Quantum Circuit Architecture Search on a Superconducting Processor.

Variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) have shown strong evidence to gain provable computational advantages in diverse fields such as finance, machine learning, and chemistry. However, the heuristic ansatz exploited in modern VQAs is incapable of balancing the trade-off between expressivity and trainability, which may lead to degraded performance when executed on noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) machines. To address this issue, here, we demonstrate the first proof-of-principle experiment of applying an efficient automatic ansatz design technique, i.

Formation and Magnetic Properties of Transition Metal Atomic Chains on Monolayer MoS Grain Boundaries: A First-Principles Study.

Magnetic one-dimensional nanostructures show great potential in spintronics and can be used as basic building blocks for magnetic materials and devices with multiple functions. In this study, transition group atomic chains (V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni) are introduced into nonmagnetic MoS with a 4|8ud-type grain boundary. Based on first-principles calculations, the V atomic chains show good thermodynamic stability and can self-assemble along the grain boundary direction.

Theranostic Rhenium(I)-Based ER-Phagy Retardant Promotes Immunogenic Cell Death.

ER-phagy is a double-edged sword in the occurrence, development, and treatment of cancer; especially, its functions in immunotherapy are still unknown. In this work, we designed a theranostic Re complex () containing a BODIPY-derived ligand and a β-carboline ligand to target the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and block ER-phagy at the late stages. Interestingly, as validated both in vitro and in vivo, ER-phagy blockage greatly enhances the capability of to induce immunogenic cell death (ICD).

Sex and APOE ε4 allele differences in longitudinal white matter microstructure in multiple cohorts of aging and Alzheimer's disease.

Introduction: The effects of sex and apolipoprotein E (APOE)-Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk factors-on white matter microstructure are not well characterized.

Methods: Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging data from nine well-established longitudinal cohorts of aging were free water (FW)-corrected and harmonized. This dataset included 4741 participants (age = 73.

Foundation model of ECG diagnosis: Diagnostics and explanations of any form and rhythm on ECG.

We propose a knowledge-enhanced electrocardiogram (ECG) diagnosis foundation model (KED) that utilizes large language models to incorporate domain-specific knowledge of ECG signals. This model is trained on 800,000 ECGs from nearly 160,000 unique patients. Despite being trained on single-center data, KED demonstrates exceptional zero-shot diagnosis performance across various regions, including different locales in China, the United States, and other regions.

Synergistic Nonreciprocity of Linear and Nonlinear Optical Diffraction.

Linear optical diffraction of light is a basic natural phenomenon subject to a long history study and it obeys the well-known reciprocity in transport. In this work we report observation of synergistic nonreciprocal linear and nonlinear diffraction of a Ti:sapphire femtosecond laser beam against a periodic poled lithium niobate (PPLN) thin plate nonlinear grating with a front surface corrugated with a shallow grating of a depth only 67 nm and a smooth back surface. A high peak power pump laser beam shining upon the geometrically asymmetric nonlinear grating from either the front surface and back surface will both cause significant second-order nonlinear (2nd-NL) Raman-Nath diffraction and Cerenkov radiation, in addition to apparent linear optical diffraction and modest third-order nonlinear (3rd-NL) spectral broadening.

Naked-eye and fluorescence resonance energy transfer based ratiometric fluorescent probe for rapid, sensitive and selective detection of hydrazine and its applications in imaging of environmental samples and living systems.

Hydrazine, a compound recognized for its carcinogenic and genotoxic properties, presents a significant threat to human health via environmental exposure and drug metabolism. The detection of hydrazine is essential for safeguarding human health. However, a tool capable of accurately detecting hydrazine across diverse sample types, such as soil, water sources, and plant specimens contaminated by hydrazine leakage, as well as cells and live mice containing endogenously generated hydrazine from drug metabolism, is still lacking.

Research progress on animal models of peritoneal adhesion.

Peritoneal adhesion is a common complication of abdominal and pelvic surgery that can cause various clinical symptoms, including abdominal pain, intestinal obstruction, and female infertility, significantly impacting patient quality of life. Animal models of peritoneal adhesion are important tools for studying the mechanisms of adhesion formation and evaluating the effectiveness of prevention and treatment. Various methods for constructing animal models of peritoneal adhesion include physical injury, chemical injury, ischemia, infection, foreign body stimulation, and simulated surgery; however, none can fully simulate peritoneal adhesion in patients clinically.

Extended One-Way Waveguide States of Large-Area Propagation in Gyromagnetic Photonic Crystals.

We propose extended one-way waveguide states of large-area propagation in a photonic crystal waveguide consisting of two honeycomb gyromagnetic photonic crystals with opposite external magnetic fields. When the width of the waveguide is small enough, the edge states along both boundaries of the waveguide couple with each other strongly and thus create the so-called extended one-way waveguide states. Of note, this structure supports both even and odd extended states, which can be excited under different excitation conditions.

Molecular characterization of Pleiotropic Drug Resistance (PDR) genes involved in tolerance of cadmium in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.).

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is one of the most important oil crops worldwide. Cadmium (Cd), a heavy metal that is nonessential and toxic, has the potential to significantly impacted the quality and safety of peanut.

The impact of short-term exposure to criteria air pollutants on sleep disturbance among young adults: A nationwide analysis in 261 Chinese cities.

Backgrounds: Evidence concerning the short-term acute effect of air pollution on sleep health is quite limited. This study aims to examine the association between short-term exposure to ambient criteria air pollutants (CAPs) and sleep disturbance among young adults.

Methods: A nationwide retrospective study was conducted across 261 Chinese cities from 2023 to 2024.

The combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers improved the quality of colored wheat by physicochemical properties and rheological characteristics of starch.

Excessive use of nitrogen fertilizer can degrade the quality of wheat grain, while appropriate use of organic fertilizer can enhance starch quality. To clarify the effects of chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer on wheat quality. We measured indicators such as amylose content, starch granules, starch structure, gelatinization characteristics, and rheological properties of wheat under different proportions of combined application of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer, revealing the effects of combined application of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer on the physicochemical properties and structure of starch.

In Situ Synthesis of Copper-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks with Ligand Defects for Electrochemical Reduction of CO into C Products.

Electrochemical reduction of CO into high-value-added products is a potential approach to solving environmental problems but is limited by poor product selectivity and low efficiency. Metal-organic framework (MOF) materials have been considered one of the most promising catalysts, but their application is limited by complicated preparation processes, especially during the synthesis of organic ligands. In this work, a new three-dimensional Cu-MOF () with high porosity was constructed based on the naphthalene diimide (NDI) ligand.

Joint self-supervised and supervised contrastive learning for multimodal MRI data: Towards predicting abnormal neurodevelopment.

The integration of different imaging modalities, such as structural, diffusion tensor, and functional magnetic resonance imaging, with deep learning models has yielded promising outcomes in discerning phenotypic characteristics and enhancing disease diagnosis. The development of such a technique hinges on the efficient fusion of heterogeneous multimodal features, which initially reside within distinct representation spaces. Naively fusing the multimodal features does not adequately capture the complementary information and could even produce redundancy.

Feature sequence-based genome mining uncovers the hidden diversity of bacterial siderophore pathways.

Microbial secondary metabolites are a rich source for pharmaceutical discoveries and play crucial ecological functions. While tools exist to identify secondary metabolite clusters in genomes, precise sequence-to-function mapping remains challenging because neither function nor substrate specificity of biosynthesis enzymes can accurately be predicted. Here, we developed a knowledge-guided bioinformatic pipeline to solve these issues.

Inorganic-Enriched Solid Electrolyte Interphases: A Key to Enhance Sodium-Ion Battery Cycle Stability?

The characteristics of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) at both the cathode and anode interfaces are crucial for the performance of sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). The research demonstrates the merits of a balanced organic component, specifically the organic sodium alkyl sulfonate (ROSONa) featured in this work, in conjunction with the inorganic sodium fluoride (NaF), to enhance the interfacial stability. Using a customized electrolyte, it has optimized the interphase, curbing excess NaF production, and created a thin and uniform NaF/ROSONa-rich SEI layer.

Natural diversifying evolution of nonribosomal peptide synthetases in a defensive symbiont reveals nonmodular functional constraints.

The modular architecture of nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) has inspired efforts to study their evolution and engineering. In this study, we analyze in detail a unique family of NRPSs from the defensive intracellular bacterial symbiont, Endobryopsis kahalalidifaciens ( E. kahalalidifaciens).