inputs separated design method is proposed based on the mean-value theorem and the Taylor expansion technique. By this way, a weaker condition of nonlinear decoupling is provided to instead of the previous ones.

Adaptive Fuzzy Tracking Control for a Class of Uncertain Switched Nonlinear Systems With Full-State Constraints and Input Saturations.

In this article, an adaptive fuzzy tracking control scheme is developed for a class of uncertain switched nonlinear systems with input saturations and full-state constraints. First to surmount the design difficulty with respect to a saturation nonlinearity controller, a nonlinear smooth function approximating the nondifferential saturation function is introduced to establish a standard switched adaptive tracking control strategy based on the mean-value theorem and the input compensation technique. Then, invoking fuzzy-logic systems (FLSs), a novel analysis method of average dwell time for switched nonlinear systems with full-state constraints is proposed by using an artful logarithmic inequality.

Robust Adaptive Fault-Tolerant Tracking Control for Nonaffine Stochastic Nonlinear Systems With Full-State Constraints.

In this article, the adaptive fault-tolerant tracking control problem of nonaffine stochastic nonlinear systems with actuator failures and full-state constraints is studied. To surmount the design difficulty from nonaffine nonlinear term with multi-input and single-output (MISO) faulty modes, a novel nonlinear fault compensation function with adjustable parameter factor is first introduced to establish a standard adaptive fault-tolerant control (AFTC) strategy based on the mean-value theorem. Then, the remaining nonlinear function, including the partial loss of effectiveness, outage, and stuck cases, together with the constructed compound nonlinear function can be approximated by using the suitable fuzzy-logic system (FLS).

Convergent Estimation Mechanism Design for Nonlinear Fuzzy Systems With Faults.

The convergent estimation for a class of nonlinear Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy systems is concerned, where time-varying process faults and input disturbances are both involved. A convergent estimation mechanism (CEM) based on a set of fuzzy iterative estimation observers is constructed for the nonlinear fuzzy system; meanwhile, the convergence of the mean sequence of estimation errors (for both states and faults) to zero (vector) is proved. However, in the existing literature, the estimation errors can only be proved to be uniformly ultimately bounded when the fault is time varying.

Effect of organic additives on silver release from nanosilver-polyethylene composite films to acidic food simulant.

The effects of organic additives (Irgafos 168, Irganox 1076, Tinuvin 622, Chimassorb 944, UV-P, and UV-531) on silver release from nanosilver-polyethylene composite films into an acidic food simulant (3% acetic acid) were investigated using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The limits of detection and quantification, coefficient of determination, and recoveries of the method used were 3.7ngL, 12.

Adaptive Output Neural Network Control for a Class of Stochastic Nonlinear Systems With Dead-Zone Nonlinearities.

This paper investigates the problem of adaptive output neural network (NN) control for a class of stochastic nonaffine and nonlinear systems with actuator dead-zone inputs. First, based on the intermediate value theorem, a novel design scheme that converts the nonaffine system into the corresponding affine system is developed. In particular, the priori knowledge of the bound of the derivative of the nonaffine and nonlinear functions is removed; then, by employing NNs to approximate the appropriate nonlinear functions, the corresponding adaptive NN tracking controller with the adjustable parameter updated laws is designed through a backstepping technique.

Effect of antioxidants and light stabilisers on silver migration from nanosilver-polyethylene composite packaging films into food simulants.

The effect of exposure time, temperature and food simulants, especially additives, on the release of silver from nanosilver-polyethylene composite films to food simulants was studied. Two different type of nanosilver-polyethylene composite films (with or without additives) were chosen to conduct the experiment with the aim of exploring the behaviour of silver migration. It was shown that the migration of silver into 50% ethanol at 40 and 70°C was much less than that into 3% acetic acid.