Associative gene networks reveal novel candidates important for ADHD and dyslexia comorbidity.

Background: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is commonly associated with developmental dyslexia (DD), which are both prevalent and complicated pediatric neurodevelopmental disorders that have a significant influence on children's learning and development. Clinically, the comorbidity incidence of DD and ADHD is between 25 and 48%. Children with DD and ADHD may have more severe cognitive deficiencies, a poorer level of schooling, and a higher risk of social and emotional management disorders.

Orthographic Processing of Developmental Dyslexic Children in China: Evidence from an Event-Related Potential Study.

Objective: This study aimed to explore the orthographic processing of simplified Chinese characters in developmental dyslexic children in Kashgar, Xinjiang, China, and provide a theoretical basis for intervention strategies for developmental dyslexia in Chinese.

Methods: Using event-related potential (ERP) measures, 18 developmental dyslexic children and 23 typically developing children performed a character decision task with three types of stimuli: real characters (RCs), pseudocharacters (PCs), and noncharacters (NCs).

Results: Behavioral results showed that the control children displayed a faster and higher accurate performance than the dyslexic children across PCs and NCs.

Non-coding RNA Identification in Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head Using Competitive Endogenous RNA Network Analysis.

Objective: To investigate the regulatory network of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) as competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) in osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH).

Methods: The gene expression profile GSE74089 of ONFH and microRNA (miRNA) expression profile of GSE89587 were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The GSE74089 contained four ONFH samples and four controls.

Baicalin inhibits C2C12 myoblast apoptosis and prevents against skeletal muscle injury.

Anti‑apoptotic and anti‑inflammatory treatments are imperative for skeletal muscle regeneration following injury. Baicalin is well known and has previously been investigated for its role in the treatment of injury and inflammatory diseases. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of baicalin in inhibiting apoptosis of C2C12 myoblasts and preventing skeletal muscle injury.

Baicalin prevents the apoptosis of endplate chondrocytes by inhibiting the oxidative stress induced by H2O2.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease of articular cartilage. The pathogenesis of OA remains to be fully elucidated, and several studies have found that oxidative stress is important in its pathogenesis. Baicalin is well known and has already been investigated for its role of inhibiting the oxidative stress pathway.

Inhibition of ERK1/2 Signaling Pathway is Involved in Melatonin's Antiproliferative Effect on Human MG-63 Osteosarcoma Cells.

Background: In a previous study, we found that melatonin inhibits MG-63 osteosarcoma cell proliferation; however, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and Akt signaling pathways play key roles in the anticancer effects of melatonin.

Aims: The present study investigated whether MAPK and Akt signaling pathways are involved in melatonin's antiproliferative actions on the human MG-63 osteosarcoma cells.

P-glycoprotein overexpression in bone marrow-derived multipotent stromal cells decreases the risk of steroid-induced osteonecrosis in the femoral head.

P-glycoprotein (P-gp) plays a role in steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH), but the underlying mechanism remains unknown. We hypothesized that P-gp overexpression can prevent ONFH by regulating bone marrow-derived multipotent stromal cell (BMSC) adipogenesis and osteogenesis. BMSCs from Sprague-Dawley rats were transfected with green fluorescent protein (GFP) or the multidrug resistance gene 1 (MDR1) encoding GFP and P-gp.

Regulatory mechanisms underlying sepsis progression in patients with tumor necrosis factor-α genetic variations.

The present study aimed to investigate the regulatory mechanisms underlying sepsis progression in patients with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α genetic variations. The GSE5760 expression profile data, which was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, contained 30 wild-type (WT) and 28 mutation (MUT) samples. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the two types of samples were identified using the Student's t-test, and the corresponding microRNAs (miRNAs) were screened using WebGestalt software.

Time course analysis based on gene expression profile and identification of target molecules for colorectal cancer.

Background: The study aimed to investigate the expression changes of genes in colorectal cancer (CRC) and screen the potential molecular targets.

Methods: The GSE37178 of mRNA expression profile including the CRC samples extracted by surgical resection and the paired normal samples was downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus database. The genes whose expressions were changed at four different time points were screened and clustered using Mfuzz package.

Comparison of Clinical Outcomes of Phalangeal Fracture Treated with Dorsolateral Approach or Post-middle Approach Using AO Mini Titanium Plate.

The aim of this study is to investigate the clinical outcomes of various fixation methods for proximal phalangeal fractures with Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen (AO) mini titanium plate by dorsolateral approach or post-middle approach. Clinical results of 62 fingers of 53 patients with proximal phalangeal fracture were evaluated. For dorsolateral approach, the lateral bundle of the extensor tendon was drawn away to expose the fracture part of the bone.

Bioinformatics Analysis of microRNA Time-Course Expression in Brown Rat (Rattus norvegicus): Spinal Cord Injury Self-Repair.

Study Design: This is a bioinformatic study designed to investigate the time-course expression changes of microRNAs (miRNAs) after spinal cord injury (SCI).

Objective: To investigate the mechanism of SCI self-repair at miRNAs level and target genes level.

Summary Of Background Data: SCI results in loss of sensory and locomotor function, and SCI self-repair might provide clinical therapies; however, the mechanism of SCI self-repair remains unclear.

GSK3β expression and phosphorylation during neuronal maturation in the rat dorsal root ganglion.

Glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) protein is a key regulator of neurogenesis, neuronal differentiation and polarisation during neurodevelopment. Sensory neurons in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) undergo a series of development stages during its maturation. In this study, we investigated the dynamic changes in GSK-3β expression and phosphorylation of its N-terminal serine-9 residue (p-GSK-3β (S9)) during DRG development.

Prediction of feature genes in trauma patients with the TNF rs1800629 A allele using support vector machine.

Background: Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α variant is closely linked to sepsis syndrome and mortality after severe trauma. We aimed to identify feature genes associated with the TNF rs1800629 A allele in trauma patients and help to direct them toward alternative successful treatment.

Methods: In this study, we used 58 sets of gene expression data from Gene Expression Omnibus to predict the feature genes associated with the TNF rs1800629 A allele in trauma patients.

Decreased expression of microRNA-130a correlates with TNF-α in the development of osteoarthritis.

Objective: Increased expression of tumor necrosis factor a (TNF-α) has emerged as an important inflammatory factor in osteoarthritis (OA) and other joint diseases. The study was performed to investigate whether the expression of TNF-α in human chondrocytes was regulated by miRNAs.

Methods: MiRNA-130a and TNF-α expression in cartilage specimens was examined in patients with knee osteoarthritis, chondrocytes and osteoarthritis rat model.

Identification of key genes associated with colorectal cancer based on the transcriptional network.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is among the most lethal human cancers, but the mechanism of the cancer is still unclear enough. We aimed to explore the key genes in CRC progression. The gene expression profile (GSE4183) of CRC was obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus database which included 8 normal samples, 15 adenoma samples, 15 CRC samples and 15 inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) samples.

Analysis of differentially expressed genes between rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis based on the gene co-expression network.

The aim of the current study was to investigate disease-associated genes and related molecular mechanisms of osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Using GSE7669 datasets downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus databases, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between RA and OA synovial fibroblasts (SFBs) (n=6 each) were screened. DEG-associated co-expression and topological properties were analyzed to determine the rank of disease-associated genes.

A retrospective analysis of reversed femoral Less Invasive Stable System (LISS) for treatment of subtrochanteric femoral fracture.

Purpose: This retrospective study aimed at investigating the indications, the surgical techniques and clinical results of treatment for unstable subtrochanteric fractures with reverse Less Invasive Stable System-distal femur (LISS-DF).

Methods: A total of twenty-six unstable subtrochanteric fracture patients were fixed with reverse LISS-DF from April 2005 to April 2008, including 17 (65%) males and 9 (35%) females with an average age of 43 years (ranged 35-56 years). Among them, 15 (57.

Perforated sarcomatoid carcinoma of the jejunum: Case report.

Sarcomatoid carcinomas exhibit features that are common to epithelial and mesenchymal tumors. These carcinomas are rare, particularly in the small intestine. In the current case report, we describe a case of an intestinal sarcomatoid carcinoma in a 70-year-old Chinese female.

C2ORF40 suppresses breast cancer cell proliferation and invasion through modulating expression of M phase cell cycle genes.

Recently, it has been suggested that C2ORF40 is a candidate tumor suppressor gene in breast cancer. However, the mechanism for reduced expression of C2ORF40 and its functional role in breast cancers remain unclear. Here we show that C2ORF40 is frequently silenced in human primary breast cancers and cell lines through promoter hypermethylation.

Identification of transcription regulatory relationships in rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is recognized as the most crippling or disabling type of arthritis, and osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis. These diseases severely reduce the quality of life, and cause high socioeconomic burdens. However, the molecular mechanisms of RA and OA development remain elusive despite intensive research efforts.

Modulation of MAPK and Akt signaling pathways in proximal segment of injured sciatic nerves.

Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt-mediated signaling pathways play critical roles in peripheral nerve injury. However, the mechanism by which activate these signaling is unclear. We examined the activation of MAPK and Akt pathways in the proximal segments of crushed rat sciatic nerve after 1-30 days injury.

[Roles of gap junctions in proliferation mediated by Hcy in the spontaneous hypertensive rat vascular smooth muscle cells].

Objective: To investigate whether homocysteine (Hcy) participates the proliferation of the spontaneously hypertensive rat(SHR) vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMCs) and the molecular mechanism.

Methods: The rat's arota were removed. The primary SHR VSMCs were isolated and cultured in vitro, then the SHR VSMCs were divided into four groups: (1) control group, (2) Hcy group, (3) 18alpha-glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) group, (4) Hcy + 18alpha-GA group.

Receptor for advanced glycation end products inhibits proliferation in osteoblast through suppression of Wnt, PI3K and ERK signaling.

Expression of receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) plays a crucial role in bone metabolism. However, the role of RAGE in the control of osteoblast proliferation is not yet evaluated. In the present study, we demonstrate that RAGE overexpression inhibits osteoblast proliferation in vitro.

Association of polymorphisms in the DCDC2 gene with developmental dyslexia in the Han Chinese.

Background: Genetic association studies on populations of European origin have identified the DCDC2 gene as a susceptibility locus for developmental dyslexia. Here, we sought to investigate the association of DCDC2 polymorphisms with developmental dyslexia in children of Han Chinese origin.

Methods: We undertook a case-control genetic association study on 76 dyslexic children and 79 non-dyslexic matched controls.