Mechanistic Insights into Regioselectivity and Its Evolution in On-Surface Polymerization.

Surface-catalyzed polymerization is crucial in both chemical science and industrial manufacturing, yet achieving regioselective radical polymerization on the surface remains challenging. Here, we demonstrate the regioselective Ullmann polymerization of nonsymmetrical 2,8-dibromoquinoline (DBQ) on an Au(111) surface. By combining scanning tunneling microscopy, density functional theory calculations, and kinetic modeling, we reveal the regioselectivity and its evolution with surface temperature at the molecular level.

Moscatilin Induces Ferroptosis in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma via the JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway.

Moscatilin, a biphenyl compound derived from Dendrobium nobile, exhibits significant anti-tumor activity. However, the specific role of moscatilin in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and its underlying molecular mechanisms have not been fully studied. This study aims to fill this gap by demonstrating through a series of experiments that moscatilin can effectively inhibit the proliferation and migration of ccRCC and induce its apoptosis process.

Cumulative blood pressure predicts risk of cardiovascular outcomes in middle-aged and older population.

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a major health concern globally, contributing to a considerable disease burden. However, few studies have considered long-term cumulative blood pressure (cBP) exposure in middle-aged and older population in China. The aim of this study was to investigate whether long-term cBP was associated with subsequent cardiovascular outcomes among participants without CVD at baseline in Chinese over 45 years old.

Machine learning-assisted wearable sensing systems for speech recognition and interaction.

The human voice stands out for its rich information transmission capabilities. However, voice communication is susceptible to interference from noisy environments and obstacles. Here, we propose a wearable wireless flexible skin-attached acoustic sensor (SAAS) capable of capturing the vibrations of vocal organs and skin movements, thereby enabling voice recognition and human-machine interaction (HMI) in harsh acoustic environments.

The protective effects of two varicella vaccination strategies:a Bayesian modeling study in two megacities in South China.

Background: China implemented diverse varicella vaccination strategies from 2012-2022, with unclear protective effects. The study aimed to evaluate the effects of two varicella vaccination (VarV) (the two-dose self-paid VarV and the two-dose free VarV) strategies implemented in Guangdong Province, China.

Research Design And Methods: We collected data on varicella cases and doses administered to children aged 0-14 in Guangzhou, Shenzhen, and Foshan from 2012 to 2022.

Design, synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of oxazolidinone derivatives containing N-methylglycyl or quaternary ammonium salts.

The continuous evolution of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria to existing antibiotic treatment regimens poses a serious threat to human health, so the discovery of new and potent antimicrobial drugs that are less likely to develop resistance is of great clinical significance. As a result, oxazolidinone antibiotics have emerged as a significant class of bacterial protein synthesis inhibitors, with particular success in the treatment of MDR Gram-positive infections. Herein, a series of novel C-ring modified oxazolidinone derivatives with the introduction of N-methylglycyl groups or quaternary ammonium salts were synthesized and evaluated for their antibacterial efficacy, among which most of the N-methylglycyl derivatives showed significant activity against E.

Multi-stimuli-responsive pectin-coated dendritic mesoporous silica nanoparticles with Eugenol as a sustained release nanocarrier for the control of tomato bacterial wilt.

Background: Environmentally responsive nanoscale biocide delivery system enhances smart, regulated, and synergistic biocide application with precise biocide release. In this study, pectin-modified dendritic mesoporous silica nanoparticles (DMSNs) was used as a carrier to successfully construct a microenvironment-responsive (pH, temperature and enzyme) eugenol nano-biocide delivery system for the control of Ralstonia solanacearum infection.

Results: The results showed that the specific surface area, pore size and surface activity of DMSNs significantly influence the biocide loading of eugenol, and the biocide loading capability was up to 72.

FeCN/MXene as novel heterogeneous electro-Fenton catalysts for the degradation of sulfathiazole: Performance and mechanism investigation.

The present study aims to fabricate heterogeneous electro-Fenton (HEF) cathode catalysts for the in-situ generation of HO and the degradation of organic pollutants in water. To achieve this, preparation of Fe and N co-doped MXene composites (FeCN/MXene-x, where x represents the loading content of FeCN) and construction of the HEF system for the degradation of sulfathiazole (STZ) were carried out. The characterization results showed that Fe, C and N mainly existed in the form of FeC and FeN in the FeCN/MXene catalysts, which were favorable for promoting the ORR reaction in the HEF system.

3D Large Space Warp-Knitted Composite Fabric with Heating and Insulation for Extremely Cold Environments.

The extremely cold environment restricts certain activities, making the preparation of a material with both heating and insulation functions a significant challenge. This study presents the large space warp-knitted composite fabric (LSWCF) as an electric heating inflatable material with a three-dimensional structure. It is designed and developed from three modes to mitigate heat loss.

Space-coded microchip for multiplexed respiratory virus detection via CRISPR-Cas12a and RPA.

Multiple infections of respiratory viruses are common in patients with clinical respiratory diseases, but current detection methods still have problems such as complex equipment and long detection time. Rapid, low-cost, and on-site detection of human respiratory viruses is crucial for both clinical diagnosis and population screening. In this research, we created a space-coded microfluidic chip (SC-Chip) for the recognition of nine respiratory viruses: influenza A virus, influenza B virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, human coronavirus OC43, human coronavirus NL63, human coronavirus HKU1, human respiratory syncytial virus, human parainfluenza virus, and human metapneumovirus.

Molecular Tumor Board-Guided Targeted Treatments for Biliary Tract Cancers in a Publicly Funded Healthcare System.

Comprehensive molecular profiling can identify alterations in biliary tract cancer (BTC) potentially treatable with targeted therapies. However, the impact of whole-genome and transcriptome sequencing (WGTS) on therapeutic decision-making in a public healthcare system is unknown. Here, BTC patients prospectively received WGTS to inform clinical care at a large Canadian academic cancer center.

Precision surgery for hepatocellular carcinoma.

Hepatocellular carcinoma arises in the setting of cirrhosis in most cases, requiring multidisciplinary input to define resectability. In this regard, more precise surgical management considers patient factors and anatomical states, including resection margins, tumour biology, and perioperative therapy. Together with advances in surgical techniques, this integrated approach has resulted in considerable improvements in patient morbidity and oncological outcomes.

Association between Blood Trihalomethane Concentrations and the Risk of Dyslipidemia: Nationally Representative Cross-Sectional Study.

Experimental studies have indicated that exposure to disinfection byproducts (DBPs) may affect the lipid synthesis. However, epidemiological evidence is sparse. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between blood trihalomethane (THM) exposure and the risk of dyslipidemia from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005-2018.

Lipids and C-reactive protein predict anhedonia and reward circuit functional connectivity responses to anti-cytokine and dopaminergic therapies in patients with depression.

Increased inflammation and associated metabolic disturbances have been shown to affect neurotransmitters and brain circuits, contributing to an immunometabolic phenotype of anhedonic depression. To extend our previous findings on relationships between plasma lipids and antidepressant response to anti-cytokine therapy, we explored in secondary analyses whether lipid-related biomarkers similarly predicted change in anhedonia or functional connectivity (FC) in dopamine-rich corticostriatal reward circuitry in medically-stable, depressed patients with a range of inflammation levels (indexed by plasma C-reactive protein [CRP]) who were administered inflammation-targeted therapies. Relationships were examined between baseline lipids (plasma cholesterols, triglycerides and non-esterified fatty acids) and reduction of anhedonia symptoms in Study 1 (n = 60) after three infusions of infliximab or placebo and change in resting-state FC in Study 2 (n = 31) after acute, within-subject challenge with levodopa (L-DOPA) and placebo.

Recent advances in systemic therapy for advanced biliary tract cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis using reconstructed RCT survival data.

Background & Aims: Gemcitabine/cisplatin (GemCis) was the long-standing first-line treatment for advanced biliary tract cancers (BTCs). Following positive results from the TOPAZ-01 and KEYNOTE-966 trials, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) combined with chemotherapy are now the standard of care. We aim to compare the efficacy of first-line therapies for advanced BTCs.

Deciphering significances of autophagy in the development and metabolism of adipose tissue.

The mechanisms of adipose tissue activation and inactivation have been a hot topic of research in the last decade, from which countermeasures have been attempted to be found against obesity as well as other lipid metabolism-related diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Autophagy has been shown to be closely related to the regulation of adipocyte activity, which is involved in the whole process including white adipocyte differentiation/maturation and brown or beige adipocyte generation/activation. Dysregulation of autophagy in adipose tissue has been demonstrated to be associated with obesity.

Boosting mechanical durability under high humidity by bioinspired multisite polymer for high-efficiency flexible perovskite solar cells.

Flexible perovskite solar cells (FPSCs) with high stability in moist air are required for their practical applications. However, the poor mechanical stability under high humidity air remains a critical challenge for flexible perovskite devices. Herein, inspired by the exceptional wet adhesion of mussels via dopamine groups, we propose a multidentate-cross-linking strategy, which combine multibranched structure and adequate dopamine anchor sites in three-dimensional hyperbranched polymer to directly chelate perovskite materials in multiple directions, therefore construct a vertical scaffold across the bulk of perovskite films from the bottom to the top interfaces, intimately bind to the perovskite grains and substrates with a strong adhesion ability, and enhance mechanical durability under high humidity.

Unveiling a novel RNA G-triplex structure: its function and potential in CRISPR-based diagnostics.

We report the discovery of a novel higher-order RNA structure, RNA G-triplex (rG3), formed by the TERRA sequence. Through CD spectroscopy, NMR analysis, and molecular modeling, we confirmed its stable, parallel conformation. rG3 exhibits strong binding to thioflavin T (ThT), -methyl mesoporphyrin IX (NMM), and hemin, showcasing its potential as a biosensing element.

Research on the Correlation Between the Chemical Components and the Macroscopic Properties of Asphalt Binder.

The chemical composition of asphalt binder is closely related to its macroscopic properties, and as an important road building material, its performance directly affects the service performance of asphalt binder pavement. Saturate, aromatic, resin, and asphaltene are the four most common chemical components of asphalt binders, collectively known as the SARA components. The SARA components are used to establish the corresponding relationship between the chemical composition and the macroscopic properties of asphalt binder, which is of great significance for further research on and development of high-performance asphalt pavement materials.

Immune profiling of the macroenvironment in colorectal cancer unveils systemic dysfunction and plasticity of immune cells.

Background: Tumour immune macroenvironment is comprised of tumour and surrounding organs responding to tumourigenesis and immunotherapy. The lack of comprehensive analytical methods hinders its application for prediction of survival and treatment response in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients.

Methods: Cytometry by time-of-flight (CyTOF) and RNA-seq was applied to characterise immune cell heterogeneity in a discovery cohort including tumour, blood and intestinal architecture comprising epithelium, lamina propria, submucosa, muscularis propria of normal bowel and tumour-adjacent bowel tissues.

Validation of a Pretransplant Risk Prediction Model for Early Allograft Dysfunction After Living-donor Liver Transplantation.

Background: Early allograft dysfunction (EAD) affects outcomes in liver transplantation (LT). Existing risk models developed for deceased-donor LT depend on posttransplant factors and fall short in living-donor LT (LDLT), where pretransplant evaluations are crucial for preventing EAD and justifying the donor's risks.

Methods: This retrospective study analyzed data from 2944 adult patients who underwent LDLT at 17 centers between 2016 and 2020.

Personalized optimization of systematic prostate biopsy core number based on mpMRI radiomics features: a large-sample retrospective analysis.

Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) is definitively diagnosed by systematic prostate biopsy (SBx) with 13 cores. This method, however, can increase the risk of urinary retention, infection and bleeding due to the excessive number of biopsy cores.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 622 patients who underwent SBx with prostate multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) from two centers between January 2014 to June 2022.

Long noncoding RNA DHRS4 antisense RNA 1 suppresses osteosarcoma cell proliferation and promotes apoptosis through a competitive endogenous RNA mechanism.

Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignant bone tumor. Recent evidence suggests that the novel long noncoding RNA DHRS4 antisense RNA 1 (DHRS4-AS1) serves an important role in cancer progression and metastasis. However, its function and molecular mechanism in OS remain largely unknown.

Sex disparities in the risk of intracranial aneurysm rupture: a case-control study.

Background: There are sex disparities in the risk of ruptured intracranial aneurysm (IA), but which sex-specific factors are related to ruptured IA remains inconclusive.

Methods: Data from electronic medical records from two tertiary hospitals, collected between January 2012 and December 2019, were analyzed for this study. All IAs were confirmed by computed tomographic angiography or digital subtraction angiography.

Biochemical characterization of the catalytic domain from a novel hyperthermophilic β-glucanase and its application for KOS production.

Konjac oligosaccharide (KOS) exhibits various biological activities, and hyperthermophilic β-glucanases offer many advantages for KOS production from konjac glucanmannan (KGM). In this study, a novel β-glucanase, EG003, belonging to the glycosyl hydrolase (GH) subfamily 5_1, was predicted from the genome of the a Thermus strain. The recombinant EG003 and its catalytic domain, EG003A, were successfully expressed and characterized.